Joshua 7:1

Achan Sins and is Punished

7:1 But the Israelites disobeyed the command about the city’s riches. ¹  Achan son of Carmi, son of Zabdi, ²  son of Zerah, from the tribe of Judah, stole some of the riches. ³  The Lord was furious with the Israelites. ⁴ 

Leviticus 27:28-29

Things Permanently Dedicated to the Lord

27:28 “‘Surely anything which a man permanently dedicates to the Lord ⁵  from all that belongs to him, whether from people, animals, or his landed property, must be neither sold nor redeemed; anything permanently dedicated is most holy to the Lord. 27:29 Any human being who is permanently dedicated ⁶  must not be ransomed; such a person must be put to death.

Numbers 21:2-3

21:2 So Israel made a vow ⁷  to the Lord and said, “If you will indeed deliver ⁸  this people into our ⁹  hand, then we will utterly destroy ¹⁰  their cities.” 21:3 The Lord listened to the voice of Israel and delivered up the Canaanites, ¹¹  and they utterly destroyed them and their cities. So the name of the place was called ¹²  Hormah.

Numbers 21:1

Victory at Hormah

21:1 ¹³ When the Canaanite king of Arad ¹⁴  who lived in the Negev ¹⁵  heard that Israel was approaching along the road to Atharim, he fought against Israel and took some of them prisoner.

Colossians 2:7

2:7 rooted ¹⁶  and built up in him and firm ¹⁷  in your ¹⁸  faith just as you were taught, and overflowing with thankfulness.

Ezra 10:8

10:8 Everyone who did not come within three days would thereby forfeit all his property, in keeping with the counsel of the officials and the elders. Furthermore, he himself would be excluded from the assembly of the exiles.

Isaiah 34:6

34:6 The Lord’s sword is dripping with blood,

it is covered ¹⁹  with fat;

it drips ²⁰  with the blood of young rams and goats

and is covered ²¹  with the fat of rams’ kidneys.

For the Lord is holding a sacrifice ²²  in Bozrah, ²³ 

a bloody ²⁴  slaughter in the land of Edom.

Jeremiah 46:10

46:10 But that day belongs to the Lord God who rules over all. ²⁵ 

It is the day when he will pay back his enemies. ²⁶ 

His sword will devour them until its appetite is satisfied!

It will drink their blood until it is full! ²⁷ 

For the Lord God who rules over all ²⁸  will offer them up as a sacrifice

in the land of the north by the Euphrates River.

Ezekiel 39:17

39:17 “As for you, son of man, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Tell every kind of bird and every wild beast: ‘Assemble and come! Gather from all around to my slaughter ²⁹  which I am going to make for you, a great slaughter on the mountains of Israel! You will eat flesh and drink blood.

Micah 4:13

4:13 “Get up and thresh, Daughter Zion!

For I will give you iron horns; ³⁰ 

I will give you bronze hooves,

and you will crush many nations.” ³¹ 

You will devote to the Lord the spoils you take from them,

and dedicate their wealth to the sovereign Ruler ³²  of the whole earth. ³³ 

Micah 4:1

Better Days Ahead for Jerusalem

4:1 In the future ³⁴  the Lord’s Temple Mount will be the most important mountain of all; ³⁵ 

it will be more prominent than other hills. ³⁶ 

People will stream to it.

Colossians 1:22

1:22 but now he has reconciled you ³⁷  by his physical body through death to present you holy, without blemish, and blameless before him –

Galatians 3:10

3:10 For all who ³⁸  rely on doing the works of the law are under a curse, because it is written, “Cursed is everyone who does not keep on doing everything written in the book of the law.” ³⁹ 

Galatians 3:12

3:12 But the law is not based on faith, ⁴⁰  but the one who does the works of the law ⁴¹  will live by them. ⁴² 

[7:1]  ¹ tn Heb “But the sons of Israel were unfaithful with unfaithfulness concerning what was set apart [to the Lord].”

[7:1]  ² tn 1 Chr 2:6 lists a “Zimri” (but no Zabdi) as one of the five sons of Zerah (cf. also 1 Chr 7:17, 18).

[7:1]  ³ tn Heb “took from what was set apart [to the Lord].”

[7:1]  ⁴ tn Heb “the anger of the Lord burned against the sons of Israel.”

[27:28]  ⁵ tn Heb “Surely, any permanently dedicated [thing] which a man shall permanently dedicate to the Lord.” The Hebrew term חֵרֶם (kherem) refers to things that are devoted permanently to the Lord (see the note on v. 21 above).

[27:29]  ⁶ tn Heb “permanently dedicated from among men.”

[21:2]  ⁷ tn The Hebrew text uses a cognate accusative with the verb: They vowed a vow. The Israelites were therefore determined with God’s help to defeat Arad.

[21:2]  ⁸ tn The Hebrew text has the infinitive absolute and the imperfect tense of נָתַן (natan) to stress the point – if you will surely/indeed give.”

[21:2]  ⁹ tn Heb “my.”

[21:2]  ¹⁰ tn On the surface this does not sound like much of a vow. But the key is in the use of the verb for “utterly destroy” – חָרַם (kharam). Whatever was put to this “ban” or “devotion” belonged to God, either for his use, or for destruction. The oath was in fact saying that they would take nothing from this for themselves. It would simply be the removal of what was alien to the faith, or to God’s program.

[21:3]  ¹¹ tc Smr, Greek, and Syriac add “into his hand.”

[21:3]  ¹² tn In the Hebrew text the verb has no expressed subject, and so here too is made passive. The name “Hormah” is etymologically connected to the verb “utterly destroy,” forming the popular etymology (or paronomasia, a phonetic wordplay capturing the significance of the event).

[21:1]  ¹³ sn This chapter has several events in it: the victory over Arad (vv. 1-3), the plague of serpents (vv. 4-9), the approach to Moab (vv. 10-20), and the victory over Sihon and Og (vv. 21-35). For information, see D. M. Gunn, “The ‘Battle Report’: Oral or Scribal Convention.” JBL 93 (1974): 513-18; and of the extensive literature on the archaeological site, see EAEHL 1:74-89.

[21:1]  ¹⁴ sn The name Arad probably refers to a place a number of miles away from Tel Arad in southern Israel. The name could also refer to the whole region (like Edom).

[21:1]  ¹⁵ tn Or “the south”; “Negev” has become a technical name for the southern desert region and is still in use in modern times.

[2:7]  ¹⁶ tn Or “having been rooted.”

[2:7]  ¹⁷ sn The three participles rooted, built up, and firm belong together and reflect three different metaphors. The first participle “rooted” (perfect tense) indicates a settled condition on the part of the Colossian believers and refers to horticulture. The second participle “built up” (present passive) comes from the world of architecture. The third participle “firm [established]” (present passive) comes from the law courts. With these three metaphors (as well as the following comment on thankfulness) Paul explains what he means when he commands them to continue to live their lives in Christ. The use of the passive probably reflects God’s activity among them. It was he who had rooted them, had been building them up, and had established them in the faith (cf. 1 Cor 3:5-15 for the use of mixed metaphors).

[2:7]  ¹⁸ tn The Greek text has the article τῇ (th), not the possessive pronoun ὑμῶν (Jumwn), but the article often functions as a possessive pronoun and was translated as such here (ExSyn 215).

[34:6]  ¹⁹ tn The verb is a rare Hotpaal passive form. See GKC 150 §54.h.

[34:6]  ²⁰ tn The words “it drips” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[34:6]  ²¹ tn The words “and is covered” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[34:6]  ²² tn Heb “for there is a sacrifice to the Lord.”

[34:6]  ²³ sn The Lord’s judgment of Edom is compared to a bloody sacrificial scene.

[34:6]  ²⁴ tn Heb “great” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[46:10]  ²⁵ tn Heb “the Lord Yahweh of armies.” See the study note at 2:19 for the translation and significance of this title for God.

[46:10]  ²⁶ sn Most commentators think that this is a reference to the Lord exacting vengeance on Pharaoh Necho for killing Josiah, carrying Jehoahaz off into captivity, and exacting heavy tribute on Judah in 609 b.c. (2 Kgs 23:29, 33-35).

[46:10]  ²⁷ tn Or more paraphrastically, “he will kill them/ until he has exacted full vengeance”; Heb “The sword will eat and be sated; it will drink its fill of their blood.”

[46:10]  ²⁸ tn Heb “the Lord Yahweh of armies.” See the study note at 2:19 for the translation and significance of this title for God.

[39:17]  ²⁹ tn Or “sacrifice” (so also in the rest of this verse).

[4:13]  ³⁰ tn Heb “I will make your horn iron.”

[4:13]  ³¹ sn Jerusalem (Daughter Zion at the beginning of the verse; cf. 4:8) is here compared to a powerful ox which crushes the grain on the threshing floor with its hooves.

[4:13]  ³² tn Or “the Lord” (so many English versions); Heb “the master.”

[4:13]  ³³ tn Heb “and their wealth to the master of all the earth.” The verb “devote” does double duty in the parallelism and is supplied in the second line for clarification.

[4:1]  ³⁴ tn Heb “at the end of days.”

[4:1]  ³⁵ tn Heb “will be established as the head of the mountains.”

[4:1]  ³⁶ tn Heb “it will be lifted up above the hills.”

[1:22]  ³⁷ tc Some of the better representatives of the Alexandrian and Western texts have a passive verb here instead of the active ἀποκατήλλαξεν (apokathllaxen, “he has reconciled”): ἀποκατηλλάγητε (apokathllaghte) in (Ì⁴⁶) B, ἀποκατήλλακται [sic] (apokathllaktai) in 33, and ἀποκαταλλαγέντες (apokatallagente") in D* F G. Yet the active verb is strongly supported by א A C D² Ψ 048 075 [0278] 1739 1881 Ï lat sy. Internally, the passive creates an anacoluthon in that it looks back to the accusative ὑμᾶς (Juma", “you”) of v. 21 and leaves the following παραστῆσαι (parasthsai) dangling (“you were reconciled…to present you”). The passive reading is certainly the harder reading. As such, it may well explain the rise of the other readings. At the same time, it is possible that the passive was produced by scribes who wanted some symmetry between the ποτε (pote, “at one time”) of v. 21 and the νυνὶ δέ (nuni de, “but now”) of v. 22: Since a passive periphrastic participle is used in v. 21, there may have a temptation to produce a corresponding passive form in v. 22, handling the ὑμᾶς of v. 21 by way of constructio ad sensum. Since παραστῆσαι occurs ten words later, it may not have been considered in this scribal modification. Further, the Western reading (ἀποκαταλλαγέντες) hardly seems to have arisen from ἀποκατηλλάγητε (contra TCGNT 555). As difficult as this decision is, the preferred reading is the active form because it is superior externally and seems to explain the rise of all forms of the passive readings.

[3:10]  ³⁸ tn Grk “For as many as.”

[3:10]  ³⁹ tn Grk “Cursed is everyone who does not continue in all the things written in the book of the law, to do them.”

[3:12]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “is not from faith.”

[3:12]  ⁴¹ tn Grk “who does these things”; the referent (the works of the law, see 3:5) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:12]  ⁴² sn A quotation from Lev 18:5. The phrase the works of the law is an editorial expansion on the Greek text (see previous note); it has been left as normal typeface to indicate it is not part of the OT text.