Kisah Para Rasul 2:23

2:23 this man, who was handed over by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you executed ¹  by nailing him to a cross at the hands of Gentiles. ² 

Kisah Para Rasul 3:18

3:18 But the things God foretold ³  long ago through ⁴  all the prophets – that his Christ ⁵  would suffer – he has fulfilled in this way.

Kisah Para Rasul 4:28

4:28 to do as much as your power ⁶  and your plan ⁷  had decided beforehand ⁸  would happen.

Kisah Para Rasul 15:18

15:18 known ⁹  from long ago. ¹⁰ 

Kisah Para Rasul 15:1

The Jerusalem Council

15:1 Now some men came down from Judea ¹¹  and began to teach the brothers, “Unless you are circumcised ¹²  according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved.”

Pengkhotbah 1:18

1:18 For with great wisdom comes ¹³  great frustration;

whoever increases his ¹⁴  knowledge merely ¹⁵  increases his ¹⁶  heartache.

Wahyu 13:8

13:8 and all those who live on the earth will worship the beast, ¹⁷  everyone whose name has not been written since the foundation of the world ¹⁸  in the book of life belonging to the Lamb who was killed. ¹⁹ 

[2:23]  ¹ tn Or “you killed.”

[2:23]  ² tn Grk “at the hands of lawless men.” At this point the term ἄνομος (anomo") refers to non-Jews who live outside the Jewish (Mosaic) law, rather than people who broke any or all laws including secular laws. Specifically it is a reference to the Roman soldiers who carried out Jesus’ crucifixion.

[3:18]  ³ sn God foretold. Peter’s topic is the working out of God’s plan and promise through events the scriptures also note.

[3:18]  ⁴ tn Grk “by the mouth of” (an idiom).

[3:18]  ⁵ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[3:18]  sn See the note on Christ in 2:31.

[4:28]  ⁶ tn Grk “hand,” here a metaphor for God’s strength or power or authority.

[4:28]  ⁷ tn Or “purpose,” “will.”

[4:28]  ⁸ tn Or “had predestined.” Since the term “predestine” is something of a technical theological term, not in wide usage in contemporary English, the translation “decide beforehand” was used instead (see L&N 30.84). God’s direction remains as the major theme.

[15:18]  ⁹ sn Who makes these things known. The remark emphasizes how God’s design of these things reaches back to the time he declared them.

[15:18]  ¹⁰ sn An allusion to Isa 45:21.

[15:1]  ¹¹ sn That is, they came down from Judea to Antioch in Syria.

[15:1]  ¹² tc Codex Bezae (D) and a few other witnesses have “and walk” here (i.e., instead of τῷ ἔθει τῷ Μωϋσέως [tw eqei tw Mwu>sew"] they read καὶ τῷ ἔθει τῷ Μωϋσέως περιπατῆτε [kai tw eqei tw Mwu>sew" peripathte]). This is a decidedly stronger focus on obedience to the Law. As well, D expands vv. 1-5 in various places with the overall effect of being “more sympathetic to the local tradition of the church at Jerusalem” while the Alexandrian witnesses are more sympathetic to Paul (TCGNT 377). Codex D is well known for having a significantly longer text in Acts, but modern scholarship is generally of the opinion that the text of D expands on the original wording of Acts, with a theological viewpoint that especially puts Peter in a more authoritarian light. The expansion in these five verses is in keeping with that motif even though Peter is not explicitly in view.

[15:1]  sn Unless you are circumcised. These teachers from Judea were teaching that Gentiles could not be saved unless they kept the law of Moses in regard to circumcision. Thus according to them a Gentile had first to become a proselyte to Judaism, including circumcision, before one could become a Christian. This party is sometimes known (collectively) as Judaizers. They did not question that Gentiles could come into the community, but disagreed with Paul and Barnabas on what basis they could do so.

[1:18]  ¹³ tn This term does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[1:18]  ¹⁴ tn This term does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[1:18]  ¹⁵ tn This term does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[1:18]  ¹⁶ tn This term does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[13:8]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “it”; the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[13:8]  ¹⁸ tn The prepositional phrase “since the foundation of the world” is traditionally translated as a modifier of the immediately preceding phrase in the Greek text, “the Lamb who was killed” (so also G. B. Caird, Revelation [HNTC], 168), but it is more likely that the phrase “since the foundation of the world” modifies the verb “written” (as translated above). Confirmation of this can be found in Rev 17:8 where the phrase “written in the book of life since the foundation of the world” occurs with no ambiguity.

[13:8]  ¹⁹ tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”