Kisah Para Rasul 7:54

Stephen is Killed

7:54 When they heard these things, they became furious ¹  and ground their teeth ²  at him.

Kisah Para Rasul 22:22

The Roman Commander Questions Paul

22:22 The crowd ³  was listening to him until he said this. ⁴  Then ⁵  they raised their voices and shouted, ⁶  “Away with this man ⁷  from the earth! For he should not be allowed to live!” ⁸ 

Lukas 23:18

23:18 But they all shouted out together, ⁹  “Take this man ¹⁰  away! Release Barabbas for us!”

Yohanes 19:15

19:15 Then they ¹¹  shouted out, “Away with him! Away with him! ¹²  Crucify ¹³  him!” Pilate asked, ¹⁴  “Shall I crucify your king?” The high priests replied, “We have no king except Caesar!”

Yohanes 19:1

Pilate Tries to Release Jesus

19:1 Then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged severely. ¹⁵ 

Kolose 4:13

4:13 For I can testify that he has worked hard ¹⁶  for you and for those in Laodicea and Hierapolis.

[7:54]  ¹ tn This verb, which also occurs in Acts 5:33, means “cut to the quick” or “deeply infuriated” (BDAG 235 s.v. διαπρίω).

[7:54]  ² tn Or “they gnashed their teeth.” This idiom is a picture of violent rage (BDAG 184 s.v. βρύχω). See also Ps 35:16.

[22:22]  ³ tn Grk “They were listening”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:22]  ⁴ tn Grk “until this word.”

[22:22]  sn Until he said this. Note it is the mention of Paul’s mission to the Gentiles with its implication of ethnic openness that is so disturbing to the audience.

[22:22]  ⁵ tn Grk “And.” To indicate the logical sequence, καί (kai) has been translated as “then” here.

[22:22]  ⁶ tn Grk “and said.”

[22:22]  ⁷ tn Grk “this one.”

[22:22]  ⁸ tn BDAG 491 s.v. καθήκω has “to be appropriate, come/reach to, be proper/fitting…Usu. impers. καθήκει it comes (to someone)…foll. by acc. and inf….οὐ καθῆκεν αὐτὸν ζῆν he should not be allowed to live Ac 22:22.”

[23:18]  ⁹ tn Grk “together, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant and has not been translated here.

[23:18]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “this one.” The reference to Jesus as “this man” is pejorative in this context.

[19:15]  ¹¹ tn Grk “Then these.”

[19:15]  ¹² tn The words “with him” (twice) are not in the Greek text. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[19:15]  ¹³ sn See the note on Crucify in 19:6.

[19:15]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “Pilate said to them.” The words “to them” are not translated because it is clear in English who Pilate is addressing.

[19:1]  ¹⁵ tn Or “had him flogged,” or (traditional), “scourged him.” The verb should be read as causative. Pilate ordered Jesus to be flogged. A Roman governor would not carry out such a sentence in person. BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1. states, “If J refers to the ‘verberatio’ given those condemned to death (TMommsen, Röm. Strafrecht 1899, 938f; Jos., Bell. 2, 308; 5, 449), it is odd that Pilate subsequently claims no cause for action (vs. 6); but if the latter statement refers only to the penalty of crucifixion, μ. vs. 1 may be equivalent to παιδεύω (q.v. 2bγ) in Lk 23:16, 22 (for μ. of a non-capital offense PFlor I, 61, 61 [85ad]=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 80 II, 61).”

[19:1]  sn This severe flogging was not administered by Pilate himself but his officers, who took Jesus at Pilate’s order and scourged him. The author’s choice of wording here may constitute an allusion to Isa 50:6, “I gave my back to those who scourge me.” Three forms of corporal punishment were employed by the Romans, in increasing degree of severity: (1) fustigatio (beating), (2) flagellatio (flogging), and (3) verberatio (severe flogging, scourging). The first could be on occasion a punishment in itself, but the more severe forms were part of the capital sentence as a prelude to crucifixion. The most severe, verberatio, is what is indicated here by the Greek verb translated flogged severely (μαστιγόω, mastigow). People died on occasion while being flogged this way; frequently it was severe enough to rip a person’s body open or cut muscle and sinew to the bone. It was carried out with a whip that had fragments of bone or pieces of metal bound into the tips.

[4:13]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “pain.” This word appears only three times in the NT outside of this verse (Rev 16:10, 11; 21:4) where the translation “pain” makes sense. For the present verse it has been translated “worked hard.” See BDAG 852 s.v. πόνος 1.