1:16 Now the descendants of the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law, went up with the people of Judah from the City of Date Palm Trees to Arad in the desert of Judah, 1 located in the Negev. 2 They went and lived with the people of Judah. 3
1 tc Part of the Greek
2 tn Heb “[to] the Desert of Judah in the Negev, Arad.”
3 tn The phrase “of Judah” is supplied here in the translation. Some ancient textual witnesses read, “They went and lived with the Amalekites.” This reading, however, is probably influenced by 1 Sam 15:6 (see also Num 24:20-21).
4 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the next generation) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
5 tn The verb שׁוּב (shuv, “to return; to turn”) is sometimes translated “turn back” here, but it is probably used in an adverbial sense, indicating that the main action (“act wickedly”) is being repeated.
6 tn Heb “their fathers.”
sn The statement the next generation would again act more wickedly than the previous one must refer to the successive sinful generations after Joshua, not Joshua’s godly generation (cf. vv. 7, 17).
7 tn Or “serving [them]”; or “following [them].”
8 tn Or “drop.”
9 tn Heb “Arise!”
10 tn The verb form (a Hebrew perfect, indicating completed action from the standpoint of the speaker) emphasizes the certainty of the event. Though it had not yet taken place, the
11 tn Heb “Has the
12 tn Heb “the
13 tc MT has “and throughout the camp,” but the conjunction (“and”) is due to dittography and should be dropped. Compare the ancient versions, which lack the conjunction here.
14 tn The words “they went” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
15 tn Heb “are about to anoint [with oil].”
16 tn Heb “in my shade.”
17 tn Heb “If not.”
18 tn Heb “have risen up against.”
19 tn Heb “house.”
20 tn The word “legitimate” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarification.
21 tn Heb “your brother.”
22 tn Heb “his mother.” The pronoun (“she”) has been substituted for the noun (“mother”) in the translation because of English style.
23 tn The Hebrew text has “and gave it.” The referent (the pieces of silver) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
24 tn Heb “and it was in Micah’s house.”
25 tn Heb “father.” “Father” is here a title of honor that suggests the priest will give advice and protect the interests of the family, primarily by divining God’s will in matters, perhaps through the use of the ephod. (See R. G. Boling, Judges [AB], 257; also Gen 45:8, where Joseph, who was a diviner and interpreter of dreams, is called Pharaoh’s “father,” and 2 Kgs 6:21; 13:14, where a prophet is referred to as a “father.” Note also 2 Kgs 8:9, where a king identifies himself as a prophet’s “son.” One of a prophet’s main functions was to communicate divine oracles. Cf. 2 Kgs 8:9ff.; 13:14-19).
26 tn The Hebrew text expands with the phrase: “and the Levite went.” This only makes sense if taken with “to live” in the next verse. Apparently “the Levite went” and “the Levite agreed” are alternative readings which have been juxtaposed in the text.
27 tn Heb “The Danites sent from their tribe five men, from their borders.”
28 tn Heb “men, sons of strength.”
29 tn Heb “They came to the Ephraimite hill country, to Micah’s house, and spent the night there.”
30 tn Heb “Arise, and let us go up against them.”
31 tc Codex Alexandrinus (A) of the LXX adds “we entered and walked around in the land as far as Laish and.”
32 tn Heb “But you are inactive.”
33 tn Or “be lazy.”
34 tn Heb “to go”; “to enter”; “to possess.”
35 tn The words “the sight” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
36 tn Heb “from the day.”
37 tc Codex Alexandrinus (A) of the (original) LXX has the following additional words: “And he instructed the men whom he sent out, ‘Thus you will say to every male Israelite: “There has never been anything like this from the day the Israelites left Egypt till the present day.”’”