Keluaran 1:13

1:13 and they ¹  made the Israelites serve rigorously. ² 

Keluaran 5:10

5:10 So the slave masters of the people and their foremen went to the Israelites and said, ³  “Thus says Pharaoh: ‘I am not giving ⁴  you straw.

Keluaran 5:21

5:21 and they said to them, “May the Lord look on you and judge, ⁵  because you have made us stink ⁶  in the opinion of ⁷  Pharaoh and his servants, ⁸  so that you have given them an excuse to kill us!” ⁹ 

Yesaya 5:30

5:30 At that time ¹⁰  they will growl over their prey, ¹¹ 

it will sound like sea waves crashing against rocks. ¹² 

One will look out over the land and see the darkness of disaster,

clouds will turn the light into darkness. ¹³ 

¹ tn Heb “the Egyptians.” For stylistic reasons this has been replaced by the pronoun “they” in the translation.

² tn Heb “with rigor, oppression.”

³ tn Heb “went out and spoke to the people saying.” Here “the people” has been specified as “the Israelites” for clarity.

⁴ tn The construction uses the negative particle combined with a subject suffix before the participle: אֵינֶנִּי נֹתֵן (’enenni noten, “there is not I – giving”).

⁵ tn The foremen vented their anger on Moses and Aaron. The two jussives express their desire that the evil these two have caused be dealt with. “May Yahweh look on you and may he judge” could mean only that God should decide if Moses and Aaron are at fault, but given the rest of the comments it is clear the foremen want more. The second jussive could be subordinated to the first – “so that he may judge [you].”

⁶ tn Heb “you have made our aroma stink.”

⁷ tn Heb “in the eyes of.”

⁸ tn Heb “in the eyes of his servants.” This phrase is not repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.

⁹ tn Heb “to put a sword in their hand to kill us.” The infinitive construct with the lamed (לָתֶת, latet) signifies the result (“so that”) of making the people stink. Their reputation is now so bad that Pharaoh might gladly put them to death. The next infinitive could also be understood as expressing result: “put a sword in their hand so that they can kill us.”

¹⁰ tn Or “in that day” (KJV).

¹¹ tn Heb “over it”; the referent (the prey) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹² tn Heb “like the growling of the sea.”

¹³ tn Heb “and one will gaze toward the land, and look, darkness of distress, and light will grow dark by its [the land’s?] clouds.”

sn The motif of light turning to darkness is ironic when compared to v. 20. There the sinners turn light (= moral/ethical good) to darkness (= moral/ethical evil). Now ironically the Lord will turn light (= the sinners’ sphere of existence and life) into darkness (= the judgment and death).