11:1 Then 18 a measuring rod 19 like a staff was given to me, and I was told, 20 “Get up and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and the ones who worship there.
18:20 (Rejoice over her, O heaven,
and you saints and apostles and prophets,
for God has pronounced judgment 29 against her on your behalf!) 30
21:5 And the one seated on the throne said: “Look! I am making all things new!” Then 31 he said to me, “Write it down, 32 because these words are reliable 33 and true.”
1 tn Grk “her children,” but in this context a reference to this woman’s followers or disciples is more likely meant.
2 tn Grk “I will kill with death.” θάνατος (qanatos) can in particular contexts refer to a manner of death, specifically a contagious disease (see BDAG 443 s.v. 3; L&N 23.158).
3 tn Grk “I will give.” The sense of δίδωμι (didwmi) in this context is more “repay” than “give.”
4 sn This pronoun and the following one are plural in the Greek text.
5 tn Grk “each one of you according to your works.”
6 tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.”
7 tn Grk “keeps.” In a context that speaks of “holding on to what you have,” the idea here is one of continued faithful behavior (BDAG 1002 s.v. τηρέω 3 has “ὁ τηρῶν τὰ ἔργα μου the one who takes my deeds to heart Rv 2:26”).
8 tn Or “over the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of new but related material.
10 tn Grk “who were sealed.”
11 tn Normally, “every,” but since 144,000 is the total number, “all” is clearer here.
12 tn Grk “the sons of Israel,” normally an idiom for the Israelites as an ethnic entity (L&N 11.58). However, many scholars understand the expression in this context to refer to Christians rather than ethnic Israelites.
13 tn An allusion to Isa 49:10. The phrase “burning heat” is one word in Greek (καῦμα, kauma) that refers to a burning, intensely-felt heat. See BDAG 536 s.v.
14 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
15 tn The dative indirect object (αὐταῖς, autais) was converted into the subject (“they”) as this more closely approximates English usage. The following ἵ῞να (Jina) is taken as substantival, introducing a direct object clause. In this case, because it is reported speech, the ἵνα is similar to the declarative ὅτι (Joti).
16 tn Grk “men”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense here of both men and women.
17 tn The article τῶν (twn) has been translated as a possessive pronoun here (ExSyn 215).
18 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
19 tn Grk “a reed” (but these were used for measuring). Cf. Ezek 40:3ff.
20 tn Grk “saying.”
21 tn Grk “hearts.”
22 tn Or “his intent.”
23 tn The infinitive ποιῆσαι (poihsai) was translated here as giving the logical means by which God’s purpose was carried out.
24 tn On this term BDAG 203 s.v. γνώμη 4 states, “declaration, decision, resolution…of God Rv 17:17.”
25 tn For this translation see BDAG 168 s.v. βασιλεία 1.a, “kingship, royal power, royal rule.”
26 tn Or “completed.”
27 tn The word “others” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
28 tn On this term BDAG 252 s.v. διπλόω states, “to double τὰ διπλᾶ pay back double Rv 18:6.”
29 tn On the phrase “pronounced judgment” BDAG 567 s.v. κρίμα 4.b states, “The OT is the source of the expr. κρίνειν τὸ κρ. (cp. Zech 7:9; 8:16; Ezk 44:24) ἔκρινεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ κρίμα ὑμῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς God has pronounced judgment for you against her or God has pronounced on her the judgment she wished to impose on you (HHoltzmann, Hdb. 1893 ad loc.) Rv 18:20.”
30 tn Grk “God has judged a judgment of you of her.” Verse 20 is set in parentheses because in it the saints, etc. are addressed directly in the second person.
sn This verse forms a parenthetical aside in the narrative.
31 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
32 tn The words “it down” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
33 tn Grk “faithful.”