1 Samuel 17:45-47

17:45 But David replied to the Philistine, “You are coming against me with sword and spear and javelin. But I am coming against you in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel’s armies, whom you have defied! 17:46 This very day the Lord will deliver you into my hand! I will strike you down and cut off your head. This day I will give the corpses of the Philistine army to the birds of the sky and the wild animals of the land. Then all the land will realize that Israel has a God 17:47 and all this assembly will know that it is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves! For the battle is the Lord’s, and he will deliver you into our hand.”

1 Samuel 17:1

David Kills Goliath

17:1 ¹ The Philistines gathered their troops ²  for battle. They assembled at Socoh in Judah. They camped in Ephes Dammim, between Socoh and Azekah.

Kisah Para Rasul 18:1

Paul at Corinth

18:1 After this ³  Paul ⁴  departed from ⁵  Athens ⁶  and went to Corinth. ⁷ 

Kisah Para Rasul 18:1-2

Paul at Corinth

18:1 After this ⁸  Paul ⁹  departed from ¹⁰  Athens ¹¹  and went to Corinth. ¹²  18:2 There he ¹³  found ¹⁴  a Jew named Aquila, ¹⁵  a native of Pontus, ¹⁶  who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius ¹⁷  had ordered all the Jews to depart from ¹⁸  Rome. ¹⁹  Paul approached ²⁰  them,

Kisah Para Rasul 19:19

19:19 Large numbers ²¹  of those who had practiced magic ²²  collected their books ²³  and burned them up in the presence of everyone. ²⁴  When ²⁵  the value of the books was added up, it was found to total fifty thousand silver coins. ²⁶ 

Mazmur 58:11

58:11 Then ²⁷  observers ²⁸  will say,

“Yes indeed, the godly are rewarded! ²⁹ 

Yes indeed, there is a God who judges ³⁰  in the earth!”

Mazmur 83:18

83:18 Then they will know ³¹  that you alone are the Lord, ³² 

the sovereign king ³³  over all the earth.

[17:1]  ¹ tc The content of 1 Sam 17–18, which includes the David and Goliath story, differs considerably in the LXX as compared to the MT, suggesting that this story circulated in ancient times in more than one form. The LXX for chs. 17–18 is much shorter than the MT, lacking almost half of the material (39 of a total of 88 verses). Many scholars (e.g., McCarter, Klein) think that the shorter text of the LXX is preferable to the MT, which in their view has been expanded by incorporation of later material. Other scholars (e.g., Wellhausen, Driver) conclude that the shorter Greek text (or the Hebrew text that underlies it) reflects an attempt to harmonize certain alleged inconsistencies that appear in the longer version of the story. Given the translation characteristics of the LXX elsewhere in this section, it does not seem likely that these differences are due to deliberate omission of these verses on the part of the translator. It seems more likely that the Greek translator has faithfully rendered here a Hebrew text that itself was much shorter than the MT in these chapters. Whether or not the shorter text represented by the LXX is to be preferred over the MT in 1 Sam 17–18 is a matter over which textual scholars are divided. For a helpful discussion of the major textual issues in this unit see D. Barthélemy, D. W. Gooding, J. Lust, and E. Tov, The Story of David and Goliath (OBO). Overall it seems preferable to stay with the MT, at least for the most part. However, the major textual differences between the LXX and the MT will be mentioned in the notes that accompany the translation so that the reader may be alert to the major problem passages.

[17:1]  ² tn Heb “camps.”

[18:1]  ³ tn Grk “After these things.”

[18:1]  ⁴ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:1]  ⁵ tn Or “Paul left.”

[18:1]  ⁶ map For location see JP1 C2; JP2 C2; JP3 C2; JP4 C2.

[18:1]  ⁷ sn Corinth was the capital city of the senatorial province of Achaia and the seat of the Roman proconsul. It was located 55 mi (88 km) west of Athens. Corinth was a major rival to Athens and was the largest city in Greece at the time.

[18:1]  map For location see JP1 C2; JP2 C2; JP3 C2; JP4 C2.

[18:1]  ⁸ tn Grk “After these things.”

[18:1]  ⁹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:1]  ¹⁰ tn Or “Paul left.”

[18:1]  ¹¹ map For location see JP1 C2; JP2 C2; JP3 C2; JP4 C2.

[18:1]  ¹² sn Corinth was the capital city of the senatorial province of Achaia and the seat of the Roman proconsul. It was located 55 mi (88 km) west of Athens. Corinth was a major rival to Athens and was the largest city in Greece at the time.

[18:1]  map For location see JP1 C2; JP2 C2; JP3 C2; JP4 C2.

[18:2]  ¹³ tn Grk “And he.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here. The word “there” is not in the Greek text but is implied.

[18:2]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “finding.” The participle εὑρών (Jeurwn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[18:2]  ¹⁵ sn On Aquila and his wife Priscilla see also Acts 18:18, 26; Rom 16:3-4; 1 Cor 16:19; 2 Tim 4:19. In the NT “Priscilla” and “Prisca” are the same person. This author uses the full name Priscilla, while Paul uses the diminutive form Prisca.

[18:2]  ¹⁶ sn Pontus was a region in the northeastern part of Asia Minor. It was a Roman province.

[18:2]  ¹⁷ sn Claudius refers to the Roman emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus, known as Claudius, who ruled from a.d. 41-54. The edict expelling the Jews from Rome was issued in a.d. 49 (Suetonius, Claudius 25.4).

[18:2]  ¹⁸ tn Or “to leave.”

[18:2]  ¹⁹ map For location see JP4 A1.

[18:2]  ²⁰ tn Or “went to.”

[19:19]  ²¹ tn BDAG 472 s.v. ἱκανός 4.a has “many, quite a few” for ἱκανοί (Jikanoi) in this verse.

[19:19]  ²² tn On this term see BDAG 800 s.v. περίεργος 2.

[19:19]  ²³ tn Or “scrolls.”

[19:19]  ²⁴ tn Or “burned them up publicly.” L&N 14.66 has “‘they brought their books together and burned them up in the presence of everyone’ Ac 19:19.”

[19:19]  ²⁵ tn Grk “and when.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence, the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here. Instead a new English sentence is begun.

[19:19]  ²⁶ tn Or “fifty thousand silver drachmas” (about $10,000 US dollars). BDAG 128 s.v. ἀργύριον 2.c states, “ἀργυρίου μυριάδας πέντε 50,000 (Attic silver) drachmas Ac 19:19.” Another way to express the value would be in sheep: One drachma could buy one sheep. So this many drachmas could purchase a huge flock of sheep. A drachma also equals a denarius, or a day’s wage for the average worker. So this amount would be equal to 50,000 work days or in excess of 8,300 weeks of labor (the weeks are calculated at six working days because of the Jewish cultural context). The impact of Christianity on the Ephesian economy was considerable (note in regard to this the concerns expressed in 19:26-27).

[58:11]  ²⁷ tn Following the imperfects of v. 10, the prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive probably indicates a result or consequence of what precedes.

[58:11]  ²⁸ tn Heb “man.” The singular is representative here.

[58:11]  ²⁹ tn Heb “surely [there] is fruit for the godly.”

[58:11]  ³⁰ tn The plural participle is unusual here if the preceding אֱלֹהִים (’elohim) is here a plural of majesty, referring to the one true God. Occasionally the plural of majesty does take a plural attributive (see GKC 428-29 §132.h). It is possible that the final mem (ם) on the participle is enclitic, and that it was later misunderstood as a plural ending. Another option is to translate, “Yes indeed, there are gods who judge in the earth.” In this case, the statement reflects the polytheistic mindset of pagan observers who, despite their theological ignorance, nevertheless recognize divine retribution when they see it.

[83:18]  ³¹ tn After the preceding jussives (v. 17), the prefixed verbal form with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose (“so that they may know”) or result.

[83:18]  ³² tn Heb “that you, your name [is] the Lord, you alone.”

[83:18]  ³³ tn Traditionally “the Most High.”