Keluaran 1:12

1:12 But the more the Egyptians ¹  oppressed them, the more they multiplied and spread. ²  As a result the Egyptians loathed ³  the Israelites,

Keluaran 4:30

4:30 Aaron spoke ⁴  all the words that the Lord had spoken to Moses and did the signs in the sight of the people,

Keluaran 5:4

5:4 The king of Egypt said to them, “Moses and Aaron, why do you cause the people to refrain from their work? ⁵  Return to your labor!”

Keluaran 5:13

5:13 The slave masters were pressuring ⁶  them, saying, “Complete ⁷  your work for each day, just like when there was straw!”

Keluaran 8:7

8:7 The magicians did the same ⁸  with their secret arts and brought up frogs on the land of Egypt too. ⁹ 

Keluaran 8:13

8:13 The Lord did as Moses asked ¹⁰  – the ¹¹  frogs died out of the houses, the villages, and the fields.

Keluaran 8:18

8:18 When ¹²  the magicians attempted ¹³  to bring forth gnats by their secret arts, they could not. So there were gnats on people and on animals.

Keluaran 8:25

8:25 Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within the land.” ¹⁴ 

Keluaran 11:9

11:9 The Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh will not listen to you, so that my wonders ¹⁵  may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.”

Keluaran 15:15

15:15 Then the chiefs of Edom will be terrified, ¹⁶ 

trembling will seize ¹⁷  the leaders of Moab,

and the inhabitants of Canaan will shake.

Keluaran 22:21

22:21 “You must not wrong ¹⁸  a foreigner ¹⁹  nor oppress him, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.

Keluaran 23:9

23:9 “You must not oppress ²⁰  a foreigner, since you know the life ²¹  of a foreigner, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.

Keluaran 29:35

29:35 “Thus you are to do for Aaron and for his sons, according to all that I have commanded you; you are to consecrate them ²²  for ²³  seven days.

Keluaran 32:14

32:14 Then the Lord relented over the evil that he had said he would do to his people.

Keluaran 36:5

36:5 and told Moses, “The people are bringing much more than ²⁴  is needed for the completion ²⁵  of the work which the Lord commanded us to do!” ²⁶ 

[1:12]  ¹ tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Egyptians) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:12]  ² tn The imperfect tenses in this verse are customary uses, expressing continual action in past time (see GKC 315 §107.e). For other examples of כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka’asher) with כֵּן (ken) expressing a comparison (“just as…so”) see Gen 41:13; Judg 1:7; Isa 31:4.

[1:12]  sn Nothing in the oppression caused this, of course. Rather, the blessing of God (Gen 12:1-3) was on Israel in spite of the efforts of Egypt to hinder it. According to Gen 15 God had foretold that there would be this period of oppression (עָנָה [’anah] in Gen 15:13). In other words, God had decreed and predicted both their becoming a great nation and the oppression to show that he could fulfill his promise to Abraham in spite of the bondage.

[1:12]  ³ tn Heb “they felt a loathing before/because of”; the referent (the Egyptians) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[4:30]  ⁴ tn Heb “And Aaron spoke.”

[5:4]  ⁵ sn The clause is a rhetorical question. Pharaoh is not asking them why they do this, but rather is accusing them of doing it. He suspects their request is an attempt to get people time away from their labor. In Pharaoh’s opinion, Moses and Aaron were “removing the restraint” (פָּרַע, para’) of the people in an effort to give them rest. Ironically, under the Law the people would be expected to cease their labor when they went to appear before God. He would give them the rest that Pharaoh refused to give. It should be noted also that it was not Israel who doubted that Yahweh had sent Moses, as Moses had feared – but rather Pharaoh.

[5:13]  ⁶ tn Or “pressed.”

[5:13]  ⁷ tn כַּלּוּ (kallu) is the Piel imperative; the verb means “to finish, complete” in the sense of filling up the quota.

[8:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “thus, so.”

[8:7]  ⁹ sn In these first two plagues the fact that the Egyptians could and did duplicate them is ironic. By duplicating the experience, they added to the misery of Egypt. One wonders why they did not use their skills to rid the land of the pests instead, and the implication of course is that they could not.

[8:13]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “according to the word of Moses” (so KJV, NASB). Just as Moses had told Pharaoh “according to your word” (v. 10), now the Lord does “according to the word” of Moses.

[8:13]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and the frogs died.”

[8:18]  ¹² tn The preterite with vav (ו) consecutive is here subordinated to the main clause as a temporal clause.

[8:18]  ¹³ tn Heb “and the magicians did so.”

[8:18]  sn The report of what the magicians did (or as it turns out, tried to do) begins with the same words as the report about the actions of Moses and Aaron – “and they did so” (vv. 17 and 18). The magicians copy the actions of Moses and Aaron, leading readers to think momentarily that the magicians are again successful, but at the end of the verse comes the news that “they could not.” Compared with the first two plagues, this third plague has an important new feature, the failure of the magicians and their recognition of the source of the plague.

[8:25]  ¹⁴ sn After the plague is inflicted on the land, then Pharaoh makes an appeal. So there is the familiar confrontation (vv. 25-29). Pharaoh’s words to Moses are an advancement on his previous words. Now he uses imperatives: “Go, sacrifice to your God.” But he restricts it to “in the [this] land.” This is a subtle attempt to keep them as a subjugated people and prevent their absolute allegiance to their God. This offered compromise would destroy the point of the exodus – to leave Egypt and find a new allegiance under the Lord.

[11:9]  ¹⁵ sn The thought is essentially the same as in Exod 7:3-4, but the wonders, or portents, here refer to what is yet to be done in Egypt.

[15:15]  ¹⁶ tn This is a prophetic perfect.

[15:15]  ¹⁷ tn This verb is imperfect tense.

[22:21]  ¹⁸ tn Or “oppress.”

[22:21]  ¹⁹ tn Or “alien,” both here and in 23:9. This individual is a resident foreigner; he lives in the land but, aside from provisions such as this, might easily be without legal rights.

[23:9]  ²⁰ tn The verb means “to crush.” S. R. Driver notes that in this context this would probably mean with an unfair judgment in the courts (Exodus, 239).

[23:9]  ²¹ tn Heb “soul, life” – “you know what it feels like.”

[29:35]  ²² tn Heb “you will fill their hand.”

[29:35]  ²³ tn The “seven days” is the adverbial accusative explaining that the ritual of the filling should continue daily for a week. Leviticus makes it clear that they are not to leave the sanctuary.

[36:5]  ²⁴ tn The construction uses the verbal hendiadys: מַרְבִּים לְהָבִיא (marbim lÿhavi’) is the Hiphil participle followed (after the subject) by the Hiphil infinitive construct. It would read, “they multiply…to bring,” meaning, “they bring more” than is needed.

[36:5]  ²⁵ tn Heb “for the service” (so KJV, ASV).

[36:5]  ²⁶ tn The last clause is merely the infinitive with an object – “to do it.” It clearly means the skilled workers are to do it.