Mazmur 78:41

78:41 They again challenged God, ¹ 

and offended ²  the Holy One of Israel. ³ 

Mazmur 99:2

99:2 The Lord is elevated ⁴  in Zion;

he is exalted over all the nations.

Yesaya 1:24

1:24 Therefore, the sovereign Lord who commands armies, ⁵ 

the powerful ruler of Israel, ⁶  says this:

“Ah, I will seek vengeance ⁷  against my adversaries,

I will take revenge against my enemies. ⁸ 

[78:41]  ¹ tn Heb “and they returned and tested God.” The Hebrew verb שׁוּב (shuv, “to return”) is used here in an adverbial sense to indicate that an earlier action was repeated.

[78:41]  ² tn Or “wounded, hurt.” The verb occurs only here in the OT.

[78:41]  ³ sn The basic sense of the word “holy” is “set apart from that which is commonplace, special, unique.” The Lord’s holiness is first and foremost his transcendent sovereignty as the ruler of the world. He is “set apart” from the world over which he rules. At the same time his holiness encompasses his moral authority, which derives from his royal position. As king he has the right to dictate to his subjects how they are to live; indeed his very own character sets the standard for proper behavior. This expression is a common title for the Lord in the book of Isaiah.

[99:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “great.”

[1:24]  ⁵ tn Heb “the master, the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts].” On the title “the Lord who commands armies,” see the note at v. 9.

[1:24]  ⁶ tn Heb “the powerful [one] of Israel.”

[1:24]  ⁷ tn Heb “console myself” (i.e., by getting revenge); NRSV “pour out my wrath on.”

[1:24]  ⁸ sn The Lord here identifies with the oppressed and comes as their defender and vindicator.