Hosea 1:1
Konteks1:1 1 This is the word of the Lord which was revealed to Hosea 2 son of Beeri during the time when 3 Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah ruled Judah, 4 and during the time when Jeroboam son of Joash 5 ruled Israel. 6
Hosea 5:4
Konteks5:4 Their wicked deeds do not allow them to return to their God;
because a spirit of idolatry 7 controls their heart, 8
and they do not acknowledge the Lord.
Hosea 6:1
Konteks6:1 “Come on! Let’s return to the Lord!
He himself has torn us to pieces,
but he will heal us!
He has injured 9 us,
but he will bandage our wounds!
Hosea 6:3
Konteks6:3 So let us acknowledge him! 10
Let us seek 11 to acknowledge 12 the Lord!
He will come to our rescue as certainly as the appearance of the dawn,
as certainly as the winter rain comes,
as certainly as the spring rain that waters the land.”
Hosea 7:10
Konteks7:10 The arrogance of Israel testifies against him,
yet they refuse to return to the Lord their God!
In spite of all this they refuse to seek him!
Hosea 9:3
Konteks9:3 They will not remain in the Lord’s land.
Ephraim will return to Egypt;
they will eat ritually unclean food in Assyria.
Hosea 10:3
Konteks10:3 Very soon they will say, “We have no king
since we did not fear the Lord.
But what can a king do for us anyway?”
Hosea 11:10-11
Konteks11:10 He will roar like a lion,
and they will follow the Lord;
when he roars,
his children will come trembling 13 from the west.
11:11 They will return in fear and trembling 14
like birds from Egypt,
like doves from Assyria,
and I will settle them in their homes,” declares the Lord.
Hosea 12:2
Konteks12:2 The Lord also has a covenant lawsuit 15 against Judah;
he will punish Jacob according to his ways
and repay him according to his deeds.
Hosea 12:9
Konteks12:9 “I am the Lord your God 16 who brought you 17 out of Egypt;
I will make you live in tents again as in the days of old. 18
[1:1] 1 tc The textual problems in Hosea are virtually unparalleled in the OT. The Masoretic Text (MT), represented by the Leningrad Codex (c.
[1:1] 2 tn Heb “The word of the
[1:1] 3 tn Heb “in the days of” (again later in this verse). Cf. NASB “during the days of”; NIV “during the reigns of”; NLT “during the years when.”
[1:1] 4 tn Heb “Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, kings of Judah.”
[1:1] 5 sn Joash is a variation of the name Jehoash. Some English versions use “Jehoash” here (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).
[1:1] 6 tn Heb “Jeroboam son of Joash, king of Israel.”
[5:4] 7 tn Heb “a spirit of harlotries”; NIV “a spirit of prostitution”; TEV “Idolatry has a powerful hold on them.” However, CEV takes this literally: “your constant craving for sex keeps you from knowing me.”
[5:4] 8 tn Heb “is in their heart” (so NIV); NASB, NRSV “is within them.”
[6:1] 9 tn “has struck”; NRSV “struck down.”
[6:3] 10 tn The object (“him”) is omitted in the Hebrew text, but supplied in the translation for clarity.
[6:3] 11 tn Heb “let us pursue in order to know.” The Hebrew term רָדַף (radaf, “to pursue”) is used figuratively: “to aim to secure” (BDB 923 s.v. רָדַף 2). It describes the pursuit of a moral goal: “Do not pervert justice…nor accept a bribe…pursue [רָדַף] justice” (Deut 16:20); “those who pursue [רָדַף] righteousness and who seek [בָּקַשׁ, baqash] the
[6:3] 12 tn The Hebrew infinitive construct with לְ (lamed) denotes purpose: “to know” (לָדַעַת, lada’at).
[11:10] 13 tn When the verb חָרַד (kharad, “to tremble”) is used with prepositions of direction, it denotes “to go or come trembling” (BDB 353 s.v. חָרַד 4; e.g., Gen 42:28; 1 Sam 13:7; 16:4; 21:2; Hos 11:10, 11). Thus, the phrase מִיָּם…וְיֶחֶרְדוּ (vÿyekherdu…miyyam) means “to come trembling from the west.” Cf. NAB “shall come frightened from the west.”
[11:11] 14 tn For the meaning of חָרַד (harad, “to tremble”) with prepositions of direction, see 11:10 above.
[12:2] 15 tn The noun רִיב (riv, “dispute”) is used in two contexts: (1) nonlegal contexts: (a) “dispute” between individuals (e.g., Gen 13:7; Isa 58:1; Jer 15:10) or (b) “brawl, quarrel” between people (e.g., Exod 17:7; Deut 25:1); and (2) legal contexts: (a) “lawsuit, legal process” (e.g., Exod 23:3-6; Deut 19:17; 21:5; Ezek 44:24; Ps 35:23), (b) “lawsuit, legal case” (e.g., Deut 1:12; 17:8; Prov 18:17; 25:9), and (c) God’s “lawsuit” on behalf of a person or against his own people (Hos 4:1; 12:3; Mic 6:2; HALOT 1225-26 s.v. רִיב). The term in Hosea refers to a covenant lawsuit in which Yahweh, the suzerain, lodges a legal case against his disobedient vassal, accusing Israel and Judah of breach of covenant which will elicit the covenant curses. Cf. NLT “is bringing a lawsuit.”
[12:9] 16 sn The
[12:9] 17 tn Or “[Ever since you came] out of Egypt”; CEV “just as I have been since the time you were in Egypt.”
[12:9] 18 tn Heb “as in the days of meeting” (כִּימֵי מוֹעֵד, kime mo’ed). This phrase might refer to “time of the festival” (e.g., Hos 2:13; 9:5; cf. NASB, NRSV, NLT) or the