Keluaran 9:32

9:32 But the wheat and the spelt ¹  were not struck, for they are later crops.) ² 

Keluaran 21:26

21:26 “If a man strikes the eye of his male servant or his female servant so that he destroys it, ³  he will let the servant ⁴  go free ⁵  as compensation for the eye.

Keluaran 9:31

9:31 (Now the ⁶  flax and the barley were struck ⁷  by the hail, ⁸  for the barley had ripened ⁹  and the flax ¹⁰  was in bud.

Keluaran 8:24

8:24 The Lord did so; a ¹¹  thick ¹²  swarm of flies came into ¹³  Pharaoh’s house and into the houses ¹⁴  of his servants, and throughout the whole land of Egypt the land was ruined ¹⁵  because of the swarms of flies.

Keluaran 9:25

9:25 The hail struck everything in the open fields, both ¹⁶  people and animals, throughout all the land of Egypt. The hail struck everything that grows ¹⁷  in the field, and it broke all the trees of the field to pieces.

Keluaran 32:7

32:7 The Lord spoke to Moses: “Go quickly, descend, ¹⁸  because your ¹⁹  people, whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, have acted corruptly.

Keluaran 22:14

22:14 “If a man borrows an animal ²⁰  from his neighbor, and it is hurt or dies when its owner was not with it, the man who borrowed it ²¹  will surely pay.

Keluaran 10:4

10:4 But if you refuse to release my people, I am going to bring ²²  locusts ²³  into your territory ²⁴  tomorrow.

Keluaran 22:6

22:6 “If a fire breaks out and spreads ²⁵  to thorn bushes, ²⁶  so that stacked grain or standing grain or the whole field is consumed, the one who started ²⁷  the fire must surely make restitution.

[9:32]  ¹ tn The word כֻּסֶּמֶת (kussemet) is translated “spelt”; the word occurs only here and in Isa 28:25 and Ezek 4:9. Spelt is a grain closely allied to wheat. Other suggestions have been brought forward from the study of Egyptian crops (see a brief summary in W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:363-64).

[9:32]  ² tn Heb “for they are late.”

[21:26]  ³ tn The form וְשִׁחֲתָהּ (vÿshikhatah) is the Piel perfect with the vav (ל) consecutive, rendered “and destroys it.” The verb is a strong one, meaning “to ruin, completely destroy.”

[21:26]  ⁴ tn Heb “him”; the referent (the male or female servant) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:26]  ⁵ sn Interestingly, the verb used here for “let him go” is the same verb throughout the first part of the book for “release” of the Israelites from slavery. Here, an Israelite will have to release the injured slave.

[9:31]  ⁶ tn A disjunctive vav introduces the two verses that provide parenthetical information to the reader. Gesenius notes that the boldness of such clauses is often indicated by the repetition of nouns at the beginning (see GKC 452 §141.d). Some have concluded that because they have been put here rather than back after v. 25 or 26, they form part of Moses’ speech to Pharaoh, explaining that the crops that were necessary for humans were spared, but those for other things were destroyed. This would also mean that Moses was saying there is more that God can destroy (see B. Jacob, Exodus, 279).

[9:31]  ⁷ tn The unusual forms נֻכָּתָה (nukkatah) in v. 31 and נֻכּוּ (nukku) in v. 32 are probably to be taken as old Qal passives. There are no attested Piel uses of the root.

[9:31]  ⁸ tn The words “by the hail” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied from context.

[9:31]  ⁹ tn Heb “was in the ear” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV); NIV “had headed.”

[9:31]  ¹⁰ sn Flax was used for making linen, and the area around Tanis was ideal for producing flax. Barley was used for bread for the poor people, as well as beer and animal feed.

[8:24]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and there came a….”

[8:24]  ¹² tn Heb “heavy,” or “severe.”

[8:24]  ¹³ tn Here, and in the next phrase, the word “house” has to be taken as an adverbial accusative of termination.

[8:24]  ¹⁴ tn The Hebrew text has the singular here.

[8:24]  ¹⁵ tc Concerning the connection of “the land was ruined” with the preceding, S. R. Driver (Exodus, 68) suggests reading with the LXX, Smr, and Peshitta; this would call for adding a conjunction before the last clause to make it read, “into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants’ houses, and into all the land of Egypt; and the land was…”

[8:24]  tn The Hebrew word תִּשָּׁחֵת (tishakhet) is a strong word; it is the Niphal imperfect of שָׁחַת (shakhat) and is translated “ruined.” If the classification as imperfect stands, then it would have to be something like a progressive imperfect (the land was being ruined); otherwise, it may simply be a preterite without the vav (ו) consecutive. The verb describes utter devastation. This is the verb that is used in Gen 13:10 to describe how Yahweh destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. Swarms of flies would disrupt life, contaminate everything, and bring disease.

[9:25]  ¹⁶ tn The exact expression is “from man even to beast.” R. J. Williams lists this as an example of the inclusive use of the preposition מִן (min) to be rendered “both…and” (Hebrew Syntax, 57, §327).

[9:25]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “all the cultivated grain of.”

[32:7]  ¹⁸ tn The two imperatives could also express one idea: “get down there.” In other words, “Make haste to get down.”

[32:7]  ¹⁹ sn By giving the people to Moses in this way, God is saying that they have no longer any right to claim him as their God, since they have shared his honor with another. This is God’s talionic response to their “These are your gods who brought you up.” The use of these pronoun changes also would form an appeal to Moses to respond, since Moses knew that God had brought them up from Egypt.

[22:14]  ²⁰ tn Heb “if a man asks [an animal] from his neighbor” (see also Exod 12:36). The ruling here implies an animal is borrowed, and if harm comes to it when the owner is not with it, the borrower is liable. The word “animal” is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[22:14]  ²¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the man who borrowed the animal) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[10:4]  ²² tn הִנְנִי (hinni) before the active participle מֵבִיא (mevi’) is the imminent future construction: “I am about to bring” or “I am going to bring” – precisely, “here I am bringing.”

[10:4]  ²³ tn One of the words for “locusts” in the Bible is אַרְבֶּה (’arbeh), which comes from רָבָה (ravah, “to be much, many”). It was used for locusts because of their immense numbers.

[10:4]  ²⁴ tn Heb “within your border.”

[22:6]  ²⁵ tn Heb “if a fire goes out and finds”; NLT “if a fire gets out of control.”

[22:6]  ²⁶ sn Thorn bushes were used for hedges between fields, but thorn bushes also burned easily, making the fire spread rapidly.

[22:6]  ²⁷ tn This is a Hiphil participle of the verb “to burn, kindle” used substantivally. This is the one who caused the fire, whether by accident or not.