Kejadian 2:3

2:3 God blessed the seventh day and made it holy ¹  because on it he ceased all the work that he ²  had been doing in creation. ³ 

Keluaran 31:14

31:14 So you must keep the Sabbath, for it is holy for you. Everyone who defiles it ⁴  must surely be put to death; indeed, ⁵  if anyone does ⁶  any ⁷  work on it, then that person will be cut off from among his ⁸  people.

Imamat 23:38

23:38 besides ⁹  the Sabbaths of the Lord and all your gifts, votive offerings, and freewill offerings which you must give to the Lord.

Bilangan 28:9

Weekly Offerings

28:9 “‘On the Sabbath day, you must offer ¹⁰  two unblemished lambs a year old, and two-tenths of an ephah ¹¹  of finely ground flour as a grain offering, mixed with olive oil, along with its drink offering.

Yesaya 56:2

56:2 The people who do this will be blessed, ¹² 

the people who commit themselves to obedience, ¹³ 

who observe the Sabbath and do not defile it,

who refrain from doing anything that is wrong. ¹⁴ 

Yehezkiel 20:12

20:12 I also gave them my Sabbaths ¹⁵  as a reminder of our relationship, ¹⁶  so that they would know that I, the Lord, sanctify them. ¹⁷ 

Yehezkiel 20:20

20:20 Treat my Sabbaths as holy ¹⁸  and they will be a reminder of our relationship, ¹⁹  and then you will know that I am the Lord your God.”

[2:3]  ¹ tn The verb is usually translated “and sanctified it.” The Piel verb קִדֵּשׁ (qiddesh) means “to make something holy; to set something apart; to distinguish it.” On the literal level the phrase means essentially that God made this day different. But within the context of the Law, it means that the day belonged to God; it was for rest from ordinary labor, worship, and spiritual service. The day belonged to God.

[2:3]  ² tn Heb “God.” The pronoun (“he”) has been employed in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[2:3]  ³ tn Heb “for on it he ceased from all his work which God created to make.” The last infinitive construct and the verb before it form a verbal hendiadys, the infinitive becoming the modifier – “which God creatively made,” or “which God made in his creating.”

[31:14]  ⁴ tn This clause is all from one word, a Piel plural participle with a third, feminine suffix: מְחַלְלֶיהָ (mÿkhalleha, “defilers of it”). This form serves as the subject of the sentence. The word חָלַל (khalal) is the antonym of קָדַשׁ (qadash, “to be holy”). It means “common, profane,” and in the Piel stem “make common, profane” or “defile.” Treating the Sabbath like an ordinary day would profane it, make it common.

[31:14]  ⁵ tn This is the asseverative use of כִּי (ki) meaning “surely, indeed,” for it restates the point just made (see R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 73, §449).

[31:14]  ⁶ tn Heb “the one who does.”

[31:14]  ⁷ tn “any” has been supplied.

[31:14]  ⁸ tn Literally “her” (a feminine pronoun agreeing with “soul/life,” which is grammatically feminine).

[23:38]  ⁹ tn Heb “from to separation.” See BDB 94 s.v. בַּד 1.e for an explanation of this phrase. This phrase is repeated in front of each of the four items in this verse in the Hebrew text, but these have not been translated into English for stylistic reasons. Cf. KJV, NASB “besides”; NRSV “apart from.”

[28:9]  ¹⁰ tn The words “you must offer” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied. They have been supplied in the translation to make a complete English sentence.

[28:9]  ¹¹ sn That is, about 4 quarts.

[56:2]  ¹² tn Heb “blessed is the man who does this.”

[56:2]  ¹³ tn Heb “the son of mankind who takes hold of it.”

[56:2]  ¹⁴ tn Heb and who keeps his hand from doing any evil.”

[20:12]  ¹⁵ sn Ezekiel’s contemporary, Jeremiah, also stressed the importance of obedience to the Sabbath law (Jer 17).

[20:12]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “to become a sign between me and them.”

[20:12]  ¹⁷ tn Or “set them apart.” The last phrase of verse 12 appears to be a citation of Exod 31:13.

[20:20]  ¹⁸ tn Or “set apart my Sabbaths.”

[20:20]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and they will become a sign between me and you.”