12:13 Now 1 when the dragon realized 2 that he had been thrown down to the earth, he pursued the woman who had given birth to the male child.
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” because the clause it introduces is clearly resumptive.
2 tn Grk “saw.”
3 tn Grk “it”; the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4 tn The prepositional phrase “since the foundation of the world” is traditionally translated as a modifier of the immediately preceding phrase in the Greek text, “the Lamb who was killed” (so also G. B. Caird, Revelation [HNTC], 168), but it is more likely that the phrase “since the foundation of the world” modifies the verb “written” (as translated above). Confirmation of this can be found in Rev 17:8 where the phrase “written in the book of life since the foundation of the world” occurs with no ambiguity.
5 tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”
6 tn Grk “earth, telling.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek.
sn He told followed by an infinitive (“to make an image…”) is sufficiently ambiguous in Greek that it could be taken as “he ordered” (so NIV) or “he persuaded” (so REB).