Imamat 11:13-15

Clean and Unclean Birds

11:13 “‘These you are to detest from among the birds – they must not be eaten, because they are detestable: ¹  the griffon vulture, the bearded vulture, the black vulture, 11:14 the kite, the buzzard of any kind, ²  11:15 every kind of crow, ³ 

Imamat 11:21-22

11:21 However, this you may eat from all the winged swarming things that walk on all fours, which have jointed legs ⁴  to hop with on the land. 11:22 These you may eat from them: ⁵  the locust of any kind, the bald locust of any kind, the cricket of any kind, the grasshopper of any kind.

Imamat 11:24

Carcass Uncleanness

11:24 “‘By these ⁶  you defile yourselves; anyone who touches their carcass will be unclean until the evening,

Imamat 11:29

Creatures that Swarm on the Land

11:29 “‘Now this is what is unclean to you among the swarming things that swarm on the land: ⁷  the rat, the mouse, the large lizard of any kind,

Imamat 11:41

11:41 Every swarming thing that swarms on the land is detestable; it must not be eaten.

Imamat 11:43-44

11:43 Do not make yourselves detestable by any of the swarming things. ⁸  You must not defile yourselves by them and become unclean by them, 11:44 for I am the Lord your God and you are to sanctify yourselves and be holy because I am holy. You must not defile yourselves by any of the swarming things that creep on the ground,

Imamat 13:49

13:49 if the infection ⁹  in the garment or leather or warp or woof or any article of leather is yellowish green or reddish, it is a diseased infection and it must be shown to the priest.

Imamat 13:52

13:52 He must burn the garment or the warp or the woof, whether wool or linen, or any article of leather which has the infection in it. Because it is a malignant disease it must be burned up in the fire.

Imamat 18:22

18:22 You must not have sexual intercourse with a male as one has sexual intercourse with a woman; ¹⁰  it is a detestable act. ¹¹ 

Imamat 19:19

19:19 You must keep my statutes. You must not allow two different kinds of your animals to breed, ¹²  you must not sow your field with two different kinds of seed, and you must not wear ¹³  a garment made of two different kinds of fabric. ¹⁴ 

Imamat 19:23

The Produce of Fruit Trees

19:23 “‘When you enter the land and plant any fruit tree, ¹⁵  you must consider its fruit to be forbidden. ¹⁶  Three years it will be forbidden to you; ¹⁷  it must not be eaten.

Imamat 20:13

20:13 If a man has sexual intercourse with a male as one has sexual intercourse with a woman, ¹⁸  the two of them have committed an abomination. They must be put to death; their blood guilt is on themselves.

¹ tn For zoological remarks on the following list of birds see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:662-64; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 159-60.

² tn Heb “and the buzzard to its kind” (see also vv. 16 and 19 for the same expression “of any kind”).

³ tn Heb “every crow to its kind.” Many English versions (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) render this as “raven.”

⁴ tn Heb “which to it are lower legs from above to its feet” (reading the Qere “to it” rather than the Kethib “not”).

⁵ tn For entomological remarks on the following list of insects see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:665-66; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 160-61.

⁶ tn Heb “and to these.”

⁷ tn For zoological analyses of the list of creatures in vv. 29-30, see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:671-72; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 161-62.

⁸ tn Heb “by any of the swarming things that swarm.”

⁹ tn Heb “and the infection is.” This clause is conditional in force, and is translated as such by almost all English versions.

¹⁰ tn Heb “And with a male you shall not lay [as the] lyings of a woman” (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 123). The specific reference here is to homosexual intercourse between males.

¹¹ tn The Hebrew term תּוֹעֵבָה (to’evah, rendered “detestable act”) refers to the repugnant practices of foreigners, whether from the viewpoint of other peoples toward the Hebrews (e.g., Gen 43:32; 46:34; Exod 8:26) or of the Lord toward other peoples (see esp. Lev 18:26-27, 29-30). It can also designate, as here, detestable acts that might be perpetrated by the native peoples (it is used again in reference to homosexuality in Lev 20:13; cf. also its use for unclean food, Deut 14:3; idol worship, Isa 41:24; remarriage to a former wife who has been married to someone else in between, Deut 24:4).

¹² tn Heb “Your animals, you shall not cross-breed two different kinds.”

¹³ tn Heb “you shall not cause to go up on you.”

¹⁴ sn Cf. Deut 22:11 where the Hebrew term translated “two different kinds” (כִּלְאַיִם, kil’ayim) refers to a mixture of linen and wool woven together in a garment.

¹⁵ tn Heb “tree of food”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV “trees for food.”

¹⁶ tn Heb “you shall circumcise its fruit [as] its foreskin,” taking the fruit to be that which is to be removed and, therefore, forbidden. Since the fruit is uncircumcised it is forbidden (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 306, and esp. B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 131-32).

¹⁷ tn Heb “it shall be to you uncircumcised.”

¹⁸ tn Heb “[as the] lyings of a woman.” The specific reference here is to homosexual intercourse between males.