Amos 1:6

1:6 This is what the Lord says:

“Because Gaza ¹  has committed three crimes ²  –

make that four! ³  – I will not revoke my decree of judgment. ⁴ 

They deported a whole community ⁵  and sold them ⁶  to Edom.

Amos 5:6

5:6 Seek the Lord so you can live!

Otherwise he will break out ⁷  like fire against Joseph’s ⁸  family; ⁹ 

the fire ¹⁰  will consume

and no one will be able to quench it and save Bethel. ¹¹ 

[1:6]  ¹ sn Gaza was one of the five major Philistine cities (along with Ashdod, Ashkelon, Ekron, and Gath). It was considered to mark the southern limit of Canaan at the point on the coast where it was located (Gen 10:19).

[1:6]  ² tn Traditionally, “transgressions” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV) or “sins” (NIV). For an explanation of the atrocities outlined in this oracle as treaty violations of God’s mandate to Noah in Gen 9:5-7, see the note on the word “violations” in 1:3.

[1:6]  ³ tn Heb “Because of three violations of Gaza, even because of four.”

[1:6]  sn On the three…four style that introduces each of the judgment oracles of chaps. 1-2 see the note on the word “four” in 1:3.

[1:6]  ⁴ tn Heb “I will not bring it [or “him”] back.” The translation understands the pronominal object to refer to the decree of judgment that follows; the referent (the decree) has been specified in the translation for clarity. For another option see the note on the word “judgment” in 1:3.

[1:6]  ⁵ tn Heb “[group of] exiles.” A number of English translations take this as a collective singular and translate it with a plural (e.g., NAB, NIV, NRSV).

[1:6]  ⁶ tn Heb “in order to hand them over.”

[5:6]  ⁷ tn Heb “rush.” The verb depicts swift movement.

[5:6]  ⁸ sn Here Joseph (= Ephraim and Manasseh), as the most prominent of the Israelite tribes, represents the entire northern kingdom.

[5:6]  ⁹ tn Heb “house.”

[5:6]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[5:6]  ¹¹ tn Heb “to/for Bethel.” The translation assumes that the preposition indicates advantage, “on behalf of.” Another option is to take the preposition as vocative, “O Bethel.”