Teks -- 1 Chronicles 25:1-31 (NET)

David Organizes the Musicians

25:1 David and the army officers selected some of the sons of Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun to prophesy as they played stringed instruments and cymbals. The following men were assigned this responsibility: 25:2 From the sons of Asaph: Zaccur, Joseph, Nethaniah, and Asarelah. The sons of Asaph were supervised by Asaph, who prophesied under the king’s supervision. 25:3 From the sons of Jeduthun: Gedaliah, Zeri, Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah– six in all, under supervision of their father Jeduthun, who prophesied as he played a harp, giving thanks and praise to the Lord. 25:4 From the sons of Heman: Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel, Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, Romamti-Ezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, and Mahazioth. 25:5 All these were the sons of Heman, the king’s prophet. God had promised him these sons in order to make him prestigious. God gave Heman fourteen sons and three daughters. 25:6 All of these were under the supervision of their fathers; they were musicians in the Lord’s temple, playing cymbals and stringed instruments as they served in God’s temple. Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman were under the supervision of the king. 25:7 They and their relatives, all of them skilled and trained to make music to the Lord, numbered two hundred eighty-eight. 25:8 They cast lots to determine their responsibilities– oldest as well as youngest, teacher as well as student. 25:9 The first lot went to Asaph’s son Joseph and his relatives and sons– twelve in all, the second to Gedaliah and his relatives and sons– twelve in all, 25:10 the third to Zaccur and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:11 the fourth to Izri and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:12 the fifth to Nethaniah and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:13 the sixth to Bukkiah and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:14 the seventh to Jesharelah and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:15 the eighth to Jeshaiah and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:16 the ninth to Mattaniah and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:17 the tenth to Shimei and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:18 the eleventh to Azarel and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:19 the twelfth to Hashabiah and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:20 the thirteenth to Shubael and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:21 the fourteenth to Mattithiah and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:22 the fifteenth to Jerimoth and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:23 the sixteenth to Hananiah and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:24 the seventeenth to Joshbekashah and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:25 the eighteenth to Hanani and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:26 the nineteenth to Mallothi and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:27 the twentieth to Eliathah and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:28 the twenty-first to Hothir and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:29 the twenty-second to Giddalti and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:30 the twenty-third to Mahazioth and his sons and relatives– twelve in all, 25:31 the twenty-fourth to Romamti-Ezer and his sons and relatives– twelve in all.

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Wesley: 1Ch 25:1 - And captains

All the princes of Israel, with the priests and the Levites, whom David gathered together, 1Ch 23:2, for this very end, that with their approbation and consent, all these things might be established; who are here fitly called the captains of the host; for the princes were, under David, the chief captains of the militia of the kingdom; and as the Levites are called an host, and the Lord's host, because of their number and order in holy ministrations; so these priests and Levites were the captains and governors of the rest.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:1 - Separated

Distributed them into their several ranks: which, tho' chiefly done by David as a prophet, and by Divine direction, yet is imputed in part to the captains of the host, because it was done with their concurrence and approbation.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:1 - The service

To the service of God under the conduct of these persons.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:1 - Prophecy

Praise God by singing the psalms of David, and other sacred songs made by themselves, who were prophets, or by other prophets or holy men of God.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:1 - Workmen

Of the persons employed in this sacred work. This good work it seems Samuel revived, but did not live to bring it to perfection. Let each in his day do what he can for God, tho' he cannot carry it so far as he would. When we are gone, God can raise up others to build on our foundation, and bring forth the top - stone.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:2 - Of Asaph

Under his direction.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:2 - Of the king

In such manner and order as David appointed.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:3 - Six

Jeduthun their father being included in that number: or Shimei, mentioned 1Ch 25:17.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:5 - The king's seer

He is called the king's seer, either because the king took special delight in him; or because he frequently attended the king in his palace, executing his sacred office there, while the rest were employed in the tabernacle.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:5 - In the words

To sing Divine songs as were inspired by God to the prophets or holy men of God.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:5 - The horn

To praise God with the sound of a trumpet or some other musical instrument made of horn, which being a martial kind of music, might be most grateful to David's martial spirit: tho' he was also skilled in other instruments of music which he used in the house of God.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:7 - Cunning

Who were so skilful that they were able to teach others; and together with their scholars, made up the four thousand mentioned 1Ch 23:5.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:8 - Ward

A course of Levites answerable to one of the priests, upon whom the Levites were to wait in their holy ministrations, 1Ch 23:28.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:8 - The scholar

Without any respect to their different ages or abilities.

Wesley: 1Ch 25:9 - To Joseph

For the family of Asaph, of which Joseph was. Here that clause, he, his sons, and his brethren were twelve, is to be understood, as it is expressed in all the following verses, otherwise they do not make up that number of two hundred and eighty - eight mentioned 1Ch 25:7.

JFB: 1Ch 25:1 - David and the captains of the host

That is, the princes (1Ch 23:2; 1Ch 24:6). It is probable that the king was attended on the occasion of arranging the singers by the same parties that are mentioned as having assisted him in regulating the order of the priests and Levites.

JFB: 1Ch 25:2 - according to the order of the king

Hebrew, "by the hands of the king," that is, "according to the king's order," under the personal superintendence of Asaph and his colleagues.

JFB: 1Ch 25:2 - which prophesied

That is, in this connection, played with instruments. This metaphorical application of the term "prophecy" most probably originated in the practice of the prophets, who endeavored to rouse their prophetic spirit by the animating influence of music (see on 2Ki 3:15). It is said that Asaph did this "according to David's order," because by royal appointment he officiated in the tabernacle on Zion (1Ch 16:37-41), while other leaders of the sacred music were stationed at Gibeon.

JFB: 1Ch 25:5 - Heman the king's seer

The title of "seer" or "prophet of David" is also given to Gad (1Ch 21:9), and to Jeduthun (2Ch 29:14-15), in the words (Margin, "matters") of God.

JFB: 1Ch 25:5 - to lift up the horn

That is, to blow loudly in the worship of God; or perhaps it means nothing more than that he presided over the wind instruments, as Jeduthun over the harp. Heman had been appointed at first to serve at Gibeon (1Ch 16:41). But his destination seems to have been changed at a subsequent period.

JFB: 1Ch 25:5 - God gave to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters

The daughters are mentioned, solely because from their musical taste and talents they formed part of the choir (Psa 68:25).

JFB: 1Ch 25:6-7 - All these were under the hands of their father

Asaph had four sons, Jeduthun six, and Heman fourteen, equal to twenty-four; making the musicians with their brethren the singers, an amount of two hundred eighty-eight. For, like the priests and Levites, they were divided into twenty-four courses of twelve men each, equal to two hundred eighty-eight, who served a week in rotation; and these, half of whom officiated every week with a proportionate number of assistants, were skilful and experienced musicians, capable of leading and instructing the general musical corps, which comprised no less than four thousand (1Ch 23:5).

JFB: 1Ch 25:8 - they cast lots, ward against ward

"Ward" is an old English word for "division" or "company." The lot was cast to determine the precedence of the classes or divisions over which the musical leaders presided; and, in order to secure an impartial arrangement of their order, the master and his assistants, the teacher and his scholars, in each class or company took part in this solemn casting of lots. In the first catalogue given in this chapter the courses are classed according to their employment as musicians. In the second, they are arranged in the order of their service.

Clarke: 1Ch 25:1 - David and the captains of the host

David and the captains of the host - The chiefs of those who formed the several orders: not military captains

Clarke: 1Ch 25:1 - Should prophesy

Should prophesy - Should accompany their musical instruments with prayer and singing.

Clarke: 1Ch 25:2 - Which prophesied

Which prophesied - Sung hymns and prayed. But the Targum understands this of prophesying in the proper sense of the term; and therefore says, "Who prophesied by the Holy Spirit."Jarchi is of the same opinion and quotes the case of Elisha, 2Ki 3:15; While the minstrel played, the hand of the Lord [i.e., the spirit of prophecy] was upon him.

Clarke: 1Ch 25:3 - The sons of Jeduthun - six

The sons of Jeduthun - six - That is, six with their father, otherwise, there are but five. Hence it is said, they were under the hands of their father Jeduthun, who prophesied with a harp, etc.

Clarke: 1Ch 25:5 - To lift up the horn

To lift up the horn - "The horn of prophecy,"says Jarchi; "to sound with the trumpet in the words of prophecy before the Lord."- T

Clarke: 1Ch 25:5 - Three daughters

Three daughters - These also were employed among the singers.

Clarke: 1Ch 25:7 - Two hundred fourscore and eight

Two hundred fourscore and eight - That it twelve classes of twenty-four Levites each; for two hundred and eighty-eight divided by twelve quotes twenty-four.

Clarke: 1Ch 25:9 - For Asaph to Joseph

For Asaph to Joseph - His first-born

Clarke: 1Ch 25:9 - The second to Gedaliah

The second to Gedaliah - The first-born of Jeduthun.

Clarke: 1Ch 25:10 - The third to Zaccur

The third to Zaccur - The first-born of Asaph.

Clarke: 1Ch 25:11 - The fourth to Izri

The fourth to Izri - The second son of Jeduthun.

Clarke: 1Ch 25:12 - The fifth to Nethaniah

The fifth to Nethaniah - The third son of Asaph. Thus we find the lot did not run in any particular kind of order.

Clarke: 1Ch 25:14 - Jesharelah

Jesharelah - Supposed to be the same with Uzziel, son of Heman.

Clarke: 1Ch 25:31 - Romamti-ezer

Romamti-ezer - Both these names belong to the same person. He is mentioned also 1Ch 25:4

With this immense parade of noise and show, (David’ s own invention), Christianity has nothing to do.

TSK: 1Ch 25:1 - the captains // Asaph // prophesy // harps

the captains : That is, the chief of the several orders; not military captains. 1Ch 12:28, 1Ch 23:2, 1Ch 24:5, 1Ch 24:6; 2Ch 23:1, 2Ch 23:9

Asaph : 1Ch 6:33, 1Ch 6:39, 1Ch 6:44, 1Ch 15:16-19

prophesy : The word prophesy, here, seems to mean no more than praising God by singing inspired prophetical hymns. 1Ch 25:3; 1Sa 10:5; 2Ki 3:15; 1Co 14:24-26

harps : 1Ch 15:16-21, 1Ch 16:4, 1Ch 16:5, 1Ch 16:42, 1Ch 23:5-7; 2Ch 23:13, 2Ch 29:25, 2Ch 29:26, 2Ch 31:2, 2Ch 34:12; Ezr 3:10, Ezr 3:11; Neh 12:24, Neh 12:27, Neh 12:43-46; Psa 81:2, Psa 92:1-3, Psa 150:3-5; Rev 15:2-4

TSK: 1Ch 25:2 - Asaph // Asarelah // under the hands // according to the order of the king

Asaph : 1Ch 25:1, 1Ch 6:39, 1Ch 15:17, 1Ch 16:5; Psa 73:1, Psa 74:1, Psa 75:1, Psa 76:1, Psa 77:1, Psa 78:1 *titles Psa 79:1, Psa 80:1, Psa 81:1, Psa 82:1, Psa 83:1 *titles

Asarelah : ""Otherwise called Jesharelah.""1Ch 25:14.

under the hands : 1Ch 25:3, 1Ch 25:6; Isa 3:6

according to the order of the king : Heb. by the hands of the king, 1Ch 25:6 *marg.

TSK: 1Ch 25:3 - Jeduthun // Gedaliah // Zeri // Jeshaiah // Mattithiah // six // to give thanks

Jeduthun : 1Ch 9:16, 1Ch 16:41, 1Ch 16:42; 2Ch 29:14

Gedaliah : 1Ch 25:9

Zeri : 1Ch 25:11, Izri

Jeshaiah : 1Ch 25:15

Mattithiah : 1Ch 25:21, 1Ch 15:18, 1Ch 15:21

six : ""With Shimei, mentioned 1Ch 25:17.""Shimei is not only mentioned in the parallel passage, but is supplied here by the Arabic version.

to give thanks : Psa 92:1; Jer 33:11

TSK: 1Ch 25:4 - Heman // Bukkiah // Mattaniah // Uzziel // Shebuel // Jerimoth // Hananiah // Hanani // Eliathah // Giddalti // Romamtiezer // Joshbekashah // Mallothi // Hothir

Heman : 1Ch 6:33, 1Ch 15:17, 1Ch 15:19, 1Ch 16:41, 1Ch 16:42; Psa 88:1 *title

Bukkiah : 1Ch 25:13

Mattaniah : 1Ch 25:16

Uzziel : 1Ch 25:18, Azareel, 1Ch 24:24

Shebuel : 1Ch 25:20, 1Ch 24:20, Shubael

Jerimoth : 1Ch 25:22, 1Ch 24:30

Hananiah : 1Ch 25:23

Hanani : 1Ch 25:25

Eliathah : 1Ch 25:27

Giddalti : 1Ch 25:29

Romamtiezer : 1Ch 25:31

Joshbekashah : 1Ch 25:24

Mallothi : 1Ch 25:26

Hothir : 1Ch 25:28, 1Ch 25:30

TSK: 1Ch 25:5 - the king’ s seer // words // to lift up // God gave

the king’ s seer : 1Ch 21:9; 1Sa 9:9

words : or, matters

to lift up : This may denote that he presided over those who used wind instruments.

God gave : 1Ch 28:5; Gen 33:5; Psa 127:3; Isa 8:18

TSK: 1Ch 25:6 - under the hands // for song // according to the king’ s order // Asaph

under the hands : 1Ch 25:2, 1Ch 25:3

for song : 1Ch 25:1-3, 1Ch 15:22, 1Ch 23:5; Psa 68:25; Eph 5:19; Col 3:16

according to the king’ s order : Heb. by the hands of the king, 1Ch 25:2 *marg.

Asaph : 1Ch 25:1-4

TSK: 1Ch 25:7 - two hundred

two hundred : These two hundred and eighty-eight, being twenty-four courses of twelve each, were more skilful than the other Levites; and being placed under the twenty-four sons of the chief singers, they had the four thousand before mentioned divided among them, to officiate by courses, according to their instructionscaps1 . caps0 1Ch 23:5.

TSK: 1Ch 25:8 - cast lots // ward against ward // the teacher

cast lots : 1Ch 24:5; Lev 16:8; 1Sa 14:41, 1Sa 14:42; Pro 16:33; Act 1:26

ward against ward : 1Ch 24:31, 1Ch 26:13, 1Ch 26:16; Neh 12:24

the teacher : Even among the twenty-four leaders, some were more expert than others; some were teachers, and others were scholars; but every one was taken by the solemn casting of lots, without any regard to these distinctions. Thus all things were disposed for the preserving of order, and avoiding all disputes about precedencecaps1 . tcaps0 here being no respect had, in this divine distribution, to birth, but the younger in course preceded the elder. 1Ch 15:22; 2Ch 23:13

TSK: 1Ch 25:9 - Joseph // the second

Joseph : 1Ch 25:2

the second : Dr. Geddes, chiefly on the authority of the Arabic, adds, ""who with his sons and brethren were twelve.""

TSK: 1Ch 25:10 - Zaccur

Zaccur : 1Ch 25:2

TSK: 1Ch 25:11 - Izri

Izri : יצרי [Strong’ s H3339], Izri , seems to be called צרי [Strong’ s H6874], Zeri , by the apheresis of י , yood . 1Ch 25:3, Zeri

TSK: 1Ch 25:12 - Nethaniah

Nethaniah : 1Ch 25:2

TSK: 1Ch 25:14 - Jesharelah

Jesharelah : This variation rises from the mutation of א , aleph , and י , yood ; the word being written in the parallel passage אשׂראלה [Strong’ s H841], Asarelah , and here, ישׂראלה [Strong’ s H3480], Jesarelah . 1Ch 25:2, Asarelah

TSK: 1Ch 25:18 - Azareel

Azareel : Probably this person was called by both names; or Uzziel may be a mistake for Azareel. In the Syriac and Arabic, the name is nearly the same in both places. 1Ch 25:4, Uzziel

TSK: 1Ch 25:19 - Hashabiah

Hashabiah : 1Ch 25:3

TSK: 1Ch 25:20 - Shubael

Shubael : 1Ch 25:4, Shebuel

TSK: 1Ch 25:30 - Mahazioth

Mahazioth : i.e. vision of a sign, 1Ch 25:4

TSK: 1Ch 25:31 - Romamtiezer

Romamtiezer : i.e. I have exalted help, 1Ch 25:4

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: 1Ch 25:1 - The captains of the host

The captains of the host both of the civil and sacred host, to wit, all the princes of Israel, with the priests and the Levites , whom David gathered together, 1Ch 23:2 , for this very end, that in their presence, and with their approbation and consent, all these things might be established; who are here fitly called the captains of the host ; for the princes were, under David, the chief captains or commanders of the militia or trained bands of the kingdom: and as the Levites are called a host and the Lord’ s host , Num 4:3 , and elsewhere, because of their number and order in holy ministrations; so these priests and Levites were the captains and governors of the rest. Separated , i.e. distributed them into their several ranks and orders; which, though chiefly done by David as a prophet, and by Divine direction, as hath been oft observed, yet is here imputed in part to the captains of the host, because it was done with their concurrence and approbation. To the service of the sons of Asaph , &c, i.e. to the service of God under the conduct and command of these persons. Who should prophesy , i.e. praise God by singing the Psalms of David, (of which See Poole "1Ch 16:7" ,) and other sacred songs made by themselves, who were prophets in some sort, or by other prophets or holy men of God. Or this action of theirs is called prophesying , because it had been formerly performed by the prophets; and the sons of the prophets; of which see 1Sa 10:5 19:20 2Ki 3:15 1Ch 15:19 . The number of the workmen of the persons employed in this sacred work.

Poole: 1Ch 25:2 - Under the hands of Asaph

Under the hands of Asaph i.e. under his oversight and direction. According to the order of the king; in such manner and order as David appointed.

Poole: 1Ch 25:3 - The sons of Jeduthun

The sons of Jeduthun or, his sons , (the construct form being used before the absolute, of which there are examples in Scripture,) Jeduthun , called by his father’ s name; otherwise they are not six , unless either Jeduthun their father be included in that number, or Shimei, mentioned 1Ch 25:17 , be one of them, as many learned men think. See the like, 1Ch 24:23 .

Poole: 1Ch 25:5 - The king’ s seer // the horn

The king’ s seer or prophet , which is the same thing, 1Sa 9:9 . Either he was a prophet as well as a singer; or he is thus called because he prophesied in the sense designed, 1Ch 25:1 . And he is called the king’ s seer , either because the king took special delight in him, or because he frequently attended upon the king in his palace, executing his sacred office there, while the rest were constantly employed in the tabernacle. In the words of God , i.e. to sing such Divine songs as were inspired by God to the prophets or holy men of God. To lift up the horn ; either,

1. Metaphorically, to extol and praise God for exalting

the horn (i.e. the power and kingdom) of David ; of which phrase see Psa 92:10 Psa 132:17 . Or rather,

2. Properly, to praise God with the sound of a trumpet, (as was usual, as 2Ch 5:12 13:12 ) or some other musical instrument made of horn, which being a martial kind of music, might be most grateful to David’ s martial spirit; though he was also skilled in other instruments of music, which he used in the house of God, as is expressed in the next verse.

Poole: 1Ch 25:6 - Under the hands // According to the king’ s order to Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman

Under the hands i.e. under his direction, as 1Ch 25:2 .

According to the king’ s order to Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman Heb. by the hands of the king, and of Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman , i.e. according to the king’ s appointment, and under the conduct of Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman.

Poole: 1Ch 25:7 - All that were cunning // Two hundred fourscore and eight

All that were cunning who were so skilful that they were able to teach others.

Two hundred fourscore and eight which, together with their scholars, make up the four thousand mentioned 1Ch 23:5 .

Poole: 1Ch 25:8 - Ward against ward

Ward against ward i.e. a ward, or rank, or course of Levites answerable to one of the priests, upon whom the Levites were to wait in their holy ministrations, 1Ch 23:28 . As well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar, without any respect to their different ages or abilities.

Poole: 1Ch 25:9 - For Asaph to Joseph // To Gedaliah, who

For Asaph to Joseph i.e. for the family of Asaph, of which Joseph was. Here that clause, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve , is to be understood, as it is expressed in all the following verses, otherwise they do not make up that number of two hundred and eighty-eight mentioned 1Ch 25:7 .

To Gedaliah, who Heb. he ; which word being here expressed, is rightly understood and supplied in the rest.

Haydock: 1Ch 25:1 - Army // Idithun // Prophecy // Harps // Psalteries // According

Army; the chief magistrates of the state and of the church. (Tirinus) (Chap. xxiv. 6, 31.) ---

The priests, &c., were all divided into twenty-four classes, each having twelve masters to preside, ver. 7. (Calmet) ---

Idithun, or Ethan, chap vi. 44., and xv. 19., (Worthington) and 3 Kings iv. 31. ---

The twenty-four sons of these three, who were chief musicians under David and Solomon, presided over the bands: eleven other inferior masters helped to instruct the rest, ver. 9. ---

Prophecy, or play on instruments. ---

Harps. "Kinnor" means also the "guitar." (Calmet) ---

Vulgate has, lyras, chap. xv. 16. ---

Psalteries. Hebrew, " nebalim. " (Menochius) ---

The Jews pretend that the singers were inspired commonly, when they sounded forth God's praises in the temple, as Eliseus was, 4 Kings iii. 15. (Lyranus; Estius) ---

But they may be said to prophesy, because they sung the composition of the prophets. (Worthington) ---

According. Hebrew, "and the number of the workmen, (or experienced musicians) according to their service, was." (Haydock) ---

The chiefs of the twenty-four bands were carefully selected.

Haydock: 1Ch 25:2 - King

King, who sat in a separate tribune. Asaph presided in the royal city, at court, and in the tabernacle, while some of the singers were fixed at Gabaon, chap. xvi. 7, 37, and 41. (Calmet) ---

Hebrew may signify, "at the king's command. (Pagnin) ---

He sometimes condescended to direct the singers, ver. 6. (Haydock)

Haydock: 1Ch 25:3 - Of Idithun // Harp

Of Idithun; or, altering the punctuation, (Du Hamel) "Now the sons of Idithun, the first-born, Godolias (Haydock) Sori, or Isari, ver. 11. Thus, the number six, will be complete: otherwise we much acknowledge that Idithun, the father, is counted with his children; or that a name is lost, perhaps that of Semeias, (ver. 17.; Calmet) as [the] Alexandrian Septuagint has Semei before Hasabias. (Haydock) ---

Harp, ( kinnor. ) This was the distinctive instrument of this band, as the horn was of Heman's. (Calmet)

Haydock: 1Ch 25:5 - Seer // To lift up the horn // Daughters

Seer; a title usually given to the real prophets, who foresee future things. (Menochius) ---

Gad has this title, 2 Paralipomenon xxiv. 11. But Heman's office was to proclaim the words of God, with the sound of the horn. This musician had formerly been fixed at Gabaon, chap. xvi. 41. (Calmet) ---

To lift up the horn, or to sing those psalms, which regarded the kingdom of David, and of Christ, as others were composed for the instruction of the people. (Tirinus) ---

Daughters. These are specified, only because they joined with their brethren, in singing in the temple. (Abulensis, q. 14.) (Menochius) ---

At least, we find that there were bands of young women, in the solemn procession. (Haydock) (Chap. xv. 20., and Psalm lxvii. 26.) (Calmet)

Haydock: 1Ch 25:6 - Near // To wit

Near. Hebrew, "under the hand of the king," who presided over a band of musicians, as well as Asaph; (Calmet) or he directed all, particularly giving his instructions to Asaph, &c. ---

To wit in not in Hebrew, "by the order of the king to Asaph." (Haydock)

Haydock: 1Ch 25:7 - Eight

Eight, comprising the twenty-four princes, and the eleven secondary masters of each of the bands, or twelve times twenty-four, ver. 1.

Haydock: 1Ch 25:8 - Unlearned

Unlearned. Hebrew and Septuagint, "the scholars." (Haydock) ---

After the singers had been distributed into twenty-four classes, pretty equal in number, lots decided which of then should serve first, (Menochius) as had been done with the priests, chap. xxiv. 31. See chap. xxvi. 13.

Haydock: 1Ch 25:9 - Asaph

Asaph. Add, "to him, and (Haydock) to his sons, and his brethren, twelve," who taught the rest. Unless these twelve be admitted, (Tirinus) as in the sequel, (Haydock) the number 288 will not be found, ver. 7. (Tirinus) ---

Septuagint is very confused: "And the first (entire) lot of his sons and brethren came out to Asaph, of Joseph, Godolias: the second Enia, his brethren, and his sons, twelve." Hebrew, "the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph; the second to," &c. (Protestants) In all the subsequent verses they read, " he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve." Why Asaph should be mentioned any more than Idithun or Heman, does not appear. Their children are placed indiscriminately by lot. (Haydock)

Haydock: 1Ch 25:14 - Isreela

Isreela; probably Oziel, ver. 4. (Calmet)

Gill: 1Ch 25:1 - Moreover, David and the captains of the host separated to the service // of the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun // who should prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals // and the number of the workmen, according to their service, was

Moreover, David and the captains of the host separated to the service,.... Of singing the praises of God; this was done by the princes of the people, and the chief of the priests, who were gathered together, and before whom the lots were cast, both for priests and Levites, and now here for the singers, see 1Ch 22:2 and those that were separated were

of the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun; or Ethan, the three precentors, or chief of the singers:

who should prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals; sing psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs, endited by the Holy Spirit of God; which contained in them prophecies concerning things to come, particularly relating to the Messiah, of which there are many in the book of Psalms; and to the tunes of these they played on the above instruments of music:

and the number of the workmen, according to their service, was; as follows.

Gill: 1Ch 25:2 - Of the sons of Asaph // Zaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asarelah // under the hands of Asaph // which prophesied according to the order of the king

Of the sons of Asaph,.... Who were separated, and by lot appointed, to the service of singers in the temple:

Zaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asarelah; called Jesharelah, 1Ch 25:14, these had the third fourth, fifth, and seventh lots, 1Ch 25:9,

under the hands of Asaph; under his instruction and authority:

which prophesied according to the order of the king; which Asaph composed psalms under the inspiration of the Spirit of God, and was ordered by King David to sing them, and by whose command they were inserted in the book of Psalms, where they now stand with his name to them.

Gill: 1Ch 25:3 - Of Jeduthun // Gedaliah and Zeri // and Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, six // were under the hands of their father Jeduthun // who prophesied with a harp // to give thanks, and to praise the Lord

Of Jeduthun,.... Or Ethan, the sons of Jeduthun:

Gedaliah and Zeri; called Izri, 1Ch 25:11,

and Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, six; whereas five only are mentioned; it may be thought that Shimei, 1Ch 25:17 is the sixth, he not being mentioned elsewhere; it is a tradition of the Jews, that his mother was now with child of him, and it being foreseen by the Holy Spirit that he would be the chief of a course, the number six is given, as Jarchi observes; but rather, as Kimchi, he was young, and not fit to sing, yet was chosen the head of a course, until he was grown up and fit for it; to these six came up the second, fourth, eighth, twelfth, fourteenth, and tenth lots, 1Ch 25:9 and these

were under the hands of their father Jeduthun; to instruct and direct them, and appoint their service to them:

who prophesied with a harp; or sung a prophetic psalm or hymn on that:

to give thanks, and to praise the Lord; for what he had done and promised, and foretold he would do for his people.

Gill: 1Ch 25:4 - Of Heman: the sons of Heman // Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel // Shebuel // and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamtiezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, and Mahazioth

Of Heman: the sons of Heman,.... The third chief singer:

Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel; the same with Azareel, 1Ch 25:18.

Shebuel; called Shubael, 1Ch 25:20.

and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamtiezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, and Mahazioth; in all fourteen, to whom came the sixth, ninth, eleventh, fifteenth, sixteenth, eighteenth, twentieth, twenty second, twenty fourth, seventeenth, nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty third lots, 1Ch 25:13.

Gill: 1Ch 25:5 - All these were the sons of Heman, the king's seer // in the words of God // to lift up the horn // and God gave to Heman fourteen sons // and three daughters

All these were the sons of Heman, the king's seer,.... The prophet of the king, as the Targum, who was frequently with him, assisting him

in the words of God: in divine things:

to lift up the horn; to blow with the hornpipe or trumpet, and to magnify and set forth the greatness of the kingdom of Israel, and especially of the King Messiah, the horn of salvation, that would be raised up in the house of David:

and God gave to Heman fourteen sons; whose names are before mentioned:

and three daughters; of whom we have no more account, only may observe, that both are the gifts of God, and an heritage from him, Psa 127:3.

Gill: 1Ch 25:6 - All these were under the hands of their father, for song in the house of the Lord // with cymbals, psalteries, and harps, for the service of the house of God // according to the king's order, to Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman

All these were under the hands of their father, for song in the house of the Lord,.... Instructed and directed by him in the performance of the service in the temple:

with cymbals, psalteries, and harps, for the service of the house of God; which were the three principal instruments of music used in the temple service:

according to the king's order, to Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman; who ordered and directed them what to sing, what tunes to make use of, and what instruments to play upon to those tunes.

Gill: 1Ch 25:7 - So the number of them, with their brethren // that were instructed in the songs of the Lord // even all that were cunning // was two hundred and eighty eight

So the number of them, with their brethren,.... Who each of them had twelve with them, as after reckoned:

that were instructed in the songs of the Lord; taught how to sing them:

even all that were cunning; expert and well skilled in the science of singing:

was two hundred and eighty eight; for there being twenty four classes answerable to those of the priests, and twelve in each class, twelve times twenty four makes two hundred and eighty eight.

Gill: 1Ch 25:8 - And they cast lots, ward against ward // as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar

And they cast lots, ward against ward,.... That is, which ward or course of the singers should answer to and attend on the first ward or course of the priests in their weekly service, and which the second, and so on:

as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar; no regard was had to the age of a person, his being the firstborn or a younger brother, or to his office and station, whether as a teacher or a learner in the science of singing; he was made the head of a course, as the lot came up; and it may easily be observed, by comparing the lots in the following verses with the sons of the chief singers, according to the order of them in 1Ch 25:2 that the younger are often preferred in the courses by lot to the elder, of which even the first lot is an instance.

Gill: 1Ch 25:9-31 - Now the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph // the second to Gedaliah, who with his brethren and sons were twelve

Now the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph,.... His second son to the preference of the firstborn, 1Ch 25:2,

the second to Gedaliah, who with his brethren and sons were twelve: and which must also be understood of Joseph, and supplied to him; for those being both in one verse, as Jarchi observes, it is but once mentioned, but must be supplied, or otherwise the number of two hundred and eighty eight could not be made up; the same is observed of all the other lots and courses to the end of the chapter as here, and therefore need no more remarks.