[31:47] 1 sn Jegar Sahadutha. Laban the Aramean gave the place an Aramaic name which means “witness pile” or “the pile is a witness.”
[31:47] 2 sn Galeed also means “witness pile” or “the pile is a witness,” but this name is Canaanite or Western Semitic and closer to later Hebrew. Jacob, though certainly capable of speaking Aramaic, here prefers to use the western dialect.
[49:24] 3 tn Heb “the arms of his hands.”
[49:24] 4 tn Heb “from there,” but the phrase should be revocalized and read “from [i.e., because of] the name of.”