Amsal 28:15

28:15 Like ¹  a roaring lion or a roving bear, ² 

so is a wicked ruler over a poor people. ³ 

Amsal 28:2

28:2 When a country is rebellious ⁴  it has many princes, ⁵ 

but by someone who is discerning and knowledgeable ⁶  order is maintained. ⁷ 

1 Samuel 17:8

17:8 Goliath ⁸  stood and called to Israel’s troops, ⁹  “Why do you come out to prepare for battle? Am I not the Philistine, and are you not the servants of Saul? Choose ¹⁰  for yourselves a man so he may come down ¹¹  to me!

1 Samuel 17:2

17:2 Saul and the Israelite army ¹²  assembled and camped in the valley of Elah, where they arranged their battle lines to fight against ¹³  the Philistines.

Kisah Para Rasul 2:24

2:24 But God raised him up, ¹⁴  having released ¹⁵  him from the pains ¹⁶  of death, because it was not possible for him to be held in its power. ¹⁷ 

Hosea 13:8

13:8 I will attack them like a bear robbed of her cubs –

I will rip open their chests.

I will devour them there like a lion –

like a wild animal would tear them apart.

[28:15]  ¹ tn The term “like” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity and smoothness.

[28:15]  ² sn The comparison uses animals that are powerful, terrifying, insensitive, and in search of prey. Because political tyrants are like this, animal imagery of this sort is also used in Dan 7:1-8 for the series of ruthless world powers.

[28:15]  ³ sn A poor nation under the control of political tyrants who are dangerous and destructive is helpless. The people of that nation will crumble under them because they cannot meet their demands and are of no use to them.

[28:2]  ⁴ sn The Hebrew word translated “rebellious” has rebellion as its basic meaning, and that is the idea here. The proverb is describing a time when sinfulness brings about social and political unrest.

[28:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “many are its princes” (so NASB).

[28:2]  sn In such a chaotic time there will be many rulers, either simultaneously or in a rapid sequence. The times of the judges or the days of the northern kings of Israel provide examples.

[28:2]  ⁶ tn Heb “a man who understands [and] knows”; NRSV “an intelligent ruler”; NLT “wise and knowledgeable leaders.”

[28:2]  ⁷ tc The LXX reads (probably from a different underlying Hebrew text): “It is the fault of a violent man that quarrels start, but they are settled by a man of discernment.” For a survey of suggestions, see C. H. Toy, Proverbs (ICC), 495, and W. McKane, Proverbs (OTL), 630.

[28:2]  tn This last line is difficult. The MT has כֵּן יַאֲרִיךְ (ken ya’arikh). The verb means “to prolong,” but כֵּן (ken) is open to several possibilities for meaning. J. H. Greenstone’s interpretation of it as a noun from the Hollow root כּוּן (kun) with a meaning of “established order” is what is expected here (Proverbs, 293).

[28:2]  sn For a study of the verses in chapters 28 and 29 concerning kings and governments, see B. V. Malchow, “A Manual for Future Monarchs,” CBQ 47 (1985): 238-45.

[17:8]  ⁸ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Goliath) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:8]  ⁹ tn The Hebrew text adds “and said to them.”

[17:8]  ¹⁰ tc The translation follows the ancient versions in reading “choose,” (from the root בחר, bkhr), rather than the MT. The verb in MT (ברה, brh) elsewhere means “to eat food”; the sense of “to choose,” required here by the context, is not attested for this root. The MT apparently reflects an early scribal error.

[17:8]  ¹¹ tn Following the imperative, the prefixed verbal form (either an imperfect or jussive) with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose/result here.

[17:2]  ¹² tn Heb “the men of Israel” (so KJV, NASB); NAB, NIV, NRSV “the Israelites.”

[17:2]  ¹³ tn Heb “to meet.”

[2:24]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “Whom God raised up.”

[2:24]  ¹⁵ tn Or “having freed.”

[2:24]  ¹⁶ sn The term translated pains is frequently used to describe pains associated with giving birth (see Rev 12:2). So there is irony here in the mixed metaphor.

[2:24]  ¹⁷ tn Or “for him to be held by it” (in either case, “it” refers to death’s power).