Kejadian 1:31

1:31 God saw all that he had made – and it was very good! ¹  There was evening, and there was morning, the sixth day.

Kejadian 10:2-5

10:2 The sons of Japheth ²  were Gomer, ³  Magog, ⁴  Madai, ⁵  Javan, ⁶  Tubal, ⁷  Meshech, ⁸  and Tiras. ⁹  10:3 The sons of Gomer were ¹⁰  Askenaz, ¹¹  Riphath, ¹²  and Togarmah. ¹³  10:4 The sons of Javan were Elishah, ¹⁴  Tarshish, ¹⁵  the Kittim, ¹⁶  and the Dodanim. ¹⁷  10:5 From these the coastlands of the nations were separated into their lands, every one according to its language, according to their families, by their nations.

Kejadian 10:14

10:14 Pathrusites, ¹⁸  Casluhites ¹⁹  (from whom the Philistines came), ²⁰  and Caphtorites. ²¹ 

Kejadian 10:27-28

10:27 Hadoram, Uzal, ²²  Diklah, ²³  10:28 Obal, ²⁴  Abimael, ²⁵  Sheba, ²⁶ 

[1:31]  ¹ tn The Hebrew text again uses הִנֵּה (hinneh) for the sake of vividness. It is a particle that goes with the gesture of pointing, calling attention to something.

[10:2]  ² sn The Greek form of the name Japheth, Iapetos, is used in Greek tradition for the ancestor of the Greeks.

[10:2]  ³ sn Gomer was the ancestor of the Cimmerians. For a discussion of the Cimmerians see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 49-61.

[10:2]  ⁴ sn For a discussion of various proposals concerning the descendants of Magog see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 22-24.

[10:2]  ⁵ sn Madai was the ancestor of the Medes, who lived east of Assyria.

[10:2]  ⁶ sn Javan was the father of the Hellenic race, the Ionians who lived in western Asia Minor.

[10:2]  ⁷ sn Tubal was the ancestor of militaristic tribes that lived north of the Black Sea. For a discussion of ancient references to Tubal see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 24-26.

[10:2]  ⁸ sn Meshech was the ancestor of the people known in Assyrian records as the Musku. For a discussion of ancient references to them see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 24-26.

[10:2]  ⁹ sn Tiras was the ancestor of the Thracians, some of whom possibly became the Pelasgian pirates of the Aegean.

[10:3]  ¹⁰ sn The descendants of Gomer were all northern tribes of the Upper Euphrates.

[10:3]  ¹¹ sn Askenaz was the ancestor of a northern branch of Indo-Germanic tribes, possibly Scythians. For discussion see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 63.

[10:3]  ¹² sn The descendants of Riphath lived in a district north of the road from Haran to Carchemish.

[10:3]  ¹³ sn Togarmah is also mentioned in Ezek 38:6, where it refers to Til-garimmu, the capital of Kammanu, which bordered Tabal in eastern Turkey. See E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 26, n. 28.

[10:4]  ¹⁴ sn The descendants of Elishah populated Cyprus.

[10:4]  ¹⁵ sn The descendants of Tarshish settled along the southern coast of what is modern Turkey. However, some identify the site Tarshish (see Jonah 1:3) with Sardinia or Spain.

[10:4]  ¹⁶ sn The name Kittim is associated with Cyprus, as well as coastlands east of Rhodes. It is used in later texts to refer to the Romans.

[10:4]  ¹⁷ tc Most of the MT mss read “Dodanim” here, but 1 Chr 1:7 has “Rodanim,” perhaps referring to the island of Rhodes. But the Qere reading in 1 Chr 1:7 suggests “Dodanim.” Dodona is one of the most ancient and revered spots in ancient Greece.

[10:14]  ¹⁸ sn The Pathrusites are known in Egyptian as P-to-reshi; they resided in Upper Egypt.

[10:14]  ¹⁹ sn The Casluhites lived in Crete and eventually settled east of the Egyptian Delta, between Egypt and Canaan.

[10:14]  ²⁰ tn Several commentators prefer to reverse the order of the words to put this clause after the next word, since the Philistines came from Crete (where the Caphtorites lived). But the table may suggest migration rather than lineage, and the Philistines, like the Israelites, came through the Nile Delta region of Egypt. For further discussion of the origin and migration of the Philistines, see D. M. Howard, “Philistines,” Peoples of the Old Testament World, 232.

[10:14]  ²¹ sn The Caphtorites resided in Crete, but in Egyptian literature Caphtor refers to “the region beyond” the Mediterranean.

[10:27]  ²² sn Uzal was the name of the old capital of Yemen.

[10:27]  ²³ sn The name Diklah means “date-palm.”

[10:28]  ²⁴ sn Obal was a name used for several localities in Yemen.

[10:28]  ²⁵ sn The name Abimael is a genuine Sabean form which means “my father, truly, he is God.”

[10:28]  ²⁶ sn The descendants of Sheba lived in South Arabia, where the Joktanites were more powerful than the Hamites.