1:16 for all things in heaven and on earth were created by him – all things, whether visible or invisible, whether thrones or dominions, 2 whether principalities or powers – all things were created through him and for him.
1:1 From Paul, 3 an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother,
3:22 So I perceived there is nothing better than for people 4 to enjoy their work, 5
because that is their 6 reward;
for who can show them what the future holds? 7
1 tn BDAG 138 s.v. ἀρχή 6 takes this term as a reference to angelic or transcendent powers (as opposed to merely human rulers). To clarify this, the adjective “heavenly” has been supplied in the translation. Some interpreters see this as a reference to fallen angels or demonic powers, and this view is reflected in some recent translations (NIV, NLT).
2 tn BDAG 579 s.v. κυριότης 3 suggests “bearers of the ruling powers, dominions” here.
3 tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.
4 tn Heb “man.”
5 tn Heb “his works.”
6 tn Heb “his.”
7 tn Heb “what will be after him” (cf. KJV, NASB, NIV) or “afterward” (cf. NJPS).