Lukas 14:8

14:8 “When you are invited by someone to a wedding feast, ¹  do not take ²  the place of honor, because a person more distinguished than you may have been invited by your host. ³ 

Lukas 14:18

14:18 But one after another they all ⁴  began to make excuses. ⁵  The first said to him, ‘I have bought a field, ⁶  and I must go out and see it. Please excuse me.’ ⁷ 

Lukas 15:12

15:12 The ⁸  younger of them said to his ⁹  father, ‘Father, give me the share of the estate ¹⁰  that will belong ¹¹  to me.’ So ¹²  he divided his ¹³  assets between them. ¹⁴ 

Lukas 15:21

15:21 Then ¹⁵  his son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven ¹⁶  and against you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’ ¹⁷ 

Lukas 20:15

20:15 So ¹⁸  they threw him out of the vineyard and killed ¹⁹  him. What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them?

Lukas 20:35

20:35 But those who are regarded as worthy to share in ²⁰  that age and in the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage. ²¹ 

[14:8]  ¹ tn Or “banquet.” This may not refer only to a wedding feast, because this term can have broader sense (note the usage in Esth 2:18; 9:22 LXX). However, this difference does not affect the point of the parable.

[14:8]  ² tn Grk “do not recline in the place of honor.” 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away.

[14:8]  ³ tn Grk “by him”; the referent (the host) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[14:18]  ⁴ tn Or “all unanimously” (BDAG 107 s.v. ἀπό 6). "One after another" is suggested by L&N 61.2.

[14:18]  ⁵ sn To make excuses and cancel at this point was an insult in the culture of the time. Regardless of customs concerning responses to invitations, refusal at this point was rude.

[14:18]  ⁶ sn I have bought a field. An examination of newly bought land was a common practice. It was this person’s priority.

[14:18]  ⁷ sn The expression Please excuse me is probably a polite way of refusing, given the dynamics of the situation, although it is important to note that an initial acceptance had probably been indicated and it was now a bit late for a refusal. The semantic equivalent of the phrase may well be “please accept my apologies.”

[15:12]  ⁸ tn Grk “And the.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[15:12]  ⁹ tn Grk “the”; in context the article is used as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).

[15:12]  ¹⁰ tn L&N 57.19 notes that in nonbiblical contexts in which the word οὐσία (ousia) occurs, it refers to considerable possessions or wealth, thus “estate.”

[15:12]  ¹¹ tn L&N 57.3, “to belong to or come to belong to, with the possible implication of by right or by inheritance.”

[15:12]  ¹² tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the father’s response to the younger son’s request.

[15:12]  ¹³ tn Grk “the”; in context the article is used as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).

[15:12]  ¹⁴ sn He divided his assets between them. There was advice against doing this in the OT Apocrypha (Sir 33:20). The younger son would get half of what the older son received (Deut 21:17).

[15:21]  ¹⁵ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[15:21]  ¹⁶ sn The phrase against heaven is a circumlocution for God. 1st century Judaism tended to minimize use of the divine name out of reverence.

[15:21]  ¹⁷ sn The younger son launches into his confession just as he had planned. See vv. 18-19.

[20:15]  ¹⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the tenants’ decision to kill the son.

[20:15]  ¹⁹ sn Throwing the heir out of the vineyard pictures Jesus’ death outside of Jerusalem.

[20:35]  ²⁰ tn Grk “to attain to.”

[20:35]  ²¹ sn Life in the age to come is different than life here (they neither marry nor are given in marriage). This means Jesus’ questioners had made a false assumption that life was the same both now and in the age to come.