[1:12] 1 tn Or “who had already hoped.”
[1:13] 3 tn Grk “in whom you also, when…” (continuing the sentence from v. 12).
[1:13] 4 tn Grk “in whom also having believed.” The relative pronoun “whom” has been replaced in the translation with its antecedent (“Christ”) to improve the clarity.
[1:13] 5 tn Or “you were sealed.”
[1:13] 6 tn Grk “the Holy Spirit of promise.” Here ἐπαγγελίας (epangelias, “of promise”) has been translated as an attributive genitive.