Daniel 8:22

8:22 The horn that was broken ¹  and in whose place there arose four others stands for four kingdoms that will arise from his nation, though they will not have his strength.

Daniel 8:7-8

8:7 I saw it approaching the ram. It went into a fit of rage against the ram ²  and struck it ³  and broke off its two horns. The ram had no ability to resist it. ⁴  The goat hurled the ram ⁵  to the ground and trampled it. No one could deliver the ram from its power. ⁶  8:8 The male goat acted even more arrogantly. But no sooner had the large horn become strong than it was broken, and there arose four conspicuous horns ⁷  in its place, ⁸  extending toward the four winds of the sky. ⁹ 

Daniel 8:25

8:25 By his treachery ¹⁰  he will succeed through deceit. ¹¹  He will have an arrogant attitude, ¹²  and he will destroy many who are unaware of his schemes. ¹³  He will rise up against the Prince of princes, yet he will be broken apart – but not by human agency. ¹⁴ 

Daniel 11:22

11:22 Armies ¹⁵  will be suddenly ¹⁶  swept away in defeat ¹⁷  before him; both they and a covenant leader ¹⁸  will be destroyed. ¹⁹ 

Daniel 11:26

11:26 Those who share the king’s fine food will attempt to destroy him, and his army will be swept away; ²⁰  many will be killed in battle.

Daniel 11:20

11:20 There will arise after him ²¹  one ²²  who will send out an exactor ²³  of tribute to enhance the splendor of the kingdom, but after a few days he will be destroyed, ²⁴  though not in anger or battle.

Daniel 10:15

10:15 While he was saying this to me, ²⁵  I was flat on ²⁶  the ground and unable to speak.

Daniel 7:20

7:20 I also wanted to know ²⁷  the meaning of the ten horns on its head, and of that other horn which came up and before which three others fell. This was the horn that had eyes ²⁸  and a mouth speaking arrogant things, whose appearance was more formidable than the others. ²⁹ 

[8:22]  ¹ tn Heb “the broken one.” The word “horn” has been supplied in the translation to clarify the referent.

[8:7]  ² tn Heb “him.”

[8:7]  ³ tn Heb “the ram.”

[8:7]  ⁴ tn Heb “stand before him.”

[8:7]  ⁵ tn Heb “he hurled him.” The referents of both pronouns (the male goat and the ram) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:7]  ⁶ sn The goat of Daniel’s vision represents Greece; the large horn represents Alexander the Great. The ram stands for Media-Persia. Alexander’s rapid conquest of the Persians involved three battles of major significance which he won against overwhelming odds: Granicus (334 B.C.), Isus (333 B.C.), and Gaugemela (331 B.C.).

[8:8]  ⁷ tn The word “horns” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.

[8:8]  ⁸ sn The four conspicuous horns refer to Alexander’s successors. After his death, Alexander’s empire was divided up among four of his generals: Cassander, who took Macedonia and Greece; Lysimachus, who took Thrace and parts of Asia Minor; Seleucus, who took Syria and territory to its east; and Ptolemy, who took control of Egypt.

[8:8]  ⁹ tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[8:25]  ¹⁰ tn The Hebrew term has a primary meaning of “skill, insight,” but here it has the connotation “cunning, treachery.” See BDB 968 s.v. שֵׂכֶל, שֶׂכֶל.

[8:25]  ¹¹ tn Heb “he will cause deceit to succeed by his hand.”

[8:25]  ¹² tn Heb “in his heart he will act arrogantly.”

[8:25]  ¹³ tn Heb “in peace.” The Hebrew word used here is difficult. It may refer to the security felt by those who did not realize the danger of imminent attack, or it may refer to the condition of being unaware of the impending danger. The latter idea is reflected in the present translation. See further, BDB 1017 s.v. שַׁלְוָה.

[8:25]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “with nothingness of hand.”

[11:22]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “arms.”

[11:22]  ¹⁶ tc The present translation reads הִשָּׁטֹף (hishatof), Niphal infinitive absolute of שָׁטַף (shataf, “to overflow”), for the MT הַשֶּׁטֶף (hashetef, “flood”).

[11:22]  ¹⁷ tn The words “in defeat” are added in the translation for clarification.

[11:22]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “a prince of the covenant.”

[11:22]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “broken” or “shattered.”

[11:26]  ²⁰ tc The present translation reads יִשָׁטֵף (yishatef, passive) rather than the MT יִשְׁטוֹף (yishtof, active).

[11:20]  ²¹ tn Heb “on his place.”

[11:20]  ²² sn The one who will send out an exactor of tribute was Seleucus IV Philopator (ca. 187-176 B.C.).

[11:20]  ²³ sn Perhaps this exactor of tribute was Heliodorus (cf. 2 Maccabees 3).

[11:20]  ²⁴ tn Heb “broken” or “shattered.”

[10:15]  ²⁵ tn Heb “speaking to me according to these words.”

[10:15]  ²⁶ tn Heb “I placed my face toward.”

[7:20]  ²⁷ tn The words “I also wanted to know” are added in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[7:20]  ²⁸ tc The conjunction in the MT before “eyes” is odd. The ancient versions do not seem to presuppose it.

[7:20]  ²⁹ tn Aram “greater than its companions.”