Keluaran 9:6-7

9:6 And the Lord did this ¹  on the next day; ²  all ³  the livestock of the Egyptians ⁴  died, but of the Israelites’ livestock not one died. 9:7 Pharaoh sent representatives to investigate, ⁵  and indeed, not even one of the livestock of Israel had died. But Pharaoh’s heart remained hard, ⁶  and he did not release the people.

Keluaran 14:30

14:30 So the Lord saved ⁷  Israel on that day from the power ⁸  of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead ⁹  on the shore of the sea.

Keluaran 22:14

22:14 “If a man borrows an animal ¹⁰  from his neighbor, and it is hurt or dies when its owner was not with it, the man who borrowed it ¹¹  will surely pay.

[9:6]  ¹ tn Heb “this thing.”

[9:6]  ² tn Heb “on the morrow.”

[9:6]  ³ tn The word “all” clearly does not mean “all” in the exclusive sense, because subsequent plagues involve cattle. The word must denote such a large number that whatever was left was insignificant for the economy. It could also be taken to mean “all [kinds of] livestock died.”

[9:6]  ⁴ tn Heb “of Egypt.” The place is put by metonymy for the inhabitants.

[9:7]  ⁵ tn Heb “Pharaoh sent.” The phrase “representatives to investigate” is implied in the context.

[9:7]  ⁶ tn Heb “and the heart of Pharaoh was hardened.” This phrase translates the Hebrew word כָּבֵד (kaved; see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 53). In context this represents the continuation of a prior condition.

[14:30]  ⁷ tn The Hebrew term וַיּוֹשַׁע (vayyosha’) is the key summation of the chapter, and this part of the book: “So Yahweh saved Israel.” This is the culmination of all the powerful works of God through these chapters.

[14:30]  ⁸ tn Heb “the hand,” with “hand” being a metonymy for power.

[14:30]  ⁹ tn The participle “dead” is singular, agreeing in form with “Egypt.”

[22:14]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “if a man asks [an animal] from his neighbor” (see also Exod 12:36). The ruling here implies an animal is borrowed, and if harm comes to it when the owner is not with it, the borrower is liable. The word “animal” is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[22:14]  ¹¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the man who borrowed the animal) has been specified in the translation for clarity.