1 Samuel 29:10

29:10 So get up early in the morning along with the servants of your lord who have come with you. ¹  When you get up early in the morning, as soon as it is light enough to see, leave.” ² 

1 Samuel 5:3

5:3 When the residents of Ashdod got up early the next day, ³  Dagon was lying on the ground before the ark of the Lord. So they took Dagon and set him back in his place.

1 Samuel 17:20

17:20 So David got up early in the morning and entrusted the flock to someone else who would watch over it. ⁴  After loading up, he went just as Jesse had instructed him. He arrived at the camp ⁵  as the army was going out to the battle lines shouting its battle cry.

1 Samuel 2:35

2:35 Then I will raise up for myself a faithful priest. He will do what is in my heart and soul. I will build for him a secure dynasty ⁶  and he will serve my chosen one for all time. ⁷ 

1 Samuel 28:25

28:25 She brought it to Saul and his servants, and they ate. Then they arose and left that same night.

1 Samuel 2:8

2:8 He lifts the weak ⁸  from the dust;

he raises ⁹  the poor from the ash heap

to seat them with princes

and to bestow on them an honored position. ¹⁰ 

The foundations of the earth belong to the Lord,

and he has placed the world on them.

1 Samuel 25:1

The Death of Samuel

25:1 Samuel died, and all Israel assembled and mourned him. They buried him at his home in Ramah. Then David left and went down to the desert of Paran. ¹¹ 

1 Samuel 13:15

13:15 Then Samuel set out and went up from Gilgal ¹²  to Gibeah in the territory of Benjamin. ¹³  Saul mustered the army that remained with him; there were about six hundred men.

1 Samuel 23:24

23:24 So they left and went to Ziph ahead of Saul. Now David and his men were in the desert of Maon, in the Arabah to the south of Jeshimon.

1 Samuel 16:13

16:13 So Samuel took the horn full of olive oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers. The Spirit of the Lord rushed upon David from that day onward. Then Samuel got up and went to Ramah.

1 Samuel 23:13

23:13 So David and his men, who numbered about six hundred, set out and left Keilah; they moved around from one place to another. ¹⁴  When told that David had escaped from Keilah, Saul called a halt to his expedition.

1 Samuel 8:1

Israel Seeks a King

8:1 In his old age Samuel appointed his sons as judges over Israel.

1 Samuel 18:13

18:13 Saul removed David ¹⁵  from his presence and made him a commanding officer. ¹⁶  David led the army out to battle and back. ¹⁷ 

1 Samuel 8:5

8:5 They said to him, “Look, you are old, and your sons don’t follow your ways. So now appoint over us a king to lead ¹⁸  us, just like all the other nations have.”

1 Samuel 6:13

6:13 Now the residents of Beth Shemesh were harvesting wheat in the valley. When they looked up and saw the ark, they were pleased at the sight.

1 Samuel 30:9

30:9 So David went, accompanied by his six hundred men. When he came to the Wadi Besor, those who were in the rear stayed there. ¹⁹ 

1 Samuel 28:2

28:2 David replied to Achish, “That being the case, you will come to know what your servant can do!” Achish said to David, “Then I will make you my bodyguard ²⁰  from now on.” ²¹ 

1 Samuel 18:5

18:5 On every mission on which Saul sent him, David achieved success. So Saul appointed him over the men of war. This pleased not only all the army, but also Saul’s servants. ²² 

1 Samuel 21:6

21:6 So the priest gave him holy bread, for there was no bread there other than the bread of the Presence. It had been removed from before the Lord in order to replace it with hot bread on the day it had been taken away.

1 Samuel 8:12

8:12 He will appoint for himself leaders of thousands and leaders of fifties, ²³  as well as those who plow his ground, reap his harvest, and make his weapons of war and his chariot equipment.

1 Samuel 10:19

10:19 But today you have rejected your God who saves you from all your trouble and distress. You have said, “No! ²⁴  Appoint a king over us.” Now take your positions before the Lord by your tribes and by your clans.’”

1 Samuel 22:7

22:7 Saul said to his servants who were stationed around him, “Listen up, you Benjaminites! Is Jesse’s son giving fields and vineyards to all of you? Or is he making all of you ²⁵  commanders and officers? ²⁶ 

1 Samuel 25:13

25:13 Then David instructed his men, “Each of you strap on your sword!” So each one strapped on his sword, and David also strapped on his sword. About four hundred men followed David up, while two hundred stayed behind with the equipment.

1 Samuel 28:8

28:8 So Saul disguised himself and put on other clothing and left, accompanied by two of his men. They came to the woman at night and said, “Use your ritual pit to conjure up for me the one I tell you.” ²⁷ 

1 Samuel 9:26

9:26 They got up at dawn and Samuel called to Saul on the roof, “Get up, so I can send you on your way.” So Saul got up and the two of them – he and Samuel – went outside.

1 Samuel 29:11

29:11 So David and his men got up early in the morning to return ²⁸  to the land of the Philistines, but the Philistines went up to Jezreel.

1 Samuel 26:2

26:2 So Saul arose and

went down to the desert of Ziph, accompanied by three thousand select men of Israel, to look for David in the desert of Ziph.

1 Samuel 15:12

15:12 Then Samuel got up early to meet Saul the next morning. But Samuel was informed, “Saul has gone to Carmel where ²⁹  he is setting up a monument for himself. Then Samuel left ³⁰  and went down to Gilgal.” ³¹ 

1 Samuel 31:12

31:12 all their warriors set out and traveled throughout the night. They took Saul’s corpse and the corpses of his sons from the city wall of Beth Shan and went ³²  to Jabesh, where they burned them.

1 Samuel 25:42

25:42 Then Abigail quickly went and mounted her donkey, with five of her female servants accompanying her. ³³  She followed David’s messengers and became his wife.

1 Samuel 28:5

28:5 When Saul saw the camp of the Philistines, he was absolutely terrified. ³⁴ 

1 Samuel 2:11

2:11 Then Elkanah went back home to Ramah. But the boy was serving the Lord under the supervision of ³⁵  Eli the priest.

1 Samuel 3:20

3:20 All Israel from Dan to Beer Sheba realized that Samuel was confirmed as a prophet of the Lord.

1 Samuel 21:10

21:10 So on that day David arose and fled from Saul. He went to King Achish of Gath.

1 Samuel 23:16

23:16 Then Jonathan son of Saul left and went to David at Horesh. He encouraged him ³⁶  through God.

1 Samuel 29:1

David Is Rejected by the Philistine Leaders

29:1 The Philistines assembled all their troops ³⁷  at Aphek, while Israel camped at the spring that is in Jezreel.

1 Samuel 17:1

David Kills Goliath

17:1 ³⁸ The Philistines gathered their troops ³⁹  for battle. They assembled at Socoh in Judah. They camped in Ephes Dammim, between Socoh and Azekah.

1 Samuel 17:48

17:48 The Philistine drew steadily closer to David to attack him, while David quickly ran toward the battle line to attack the Philistine. ⁴⁰ 

1 Samuel 22:9

22:9 But Doeg the Edomite, who had stationed himself with the servants of Saul, replied, “I saw this son of Jesse come to Ahimelech son of Ahitub at Nob.

1 Samuel 25:30

25:30 The Lord will do for my lord everything that he promised you, ⁴¹  and he will make ⁴²  you a leader over Israel.

1 Samuel 27:2

27:2 So David left and crossed over to King Achish son of Maoch of Gath accompanied by his six hundred men.

1 Samuel 6:8

6:8 Then take the ark of the Lord and place it on the cart, and put in a chest beside it the gold objects you are sending to him as a guilt offering. You should then send it on its way.

1 Samuel 9:24

9:24 So the cook picked up the leg and brought it and set it in front of Saul. Samuel ⁴³  said, “What was kept is now set before you! Eat, for it has been kept for you for this meeting time, from the time I said, ‘I have invited the people.’” So Saul ate with Samuel that day.

1 Samuel 26:6

26:6 David said to Ahimelech the Hittite and Abishai son of Zeruiah, Joab’s brother, “Who will go down with me to Saul in the camp?” Abishai replied, “I will go down with you.”

1 Samuel 12:6

12:6 Samuel said to the people, “The Lord is the one who chose Moses and Aaron and who brought your ancestors ⁴⁴  up from the land of Egypt.

1 Samuel 23:8

23:8 So Saul mustered all his army to go down to Keilah and besiege David and his men. ⁴⁵ 

1 Samuel 17:46

17:46 This very day the Lord will deliver you into my hand! I will strike you down and cut off your head. This day I will give the corpses of the Philistine army to the birds of the sky and the wild animals of the land. Then all the land will realize that Israel has a God

1 Samuel 17:52

17:52 Then the men of Israel and Judah charged forward, shouting a battle cry. ⁴⁶  They chased the Philistines to the valley ⁴⁷  and to the very gates of Ekron. The Philistine corpses lay fallen along the Shaaraim road to Gath and Ekron.

1 Samuel 18:27

18:27 when David, along with his men, went out ⁴⁸  and struck down two hundred Philistine men. David brought their foreskins and presented all of them to the king so he could become the king’s son-in-law. Saul then gave him his daughter Michal in marriage.

1 Samuel 30:22

30:22 But all the evil and worthless men among those who had gone with David said, “Since they didn’t go with us, ⁴⁹  we won’t give them any of the loot we retrieved! They may take only their wives and children. Let them lead them away and be gone!”

1 Samuel 12:1

12:1 Samuel said to all Israel, “I have done ⁵⁰  everything you requested. ⁵¹  I have given you a king. ⁵² 

1 Samuel 2:6

2:6 The Lord both kills and gives life;

he brings down to the grave ⁵³  and raises up.

1 Samuel 12:13

12:13 Now look! Here is the king you have chosen – the one that you asked for! Look, the Lord has given you a king!

1 Samuel 8:22

8:22 The Lord said to Samuel, “Do as they say ⁵⁴  and install a king over them.” Then Samuel said to the men of Israel, “Each of you go back to his own city.”

1 Samuel 21:8

21:8 David said to Ahimelech, “Is there no sword or spear here at your disposal? I don’t have my own sword or equipment in hand due to the urgency of the king’s instructions.”

1 Samuel 15:11

15:11 “I regret that I have made Saul king, for he has turned away from me and has not done what I told him to do.” Samuel became angry and he cried out to the Lord all that night.

1 Samuel 22:17

22:17 Then the king said to the messengers ⁵⁵  who were stationed beside him, “Turn and kill the priests of the Lord, for they too have sided ⁵⁶  with David! They knew he was fleeing, but they did not inform me.” But the king’s servants refused to harm ⁵⁷  the priests of the Lord.

1 Samuel 13:17

13:17 Raiding bands went out from the camp of the Philistines in three groups. One band turned toward the road leading to Ophrah by the land of Shual;

1 Samuel 16:21

16:21 David came to Saul and stood before him. Saul liked him a great deal, ⁵⁸  and he became his armor bearer.

1 Samuel 19:15-16

19:15 Then Saul sent the messengers back to see David, saying, “Bring him up to me on his bed so I can kill him.” 19:16 When the messengers came, they found only the idol on the bed and the quilt made of goat’s hair at its head.

1 Samuel 20:35

20:35 The next morning Jonathan, along with a young servant, went out to the field to meet David.

1 Samuel 15:6

15:6 Saul said to the Kenites, “Go on and leave! Go down from among the Amalekites! Otherwise I will sweep you away ⁵⁹  with them! After all, you were kind to all the Israelites when they came up from Egypt.” So the Kenites withdrew from among the Amalekites.

1 Samuel 6:5

6:5 You should make images of the sores and images of the mice ⁶⁰  that are destroying the land. You should honor the God of Israel. Perhaps he will release his grip on you, your gods, and your land. ⁶¹ 

1 Samuel 6:20

6:20 The residents of Beth Shemesh asked, “Who is able to stand before the Lord, this holy God? To whom will the ark ⁶²  go up from here?”

1 Samuel 10:9

Saul Becomes King

10:9 As Saul ⁶³  turned ⁶⁴  to leave Samuel, God changed his inmost person. ⁶⁵  All these signs happened on that very day.

1 Samuel 14:52

14:52 There was fierce war with the Philistines all the days of Saul. So whenever Saul saw anyone who was a warrior or a brave individual, he would conscript him.

1 Samuel 15:35

15:35 Until the day he ⁶⁶  died Samuel did not see Saul again. Samuel did, however, mourn for Saul, but the Lord regretted that he had made Saul king over Israel.

1 Samuel 18:1

Saul Comes to Fear David

18:1 When David ⁶⁷  had finished talking with Saul, Jonathan and David became bound together in close friendship. ⁶⁸  Jonathan loved David as much as he did his own life. ⁶⁹ 

1 Samuel 18:26

18:26 So his servants told David these things and David agreed ⁷⁰  to become the king’s son-in-law. Now the specified time had not yet expired ⁷¹ 

1 Samuel 19:22

19:22 Finally Saul ⁷²  himself went to Ramah. When he arrived at the large cistern that is in Secu, he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?” They said, “At Naioth in Ramah.”

1 Samuel 22:14

22:14 Ahimelech replied to the king, “Who among all your servants is faithful like David? He is the king’s son-in-law, the leader of your bodyguard, and honored in your house!

1 Samuel 22:19

22:19 As for Nob, the city of the priests, he struck down with the sword men and women, children and infants, oxen, donkeys, and sheep – all with the sword.

1 Samuel 23:5

23:5 So David and his men went to Keilah and fought the Philistines. He took away their cattle and thoroughly defeated them. ⁷³  David delivered the inhabitants of Keilah.

1 Samuel 24:2

24:2 So Saul took three thousand select men from all Israel and went to find ⁷⁴  David and his men in the region of ⁷⁵  the rocks of the mountain goats. ⁷⁶ 

1 Samuel 27:8

27:8 Then David and his men went up and raided the Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites. (They had been living in that land for a long time, from the approach ⁷⁷  to Shur as far as the land of Egypt.)

1 Samuel 28:22

28:22 Now it’s your turn to listen to your servant! Let me set before you a bit of bread so that you can eat. When you regain your strength, you can go on your way.”

1 Samuel 2:10

2:10 The Lord shatters ⁷⁸  his adversaries; ⁷⁹ 

he thunders against them from ⁸⁰  the heavens.

The Lord executes judgment to the ends of the earth.

He will strengthen ⁸¹  his king

and exalt the power ⁸²  of his anointed one.” ⁸³ 

1 Samuel 4:4

4:4 So the army ⁸⁴  sent to Shiloh, and they took from there the ark of the covenant of the Lord of hosts who sits between the cherubim. Now the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phineas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.

1 Samuel 6:15

6:15 The Levites took down the ark of the Lord and the chest that was with it, which contained the gold objects. They placed them near the big stone. At that time the people of Beth Shemesh offered burnt offerings and made sacrifices to the Lord.

1 Samuel 7:7

7:7 When the Philistines heard that the Israelites had gathered at Mizpah, the leaders of the Philistines went up against Israel. When the Israelites heard about this, they were afraid of the Philistines.

1 Samuel 9:12

9:12 They replied, “Yes, straight ahead! But hurry now, for he came to the town today, and the people are making a sacrifice at the high place.

1 Samuel 10:1

Samuel Anoints Saul

10:1 Then Samuel took a small container of olive oil and poured it on Saul’s ⁸⁵  head. Samuel ⁸⁶  kissed him and said, “The Lord has chosen you ⁸⁷  to lead his people Israel! You will rule over the Lord’s people and you will deliver them from the power of the enemies who surround them. This will be your sign that the Lord has chosen ⁸⁸  you as leader over his inheritance. ⁸⁹ 

1 Samuel 13:5

13:5 For the battle with Israel the Philistines had amassed 3,000 ⁹⁰  chariots, 6,000 horsemen, and an army as numerous as the sand on the seashore. They went up and camped at Micmash, east of Beth Aven.

1 Samuel 13:14

13:14 But now your kingdom will not continue! The Lord has sought out ⁹¹  for himself a man who is loyal to him ⁹²  and the Lord has appointed ⁹³  him to be leader over his people, for you have not obeyed what the Lord commanded you.”

[29:10]  ¹ tc The LXX and a couple of Old Latin mss include here the following words: “and you shall go to the place that I have appointed you. Don’t place an evil thing in your heart, for you are good before me.”

[29:10]  ² tn Heb “when you get up early in the morning and you have light, go.”

[5:3]  ³ tc The LXX adds “they entered the temple of Dagon and saw.”

[17:20]  ⁴ tn Heb “to a guard”; KJV, NASB, NRSV “with a keeper”; NIV “with a shepherd.” Since in contemporary English “guard” sounds like someone at a military installation or a prison, the present translation uses “to someone else who would watch over it.”

[17:20]  ⁵ tn Or “entrenchment.”

[2:35]  ⁶ tn Heb “house.”

[2:35]  ⁷ tn Heb “and he will walk about before my anointed one all the days.”

[2:8]  ⁸ tn Or “lowly”; Heb “insignificant.”

[2:8]  ⁹ tn The imperfect verbal form, which is parallel to the participle in the preceding line, is best understood here as indicating what typically happens.

[2:8]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “a seat of honor.”

[25:1]  ¹¹ tc The LXX reads “Maon” here instead of “Paran,” perhaps because the following account of Nabal is said to be in Maon (v. 2). This reading is followed by a number of English versions (e.g., NAB, NIV, NCV, NLT). The MT, however, reads “Paran,” a location which would parallel this portion of David’s life with that of the nation Israel which also spent time in Paran (Num 10:12). Also, the desert of Paran was on the southern border of Judah’s territory and would be the most isolated location for hiding from Saul.

[13:15]  ¹² tc The LXX and two Old Latin mss include the following words here: “on his way. And the rest of the people went up after Saul to meet the warring army. When they arrived from Gilgal….”

[13:15]  ¹³ tn Heb “at Gibeah of Benjamin.” The words “in the territory” are supplied in the translation for clarity (likewise in the following verse).

[23:13]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “they went where they went.”

[18:13]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:13]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “an officer of a thousand.”

[18:13]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and he went out and came in before the people.” See v. 16.

[8:5]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “judge” (also in v. 6).

[30:9]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “stood.” So also in v. 10.

[28:2]  ²⁰ tn Heb “the guardian for my head.”

[28:2]  ²¹ tn Heb “all the days.”

[18:5]  ²² tn Heb “it was good in the eyes of all the people and also in the eyes of the servants of Saul.”

[8:12]  ²³ tc The numbers of v. 12 are confused in the Greek and Syriac versions. For “fifties” the LXX has “hundreds.” The Syriac Peshitta has “heads of thousands and heads of hundreds and heads of fifties and heads of tens,” perhaps reflecting influence from Deut 1:15.

[10:19]  ²⁴ tc The translation follows many medieval Hebrew mss, the LXX, the Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate in reading לֹא (lo’, “not”) rather than the MT לוֹ (lo; “to him”). Some witnesses combine the variants, resulting in a conflated text. For example, a few medieval Hebrew mss have לֹא לוֹ (lo lo’; “to him, ‘No.’”). A few others have לֹא לִי (li lo’; “to me, ‘No.’”).

[22:7]  ²⁵ tc The MT has “to all of you.” If this reading is correct, we have here an example of a prepositional phrase functioning as the equivalent of a dative of advantage, which is not impossible from a grammatical point of view. However, the LXX, the Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate all have “and.” A conjunction rather than a preposition should probably be read on the front of this phrase.

[22:7]  ²⁶ tn Heb “officers of a thousand and officers of a hundred.”

[28:8]  ²⁷ tn Heb “Use divination for me with the ritual pit and bring up for me the one whom I say to you.”

[29:11]  ²⁸ tc Heb “to go in the morning to return.” With the exception of Origen and the Lucianic recension, the Old Greek tradition lacks the phrase “in the morning.” The Syriac Peshitta also omits it.

[15:12]  ²⁹ tn Heb “and look.”

[15:12]  ³⁰ tn Heb “and he turned and crossed over.”

[15:12]  ³¹ tc At the end of v. 12 the LXX and one Old Latin ms include the following words not found in the MT: “to Saul. And behold, he was offering as a burnt offering to the Lord the best of the spoils that he had brought from the Amalekites.”

[31:12]  ³² tc The translation follows the MT, which vocalizes the verb as a Qal. The LXX, however, treats the verb as a Hiphil, “they brought.”

[25:42]  ³³ tn Heb “going at her feet.”

[28:5]  ³⁴ tn Heb “he was afraid, and his heart was very terrified.”

[2:11]  ³⁵ tn Heb “with [or “before”] the face of.”

[23:16]  ³⁶ tn Heb “strengthened his hand.”

[29:1]  ³⁷ tn Heb “camps.”

[17:1]  ³⁸ tc The content of 1 Sam 17–18, which includes the David and Goliath story, differs considerably in the LXX as compared to the MT, suggesting that this story circulated in ancient times in more than one form. The LXX for chs. 17–18 is much shorter than the MT, lacking almost half of the material (39 of a total of 88 verses). Many scholars (e.g., McCarter, Klein) think that the shorter text of the LXX is preferable to the MT, which in their view has been expanded by incorporation of later material. Other scholars (e.g., Wellhausen, Driver) conclude that the shorter Greek text (or the Hebrew text that underlies it) reflects an attempt to harmonize certain alleged inconsistencies that appear in the longer version of the story. Given the translation characteristics of the LXX elsewhere in this section, it does not seem likely that these differences are due to deliberate omission of these verses on the part of the translator. It seems more likely that the Greek translator has faithfully rendered here a Hebrew text that itself was much shorter than the MT in these chapters. Whether or not the shorter text represented by the LXX is to be preferred over the MT in 1 Sam 17–18 is a matter over which textual scholars are divided. For a helpful discussion of the major textual issues in this unit see D. Barthélemy, D. W. Gooding, J. Lust, and E. Tov, The Story of David and Goliath (OBO). Overall it seems preferable to stay with the MT, at least for the most part. However, the major textual differences between the LXX and the MT will be mentioned in the notes that accompany the translation so that the reader may be alert to the major problem passages.

[17:1]  ³⁹ tn Heb “camps.”

[17:48]  ⁴⁰ tc Most LXX mss lack the second half of v. 48.

[25:30]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “according to all which he spoke, the good concerning you.”

[25:30]  ⁴² tn Heb “appoint.”

[9:24]  ⁴³ tn Heb “he” (also in v. 25); the referent (Samuel) has been specified in both places in the translation for clarity.

[12:6]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 7, 8).

[23:8]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “So Saul mustered all his army for battle to go down to Keilah to besiege against David and his men.”

[17:52]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “arose and cried out.”

[17:52]  ⁴⁷ tc Most of the LXX ms tradition has here “Gath.”

[18:27]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “arose and went.”

[30:22]  ⁴⁹ tc Heb “with me.” The singular is used rather than the plural because the group is being treated as a singular entity, in keeping with Hebrew idiom. It is not necessary to read “with us,” rather than the MT “with me,” although the plural can be found here in a few medieval Hebrew mss. See also the LXX, Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate, although these versions may simply reflect an understanding of the idiom as found in the MT rather than a different textual reading.

[12:1]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “Look, I have listened to your voice.”

[12:1]  ⁵¹ tn Heb “to all which you said to me.”

[12:1]  ⁵² tn Heb “and I have installed a king over you.”

[2:6]  ⁵³ tn Heb “Sheol”; NAB “the nether world”; CEV “the world of the dead.”

[8:22]  ⁵⁴ tn Heb “listen to their voice.”

[22:17]  ⁵⁵ tn Heb “runners.”

[22:17]  ⁵⁶ tn Heb “their hand is.”

[22:17]  ⁵⁷ tn Heb “to extend their hand to harm.”

[16:21]  ⁵⁸ tn Heb “he loved him.”

[15:6]  ⁵⁹ tc The translation follows the Syriac Peshitta and Vulgate which assume a reading אֶסִפְךָ (’esfÿka, “I sweep you away,” from the root ספה [sfh]) rather than the MT אֹסִפְךָ (’osifÿka, “I am gathering you,” from the root אסף[’sf]).

[6:5]  ⁶⁰ tn Heb “your mice.” A Qumran ms has simply “the mice.”

[6:5]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “Perhaps he will lighten his hand from upon you and from upon your gods and from upon your land.”

[6:20]  ⁶² tn Heb “he” or “it”; the referent here (the ark) has been specified in the translation for clarity (cf. also NIV, CEV, NLT). Others, however, take the referent to be the Lord himself.

[10:9]  ⁶³ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Saul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[10:9]  ⁶⁴ tn Heb “turned his shoulder.”

[10:9]  ⁶⁵ tn Heb “God turned for him another heart”; NAB, NRSV “gave him another heart”; NIV, NCV “changed Saul’s heart”; TEV “gave Saul a new nature”; CEV “made Saul feel like a different person.”

[15:35]  ⁶⁶ tn That is, Samuel.

[18:1]  ⁶⁷ tn Heb “he”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:1]  ⁶⁸ tn Heb “the soul of Jonathan was bound with the soul of David.”

[18:1]  ⁶⁹ tn Heb “like his [own] soul.”

[18:1]  sn On the nature of Jonathan’s love for David, see J. A. Thompson, “The Significance of the Verb Love in the David-Jonathan Narratives in 1 Samuel,” VT 24 (1974): 334-38.

[18:26]  ⁷⁰ tn Heb “and it was acceptable in the eyes of David.”

[18:26]  ⁷¹ tn Heb “the days were not fulfilled.”

[19:22]  ⁷² tn Heb “he” (also in v. 23). the referent (Saul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[23:5]  ⁷³ tn Heb “and struck them down with a great blow.”

[24:2]  ⁷⁴ tn Heb “to search [for].”

[24:2]  ⁷⁵ tn Heb “upon the face of.”

[24:2]  ⁷⁶ tn Or “the region of the Rocks of the Mountain Goats,” if this expression is understood as a place name (cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV, TEV, CEV).

[27:8]  ⁷⁷ tn Heb “from where you come.”

[2:10]  ⁷⁸ tn The imperfect verbal forms in this line and in the next two lines are understood as indicating what is typically true. Another option is to translate them with the future tense. See v. 10b.

[2:10]  ⁷⁹ tc The present translation follows the Qere, many medieval Hebrew manuscripts, the Syriac Peshitta, and the Vulgate in reading the plural (“his adversaries,” similarly many other English versions) rather than the singular (“his adversary”) of the Kethib.

[2:10]  ⁸⁰ tn The Hebrew preposition here has the sense of “from within.”

[2:10]  ⁸¹ tn The imperfect verbal forms in this and the next line are understood as indicating what is anticipated and translated with the future tense, because at the time of Hannah’s prayer Israel did not yet have a king.

[2:10]  ⁸² tn Heb “the horn,” here a metaphor for power or strength. Cf. NCV “make his appointed king strong”; NLT “increases the might of his anointed one.”

[2:10]  ⁸³ tc The LXX greatly expands v. 10 with an addition that seems to be taken from Jer 9:23-24.

[2:10]  sn The anointed one is the anticipated king of Israel, as the preceding line makes clear.

[4:4]  ⁸⁴ tn Or “people.”

[10:1]  ⁸⁵ tn Heb “his”; the referent (Saul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[10:1]  ⁸⁶ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Samuel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[10:1]  ⁸⁷ tn Heb “Is it not that the Lord has anointed you?” The question draws attention to the fact and is a rhetorical way of affirming the Lord’s choice of Saul. The translation reflects the rhetorical force of the question.

[10:1]  ⁸⁸ tn That is, “anointed.”

[10:1]  ⁸⁹ tc The MT reads simply “Is it not that the Lord has anointed you over his inheritance for a leader?” The translation follows the LXX. The MT apparently suffers from parablepsis, whereby a scribe’s eye jumped from the first occurrence of the expression “the Lord has anointed you” to the second occurrence of this expression at the end of v. 1. This mistake caused the accidental omission of the intervening material in the LXX, which appears to preserve the original Hebrew text here.

[13:5]  ⁹⁰ tn Many English versions (e.g., KJV, NASB, NRSV, TEV) read “30,000” here.

[13:14]  ⁹¹ tn This verb form, as well as the one that follows (“appointed”), indicates completed action from the standpoint of the speaker. This does not necessarily mean that the Lord had already conducted his search and made his choice, however. The forms may be used for rhetorical effect to emphasize the certainty of the action. The divine search for a new king is as good as done, emphasizing that the days of Saul’s dynasty are numbered.

[13:14]  ⁹² tn Heb “according to his heart.” The idiomatic expression means to be like-minded with another, as its use in 1 Sam 14:7 indicates.

[13:14]  ⁹³ tn Heb “commanded.”