12:1 These are the statutes and ordinances you must be careful to obey as long as you live in the land the Lord, the God of your ancestors, 6 has given you to possess. 7
16:18 You must appoint judges and civil servants 9 for each tribe in all your villages 10 that the Lord your God is giving you, and they must judge the people fairly. 11
18:20 “But if any prophet presumes to speak anything in my name that I have not authorized 12 him to speak, or speaks in the name of other gods, that prophet must die.
19:15 A single witness may not testify 13 against another person for any trespass or sin that he commits. A matter may be legally established 14 only on the testimony of two or three witnesses.
32:38 who ate the best of their sacrifices,
and drank the wine of their drink offerings?
Let them rise and help you;
let them be your refuge!
1 tn Heb “command”; KJV, NASB, NRSV “charge Joshua.”
2 tn Heb “in the midst of” (so ASV).
3 sn This is the first occurrence of the word בְּרִית (bÿrit, “covenant”) in the Book of Deuteronomy but it appears commonly hereafter (4:23, 31; 5:2, 3; 7:9, 12; 8:18; 9:9, 10, 11, 15; 10:2, 4, 5, 8; 17:2; 29:1, 9, 12, 14, 15, 18, 21, 25; 31:9, 16, 20, 25, 26; 33:9). Etymologically, it derives from the notion of linking or yoking together. See M. Weinfeld, TDOT 2:255.
4 tn Heb “the ten words.”
5 tn The words “I say this” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text v. 16 is subordinated to “Be careful” in v. 15, but this makes for an unduly long sentence in English.
6 tn Heb “fathers.”
7 tn Heb “you must be careful to obey in the land the
8 sn When the bondslave’s ear was drilled through to the door, the door in question was that of the master’s house. In effect, the bondslave is declaring his undying and lifelong loyalty to his creditor. The scar (or even hole) in the earlobe would testify to the community that the slave had surrendered independence and personal rights. This may be what Paul had in mind when he said “I bear on my body the marks of Jesus” (Gal 6:17).
9 tn The Hebrew term וְשֹׁטְרִים (vÿshoterim), usually translated “officers” (KJV, NCV) or “officials” (NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT), derives from the verb שֹׁטֵר (shoter, “to write”). The noun became generic for all types of public officials. Here, however, it may be appositionally epexegetical to “judges,” thus resulting in the phrase, “judges, that is, civil officers,” etc. Whoever the שֹׁטְרִים are, their task here consists of rendering judgments and administering justice.
10 tn Heb “gates.”
11 tn Heb “with judgment of righteousness”; ASV, NASB “with righteous judgment.”
12 tn Or “commanded” (so KJV, NAB, NIV, NRSV).
13 tn Heb “rise up” (likewise in v. 16).
14 tn Heb “may stand.”
15 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
16 tn Heb “plaster” (so KJV, ASV; likewise in v. 4). In the translation “cover” has been used for stylistic reasons.
17 tn Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV); CEV “will give you a lot of children.”
18 tn Heb “the
19 tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 36, 64).