[18:7] 1 sn The earth heaved and shook. The imagery pictures an earthquake in which the earth’s surface rises and falls. The earthquake motif is common in OT theophanies of God as warrior and in ancient Near Eastern literary descriptions of warring gods and kings. See R. B. Chisholm, “An Exegetical and Theological Study of Psalm 18/2 Samuel 22” (Th.D. diss., Dallas Theological Seminary, 1983), 160-62.
[18:7] 2 tn 2 Sam 22:8 has “heavens” which forms a merism with “earth” in the preceding line. The “foundations of the heavens” would be the mountains. However, the reading “foundations of the mountains” has a parallel in Deut 32:22.
[18:7] 3 tn In this poetic narrative context the prefixed verbal form is best understood as a preterite indicating past tense, not an imperfect. Note the three prefixed verbal forms with vav (ו) consecutive in the verse.
[77:16] 4 tn The waters of the Red Sea are here personified; they are portrayed as seeing God and fearing him.
[77:16] 5 tn The prefixed verbal form may be taken as a preterite or as an imperfect with past progressive force.
[77:16] 6 tn The words “of the sea” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[77:16] 7 tn The prefixed verbal form may be taken as a preterite or as an imperfect with past progressive force.
