Keluaran 22:4

22:4 If the stolen item should in fact be found ¹  alive in his possession, ²  whether it be an ox or a donkey or a sheep, he must pay back double. ³ 

Keluaran 22:7

22:7 “If a man gives his neighbor money or articles ⁴  for safekeeping, ⁵  and it is stolen from the man’s house, if the thief is caught, ⁶  he must repay double.

Keluaran 22:9

22:9 In all cases of illegal possessions, ⁷  whether for an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any kind of lost item, about which someone says ‘This belongs to me,’ ⁸  the matter of the two of them will come before the judges, ⁹  and the one whom ¹⁰  the judges declare guilty ¹¹  must repay double to his neighbor.

[22:4]  ¹ tn The construction uses a Niphal infinitive absolute and a Niphal imperfect: if it should indeed be found. Gesenius says that in such conditional clauses the infinitive absolute has less emphasis, but instead emphasizes the condition on which some consequence depends (see GKC 342-43 §113.o).

[22:4]  ² tn Heb “in his hand.”

[22:4]  ³ sn He must pay back one for what he took, and then one for the penalty – his loss as he was inflicting a loss on someone else.

[22:7]  ⁴ tn The word usually means “vessels” but can have the sense of household goods and articles. It could be anything from jewels and ornaments to weapons or pottery.

[22:7]  ⁵ tn Heb “to keep.” Here “safekeeping,” that is, to keep something secure on behalf of a third party, is intended.

[22:7]  ⁶ tn Heb “found.”

[22:9]  ⁷ tn Heb “concerning every kind [thing] of trespass.”

[22:9]  ⁸ tn The text simply has “this is it” (הוּא זֶה, hu’ zeh).

[22:9]  ⁹ tn Again, or “God.”

[22:9]  ¹⁰ tn This kind of clause Gesenius calls an independent relative clause – it does not depend on a governing substantive but itself expresses a substantival idea (GKC 445-46 §138.e).

[22:9]  ¹¹ tn The verb means “to be guilty” in Qal; in Hiphil it would have a declarative sense, because a causative sense would not possibly fit.