Yosua 13:3

13:3 from the Shihor River ¹  east of ²  Egypt northward to the territory of Ekron (it is regarded as Canaanite territory), ³  including the area belonging to the five Philistine lords who ruled in Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron, as well as Avvite land ⁴ 

Yosua 13:2

13:2 This is the land that remains: all the territory of the Philistines and all the Geshurites,

1 Tawarikh 26:6

26:6 His son Shemaiah also had sons, who were leaders of their families, for they were highly respected.

1 Tawarikh 26:2

26:2 Meshelemiah’s sons:

The firstborn Zechariah, the second Jediael, the third Zebadiah, the fourth Jathniel,

1 Tawarikh 28:18

28:18 and for the refined gold of the incense altar.

He gave him ⁵  the blueprint for the seat ⁶  of the gold cherubim that spread their wings ⁷  and provide shelter for the ark of the Lord’s covenant.

Zefanya 2:4-7

Judgment on Surrounding Nations

2:4 Indeed, ⁸  Gaza will be deserted ⁹ 

and Ashkelon will become a heap of ruins. ¹⁰ 

Invaders will drive away the people of Ashdod by noon, ¹¹ 

and Ekron will be overthrown. ¹² 

2:5 Those who live by the sea, the people who came from Crete, ¹³  are as good as dead. ¹⁴ 

The Lord has decreed your downfall, ¹⁵  Canaan, land of the Philistines:

“I will destroy everyone who lives there!” ¹⁶ 

2:6 The seacoast ¹⁷  will be used as pasture lands ¹⁸  by the shepherds

and as pens for their flocks.

2:7 Those who are left from the kingdom of Judah ¹⁹  will take possession of it. ²⁰ 

By the sea ²¹  they ²²  will graze,

in the houses of Ashkelon they will lie down in the evening,

for the Lord their God will intervene for them ²³  and restore their prosperity. ²⁴ 

[13:3]  ¹ tn Heb “the Shihor”; the word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.

[13:3]  ² tn Heb “in front of.”

[13:3]  ³ tn Heb “it is reckoned to the Canaanites.”

[13:3]  ⁴ tn Heb “the five lords of the Philistines, the Gazaite, the Ashdodite, the Ashkelonite, the Gathite, and the Ekronite, and the Avvites.”

[28:18]  ⁵ tn The words “he gave him” are supplied in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.

[28:18]  ⁶ tc The Hebrew text reads מֶרְכָּבָה (merkavah, “chariot”), but the final he (ה) is probably dittographic – note the prefixed he (ה) on the immediately following word. It is preferable to read מֶרְכָּב (merkav, “seat”).

[28:18]  ⁷ tc The Hebrew text does not have “their wings,” but the word כְּנָפַיִם (kÿnafayim, “wings”) has probably been accidentally omitted by homoioteleuton. Note that the immediately preceding לְפֹרְשִׂים (lÿforsim) also ends in mem (ם).

[2:4]  ⁸ tn Or “for” (KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV).

[2:4]  ⁹ tn There is a sound play here in the Hebrew text: the name Gaza (עַזָּה, ’azzah) sounds like the word translated “deserted” (עֲזוּבָה, ’azuvah).

[2:4]  ¹⁰ tn Or “a desolate place.”

[2:4]  ¹¹ tn Heb “[As for] Ashdod, at noon they will drive her away.”

[2:4]  sn The reference to noon may suggest a sudden, quick defeat (see Jer 6:4; 15:8).

[2:4]  ¹² tn Heb “uprooted.” There is a sound play here in the Hebrew text: the name “Ekron” (עֶקְרוֹן, ’eqron) sounds like the word translated “uprooted” (תֵּעָקֵר, te’aqer).

[2:5]  ¹³ tn Heb “Kerethites,” a people settled alongside the Philistines in the coastal areas of southern Palestine (cf. 1 Sam 30:14; Ezek 25:16). They originally came from the island of Crete.

[2:5]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “Woe, inhabitants of the coast of the sea, nation of Kerethites.” The Hebrew term הוֹי (hoy, “ah, woe”), is used to mourn the dead and express outwardly one’s sorrow (see 1 Kgs 13:30; Jer 22:18; 34:5). By using it here the prophet mourns in advance the downfall of the Philistines, thereby emphasizing the certainty of their demise (“as good as dead”). Some argue the word does not have its earlier connotation here and is simply an attention-getting interjection, equivalent to “Hey!”

[2:5]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “the word of the Lord is against you.”

[2:5]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “I will destroy you so there is no inhabitant [remaining].”

[2:6]  ¹⁷ tn The NIV here supplies the phrase “where the Kerethites dwell” (“Kerethites” is translated in v. 5 as “the people who came from Crete”) as an interpretive gloss, but this phrase is not in the MT. The NAB likewise reads “the coastland of the Cretans,” supplying “Cretans” here.

[2:6]  ¹⁸ tn The Hebrew phrase here is נְוֹת כְּרֹת (nÿvot kÿrot). The first word is probably a plural form of נָוָה (navah, “pasture”). The meaning of the second word is unclear. It may be a synonym of the preceding word (cf. NRSV “pastures, meadows for shepherds”); there is a word כַּר (kar, “pasture”) in biblical Hebrew, but elsewhere it forms its plural with a masculine ending. Some have suggested the meaning “wells” or “caves” used as shelters (cf. NEB “shepherds’ huts”); in this case, one might translate, “The seacoast will be used for pasturelands; for shepherds’ wells/caves.”

[2:7]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “the remnant of the house of Judah.”

[2:7]  ²⁰ tn Or “the coast will belong to the remnant of the house of Judah.”

[2:7]  ²¹ tc Heb “on them,” but the antecedent of the masculine pronoun is unclear. It may refer back to the “pasture lands,” though that noun is feminine. It is preferable to emend the text from עֲלֵיהֶם (’alehem) to עַל־הַיָּם (’al-hayyam, “by the sea”) an emendation that assumes a misdivision and transposition of letters in the MT (cf. NEB “They shall pasture their flocks by the sea”). See J. J. M. Roberts, Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah (OTL), 192.

[2:7]  ²² tn The referent of the pronominal subject (“they”) is unclear. It may refer (1) to the shepherds (in which case the first verb should be translated, “pasture their sheep,” cf. NEB), or (2) to the Judahites occupying the area, who are being compared to sheep (cf. NIV, “there they will find pasture”).

[2:7]  ²³ tn Or “will care for them.”

[2:7]  ²⁴ tn Traditionally, “restore their captivity,” i.e., bring back their captives, but it is more likely the expression means “restore their fortunes” in a more general sense (cf. NEB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).