Daniel 11:10

11:10 His sons ¹  will wage war, mustering a large army which will advance like an overflowing river and carrying the battle all the way to the enemy’s ²  fortress. ³ 

Daniel 11:13

11:13 For the king of the north will again muster an army, one larger than before. At the end of some years he will advance with a huge army and enormous supplies.

Daniel 11:17

11:17 His intention ⁴  will be to come with the strength of his entire kingdom, and he will form alliances. ⁵  He will give the king of the south ⁶  a daughter ⁷  in marriage in order to destroy the kingdom, but it will not turn out to his advantage.

Daniel 11:30

11:30 The ships of Kittim ⁸  will come against him, leaving him disheartened. ⁹  He will turn back and direct his indignation against the holy covenant. He will return and honor ¹⁰  those who forsake the holy covenant.

Daniel 11:39

11:39 He will attack ¹¹  mighty fortresses, aided by ¹²  a foreign deity. To those who recognize him he will grant considerable honor. He will place them in authority over many people, and he will parcel out land for a price. ¹³ 

[11:10]  ¹ sn The sons of Seleucus II Callinicus were Seleucus III Ceraunus (ca. 227-223 B.C.) and Antiochus III the Great (ca. 223-187 B.C.).

[11:10]  ² tn Heb “his”; the referent (the enemy of the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:10]  ³ tn Heb “and he will certainly come and overflow and cross over and return and be aroused unto a fortress.” The translation has attempted to simplify the syntax of this difficult sequence.

[11:17]  ⁴ tn Heb “and he will set his face.” Cf. vv. 18, 19.

[11:17]  ⁵ tc The present translation reads מֵישָׁרִים (mesharim, “alliances”) for the MT וִישָׁרִים (viysharim, “uprightness”).

[11:17]  ⁶ tn Heb “him”; the referent (the king of the south) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:17]  ⁷ tn Heb “the daughter of the women.”

[11:17]  sn The daughter refers to Cleopatra, the daughter of Antiochus, who was given in marriage to Ptolemy V.

[11:30]  ⁸ sn The name Kittim has various designations in extra-biblical literature. It can refer to a location on the island of Cyprus, or more generally to the island itself, or it can be an inclusive term to refer to parts of the Mediterranean world that lay west of the Middle East (e.g., Rome). For ships of Kittim the Greek OT (LXX) has “Romans,” an interpretation followed by a few English versions (e.g., TEV). A number of times in the Dead Sea Scrolls the word is used in reference to the Romans. Other English versions are more generic: “[ships] of the western coastlands” (NIV, NLT); “from the west” (NCV, CEV).

[11:30]  ⁹ sn This is apparently a reference to the Roman forces, led by Gaius Popilius Laenas, which confronted Antiochus when he came to Egypt and demanded that he withdraw or face the wrath of Rome. Antiochus wisely withdrew from Egypt, albeit in a state of bitter frustration.

[11:30]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “show regard for.”

[11:39]  ¹¹ tn Heb “act against.”

[11:39]  ¹² tn Heb “with.”

[11:39]  ¹³ tn Or perhaps “for a reward.”