“For he is the living God;
he endures forever.
His kingdom will not be destroyed;
his authority is forever. 3
7:19 “Then I wanted to know the meaning 4 of the fourth beast, which was different from all the others. It was very dreadful, with two rows of iron teeth and bronze claws, and it devoured, crushed, and trampled anything that was left with its feet.
11:40 “At the time of the end the king of the south will attack 9 him. Then the king of the north will storm against him 10 with chariots, horsemen, and a large armada of ships. 11 He 12 will invade lands, passing through them like an overflowing river. 13
1 sn The specific duties of the seven types of officials listed here (cf. vv. 3, 27) are unclear. The Aramaic words that are used are transliterations of Akkadian or Persian technical terms whose exact meanings are uncertain. The translations given here follow suggestions set forth in BDB.
2 tn Aram “Nebuchadnezzar the king.” The proper name and title have been replaced by the relative pronoun (“he”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
3 tn Aram “until the end.”
4 tn Aram “to make certain.”
5 tn Heb “and he will set his face.” Cf. vv. 18, 19.
6 tc The present translation reads מֵישָׁרִים (mesharim, “alliances”) for the MT וִישָׁרִים (viysharim, “uprightness”).
7 tn Heb “him”; the referent (the king of the south) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
8 tn Heb “the daughter of the women.”
sn The daughter refers to Cleopatra, the daughter of Antiochus, who was given in marriage to Ptolemy V.
9 tn Heb “engage in thrusting.”
10 tn The referent of the pronoun is most likely the king of the south, in which case the text describes the king of the north countering the attack of the king of the south.
11 tn Heb “many ships.”
12 tn This most likely refers to the king of the north who, in response to the aggression of the king of the south, launches an invasion of the southern regions.
13 tn Heb “and will overflow and pass over.”
14 tn Or “to the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.
15 tc The present translation reads יַד־נֹפֵץ (yad-nofets, “hand of one who shatters”) rather than the MT נַפֵּץ־יַד (nappets-yad, “to shatter the hand”).