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Teks -- Revelation 22:1-21 (NET)

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Konteks
22:1 Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life– water as clear as crystal– pouring out from the throne of God and of the Lamb, 22:2 flowing down the middle of the city’s main street. On each side of the river is the tree of life producing twelve kinds of fruit, yielding its fruit every month of the year. Its leaves are for the healing of the nations. 22:3 And there will no longer be any curse, and the throne of God and the Lamb will be in the city. His servants will worship him, 22:4 and they will see his face, and his name will be on their foreheads. 22:5 Night will be no more, and they will not need the light of a lamp or the light of the sun, because the Lord God will shine on them, and they will reign forever and ever.
A Final Reminder
22:6 Then the angel said to me, “These words are reliable and true. The Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent his angel to show his servants what must happen soon.” 22:7 (Look! I am coming soon! Blessed is the one who keeps the words of the prophecy expressed in this book.) 22:8 I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things, and when I heard and saw them, I threw myself down to worship at the feet of the angel who was showing them to me. 22:9 But he said to me, “Do not do this! I am a fellow servant with you and with your brothers the prophets, and with those who obey the words of this book. Worship God!” 22:10 Then he said to me, “Do not seal up the words of the prophecy contained in this book, because the time is near. 22:11 The evildoer must continue to do evil, and the one who is morally filthy must continue to be filthy. The one who is righteous must continue to act righteously, and the one who is holy must continue to be holy.” 22:12 (Look! I am coming soon, and my reward is with me to pay each one according to what he has done! 22:13 I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end!) 22:14 Blessed are those who wash their robes so they can have access to the tree of life and can enter into the city by the gates. 22:15 Outside are the dogs and the sorcerers and the sexually immoral, and the murderers, and the idolaters and everyone who loves and practices falsehood! 22:16 “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star!” 22:17 And the Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” And let the one who hears say: “Come!” And let the one who is thirsty come; let the one who wants it take the water of life free of charge. 22:18 I testify to the one who hears the words of the prophecy contained in this book: If anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. 22:19 And if anyone takes away from the words of this book of prophecy, God will take away his share in the tree of life and in the holy city that are described in this book. 22:20 The one who testifies to these things says, “Yes, I am coming soon!” Amen! Come, Lord Jesus! 22:21 The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all.
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Nama Orang, Nama Tempat, Topik/Tema Kamus

Nama Orang dan Nama Tempat:
 · Alpha a title of Jesus Christ
 · David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel
 · John a son of Zebedee; younger brother of James; the beloved disciple of Christ,a relative of Annas the high priest,a son of Mary the sister of Barnabas, and surnamed Mark,the father of Simon Peter
 · Omega the last letter of Greek alphabet


Topik/Tema Kamus: REVELATION OF JOHN | Readings, Select | Church | Heaven | Jesus, The Christ | Word of God | Righteous | Worship | Angel | TREE OF LIFE | River | JERUSALEM, NEW | IMMORTAL; IMMORTALITY | REVELATION, 3-4 | Crystal | Dog | Medicine | Homage | Plague | Sin | selebihnya
Daftar Isi

Catatan Kata/Frasa
Robertson , Vincent , Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Defender , TSK

Catatan Kata/Frasa
Poole , PBC , Haydock , Gill

Catatan Ayat / Catatan Kaki
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Catatan Rentang Ayat
Maclaren , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Barclay , Constable , College

Lainnya
Evidence

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: Rev 22:1 - He shewed me He shewed me ( edeixen moi ). The angel as in Rev 21:9, Rev 21:10 (cf. Rev 1:1; Rev 4:1). Now the interior of the city.

He shewed me ( edeixen moi ).

The angel as in Rev 21:9, Rev 21:10 (cf. Rev 1:1; Rev 4:1). Now the interior of the city.

Robertson: Rev 22:1 - A river of water of life A river of water of life ( potamon hudatos zōēs ). For hudōr zōēs (water of life) see Rev 7:17; Rev 21:6; Rev 22:17; Joh 4:14. There was ...

A river of water of life ( potamon hudatos zōēs ).

For hudōr zōēs (water of life) see Rev 7:17; Rev 21:6; Rev 22:17; Joh 4:14. There was a river in the Garden of Eden (Gen 2:10). The metaphor of river reappears in Zec 14:8; Eze 47:9, and the fountain of life in Joe 3:18; Jer 2:13; Pro 10:11; Pro 13:14; Pro 14:27; Pro 16:22; Psa 36:10.

Robertson: Rev 22:1 - Bright as crystal Bright as crystal ( lampron hōs krustallon ). See Rev 4:6 for krustallon and Rev 15:6; Rev 19:8; Rev 22:16 for lampron . "Sparkling like rock cry...

Bright as crystal ( lampron hōs krustallon ).

See Rev 4:6 for krustallon and Rev 15:6; Rev 19:8; Rev 22:16 for lampron . "Sparkling like rock crystal"(Swete), shimmering like mountain water over the rocks.

Robertson: Rev 22:1 - Proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb Proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb ( ekporeuomenon ek tou thronou tou theou kai tou arniou ). Cf. Eze 47:1; Zec 14:8. Already in Rev...

Proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb ( ekporeuomenon ek tou thronou tou theou kai tou arniou ).

Cf. Eze 47:1; Zec 14:8. Already in Rev 3:21 Christ is pictured as sharing the Father’ s throne as in Heb 1:3. See also Rev 22:3. This phrase has no bearing on the doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Spirit.

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street thereof In the midst of the street thereof ( en mesōi tēs plateias autēs ). Connected probably with the river in Rev 22:1, though many connect it with ...

In the midst of the street thereof ( en mesōi tēs plateias autēs ).

Connected probably with the river in Rev 22:1, though many connect it with Rev 22:2. Only one street mentioned here as in Rev 21:21.

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - On this side of the river and on that On this side of the river and on that ( tou potamou enteuthen kai ekeithen ). Enteuthen occurs as a preposition in Dan 12:5 (Theodoret) and may be ...

On this side of the river and on that ( tou potamou enteuthen kai ekeithen ).

Enteuthen occurs as a preposition in Dan 12:5 (Theodoret) and may be so here (post-positive), purely adverbial in Joh 19:18.

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - The tree of life The tree of life ( xulon zōēs ). For the metaphor see Gen 1:11. and Rev 2:7; Rev 22:14. Xulon is used for a green tree in Luk 23:31; Eze 47:12.

The tree of life ( xulon zōēs ).

For the metaphor see Gen 1:11. and Rev 2:7; Rev 22:14. Xulon is used for a green tree in Luk 23:31; Eze 47:12.

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - Bearing Bearing ( poioun ). Neuter active participle of poieō (making, producing, as in Mat 7:17). Some MSS. have poiōn (masculine), though xulon i...

Bearing ( poioun ).

Neuter active participle of poieō (making, producing, as in Mat 7:17). Some MSS. have poiōn (masculine), though xulon is neuter.

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - Twelve manner of fruits Twelve manner of fruits ( karpous dōdeka ). "Twelve fruits."

Twelve manner of fruits ( karpous dōdeka ).

"Twelve fruits."

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - Yielding Yielding ( apodidoun ). Neuter active participle of apodidōmi , to give back, but some MSS. have apodidous (masculine) like poiōn .

Yielding ( apodidoun ).

Neuter active participle of apodidōmi , to give back, but some MSS. have apodidous (masculine) like poiōn .

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - For the healing of the nations For the healing of the nations ( eis therapeian tōn ethnōn ). Spiritual healing, of course, as leaves (phulla ) are often used for obtaining med...

For the healing of the nations ( eis therapeian tōn ethnōn ).

Spiritual healing, of course, as leaves (phulla ) are often used for obtaining medicines. Here again the problem occurs whether this picture is heaven before the judgment or afterwards. Charles distinguishes sharply between the Heavenly City for the millennial reign and the New Jerusalem that descends from heaven after the judgment. Charles rearranges these chapters to suit his theory. But chronology is precarious here.

Robertson: Rev 22:3 - There shall be no curse any more There shall be no curse any more ( pan katathema ouk estai eti ). No other example of katathema has been found outside of the Didache XVI. 5, tho...

There shall be no curse any more ( pan katathema ouk estai eti ).

No other example of katathema has been found outside of the Didache XVI. 5, though the verb katathematizō occurs in Mat 26:74, meaning to curse, while we have anathematizō in Mar 14:71 in the same sense. It may be a syncopated form of katanathema . The usual anathema (curse) occurs in 1Co 16:22; Gal 1:8; Rom 9:3. For pan with ouk =ouden see Rev 21:27.

Robertson: Rev 22:3 - Shall do him service Shall do him service ( latreusousin autōi ). Future active of latreuō , linear idea, "shall keep on serving."See Rev 7:15 for present active indi...

Shall do him service ( latreusousin autōi ).

Future active of latreuō , linear idea, "shall keep on serving."See Rev 7:15 for present active indicative of this same verb with the dative autōi as here, picturing the worship of God in heaven. See Rev 22:1 for "the throne of God and of the Lamb."

Robertson: Rev 22:4 - They shall see his face They shall see his face ( opsontai to prosōpon autou ). Future active of horaō . This vision of God was withheld from Moses (Exo 33:20, Exo 33:23...

They shall see his face ( opsontai to prosōpon autou ).

Future active of horaō . This vision of God was withheld from Moses (Exo 33:20, Exo 33:23), but promised by Jesus to the pure in heart (Mat 5:8) and mentioned in Heb 12:14 as possible only to the holy, and promised in Psa 17:15. Even here on earth we can see God in the face of Christ (2Co 4:6), but now in the New Jerusalem we can see Christ face to face (1Co 13:12), even as he is after we are made really like him (2Co 3:18; Rom 8:29; 1Jo 3:2). It is anthropomorphic language, to be sure, but it touches the essential reality of religion. "The supreme felicity is reached, immediate presence with God and the Lamb"(Beckwith).

Robertson: Rev 22:4 - His name on their foreheads His name on their foreheads ( to onoma autou epi tōn metōpōn autōn ). As in Rev 3:12; Rev 7:3; Rev 14:1.

His name on their foreheads ( to onoma autou epi tōn metōpōn autōn ).

As in Rev 3:12; Rev 7:3; Rev 14:1.

Robertson: Rev 22:5 - Shall be night no more Shall be night no more ( nux ouk estai eti ). As in Rev 21:25.

Shall be night no more ( nux ouk estai eti ).

As in Rev 21:25.

Robertson: Rev 22:5 - They need They need ( echousin chreian ). Present active indicative, "They have need,"though A has hexousin (shall have), future like estai . Here again ther...

They need ( echousin chreian ).

Present active indicative, "They have need,"though A has hexousin (shall have), future like estai . Here again there is repetition of part of Rev 21:23, but for the purpose of showing the delightsomeness of the New Jerusalem with no need of lamp or sun (change to phōs with hēliou instead of phōtos , "they have no light of sun").

Robertson: Rev 22:5 - Shall give them light Shall give them light ( phōtisei ). Future active of phōtizō , while aorist ephōtisen in Rev 21:23.

Shall give them light ( phōtisei ).

Future active of phōtizō , while aorist ephōtisen in Rev 21:23.

Robertson: Rev 22:5 - They shall reign They shall reign ( basileusousin ). Future active of basileuō . Reign eternally in contrast with the limited millennial reign of Rev 20:4, Rev 20:6...

They shall reign ( basileusousin ).

Future active of basileuoÌ„ . Reign eternally in contrast with the limited millennial reign of Rev 20:4, Rev 20:6. This glorious eternal reign with Christ occurs repeatedly in the book (Rev 1:6; Rev 3:21; Rev 5:10) as in Luk 22:30. Christ’ s Kingdom is spiritual (Joh 18:36.). "The visions of the Apocalypse are now ended; they have reached their climax in the New Jerusalem"(Swete). Now John gives the parting utterances of some of the speakers, and it is not always clear who is speaking.

Robertson: Rev 22:6 - He said unto me He said unto me ( eipen moi ). Apparently the same angel as in Rev 22:1 (Rev 21:9, Rev 21:15).

He said unto me ( eipen moi ).

Apparently the same angel as in Rev 22:1 (Rev 21:9, Rev 21:15).

Robertson: Rev 22:6 - These words These words ( houtoi hoi logoi ). The same words used in Rev 21:5 by the angel there. Whatever the application there, here the angel seems to endorse...

These words ( houtoi hoi logoi ).

The same words used in Rev 21:5 by the angel there. Whatever the application there, here the angel seems to endorse as "faithful and true"(pistoi kai aleÌ„thinoi ) not merely the preceding vision (21:9-22:5), but the revelations of the entire book. The language added proves this: "Sent his angel to shew unto his servants the things which must shortly come to pass"(apesteilen ton aggelon autou deixai tois doulois autou ha dei genesthai en tachei ), a direct reference to Rev 1:1 concerning the purpose of Christ’ s revelation to John in this book. For "the God of the spirits of the prophets"(ho theos toÌ„n pneumatoÌ„n toÌ„n propheÌ„toÌ„n ) see Rev 19:10; 1Co 14:32. Probably the prophets’ own spirits enlightened by the Holy Spirit (Rev 10:7; Rev 11:8; Rev 22:9).

Robertson: Rev 22:7 - And behold, I come quickly And behold, I come quickly ( kai idou erchomai tachu ). Christ is the speaker, either through this angel or more probably directly from Christ withou...

And behold, I come quickly ( kai idou erchomai tachu ).

Christ is the speaker, either through this angel or more probably directly from Christ without introduction as in Rev 22:12, Rev 22:16. About Christ coming quickly see Rev 2:5, Rev 2:16; Rev 3:11; Rev 16:15, and already in Rev 1:2. Once more we must recall that tachu and en tachei are according to God’ s time, not ours (2Pe 3:8).

Robertson: Rev 22:7 - Blessed Blessed ( makarios ). This beatitude is like in substance the first (Rev 1:3) and is in Christ’ s own words like the one in Rev 16:15. This book...

Blessed ( makarios ).

This beatitude is like in substance the first (Rev 1:3) and is in Christ’ s own words like the one in Rev 16:15. This book is here called a "prophecy"(propheÌ„teias ) as in Rev 22:10, Rev 22:18, Rev 22:19. It is Christ’ s revelation from God, a direct message from God. Part of it is prediction of doom on Christ’ s enemies, but most of it is a comforting picture of final triumph and bliss for the faithful in a time of great distress and persecution.

Robertson: Rev 22:8 - And 1 John And 1 John ( Kagō Iōannēs ). Here John the Seer is the speaker. He had already given his name (Rev 1:1, Rev 1:4, Rev 1:9). Here he claims to be...

And 1 John ( Kagō Iōannēs ).

Here John the Seer is the speaker. He had already given his name (Rev 1:1, Rev 1:4, Rev 1:9). Here he claims to be the "one who hears and sees these things"(ho akouōn kai blepōn tauta ).

Robertson: Rev 22:8 - I fell down to worship I fell down to worship ( epesa proskunēsai ). Second aorist active indicative of piptō (with ̇a form) and the first aorist active infinitive...

I fell down to worship ( epesa proskunēsai ).

Second aorist active indicative of piptoÌ„ (with ̇a form) and the first aorist active infinitive of purpose of proskuneoÌ„ . It was a natural, though a wrong, thing to do, especially after Christ’ s own voice followed that of the angel "which shewed me these things"(tou deiknuontos tauta ). Genitive singular of the articular present active participle of deiknuoÌ„ . Cf. Rev 1:1; Rev 4:1; Rev 17:1; Rev 21:9.; Rev 22:1, Rev 22:6.

Robertson: Rev 22:9 - See thou do it not See thou do it not ( Hora mē ). The angel promptly interposes (legei , dramatic present). See note on Rev 19:10 for discussion of this same phrase ...

See thou do it not ( Hora mē ).

The angel promptly interposes (legei , dramatic present). See note on Rev 19:10 for discussion of this same phrase hora mē when John had once before started to worship the angel in his excitement. Here we have added to the words in Rev 19:10 "the prophets"(tōn prophētōn ) and also "them which keep the words of this book"(tōn tērountōn tous logous tou bibliou toutou ), the last a repetition from Rev 22:7. In both places we have "Worship God"(tōi theōi proskunēson ). And not an angel.

Robertson: Rev 22:10 - And he saith unto me And he saith unto me ( kai legei moi ). The angel resumes as in Rev 19:9.

And he saith unto me ( kai legei moi ).

The angel resumes as in Rev 19:9.

Robertson: Rev 22:10 - Seal not up Seal not up ( mē sphragisēis ). Prohibition with mē and the ingressive first aorist active subjunctive of sphragizō . Charles takes this to...

Seal not up ( mē sphragisēis ).

Prohibition with mē and the ingressive first aorist active subjunctive of sphragizō . Charles takes this to be the command of Christ because in Rev 22:7, Rev 22:18 "the words of the prophecy of this book"come from Christ. But that is not a conclusive argument, though Charles, as already stated, rearranges these chapters to suit his own notion. Once only (Rev 10:4) was John directed to seal and not to write. See note on Rev 10:4 for discussion of sphragizō . This book is to be left open for all to read (Rev 1:3; Rev 13:18; Rev 17:9; Rev 22:7, Rev 22:18).

Robertson: Rev 22:10 - At hand At hand ( eggus ). As in Rev 1:3.

At hand ( eggus ).

As in Rev 1:3.

Robertson: Rev 22:11 - Let him do unrighteousness still Let him do unrighteousness still ( adikēsatō eti ). First aorist (constative) active imperative of adikeō , viewed here as a whole. The languag...

Let him do unrighteousness still ( adikēsatō eti ).

First aorist (constative) active imperative of adikeō , viewed here as a whole. The language is probably ironical, with a reminder of Dan 12:10, in no sense a commendation of their lost estate. Charles rejects this verse as not like John. It is the hopelessness of the final state of the wicked which is here pictured. So as to "Let him be made filthy still"(rupanthētō eti ). First aorist (constative) passive imperative of rupainō , old verb, to make foul or filthy (from rupos , filth, 1Pe 3:21, as is ruparos , filthy), here only in N.T. The use of eti is not perfectly clear, whether "still"or "yet more."It is the time when Christ has shut the door to those outside who are now without hope (Mat 25:10; Luk 13:25). Ruparos occurs elsewhere in N.T. only in Jam 2:2, and ruparia (filthiness) only in Jam 1:21. So then "the righteous"(ho dikaios ) is to do righteousness still (dikaiosunēn poiēsatō eti , first constative aorist active imperative of poieō ) and "the holy"(ho hagios ) to be made holy still (hagiasthētō eti , first constative aorist passive imperative of hagiazō ). The states of both the evil and the good are now fixed forever. There is no word here about a "second chance"hereafter.

Robertson: Rev 22:12 - My reward is with me My reward is with me ( ho misthos mou met' emou ). It is Christ speaking again and he repeats his promise of coming quickly as in Rev 22:7. He speaks...

My reward is with me ( ho misthos mou met' emou ).

It is Christ speaking again and he repeats his promise of coming quickly as in Rev 22:7. He speaks now as the Rewarder (ho misthapodotēs ) of Heb 11:6. Cf. Rev 11:18; Isa 40:10; Isa 62:11.

Robertson: Rev 22:12 - To render To render ( apodounai ). Second aorist active infinitive of purpose of apodidōmi , to give back. Each will receive the reward according to his own ...

To render ( apodounai ).

Second aorist active infinitive of purpose of apodidōmi , to give back. Each will receive the reward according to his own work (Rev 2:23; 2Co 5:10; Rom 2:26).

Robertson: Rev 22:13 - I am the Alpha and the Omega I am the Alpha and the Omega ( Egō to Alpha kai to O ). Applied to God in Rev 1:8; Rev 21:6, and here alone to Christ, crowning proof in this book ...

I am the Alpha and the Omega ( Egō to Alpha kai to O ).

Applied to God in Rev 1:8; Rev 21:6, and here alone to Christ, crowning proof in this book of Christ’ s deity. So in Rev 21:6 God is termed, as Christ is here, heÌ„ archeÌ„ kai to telos (the beginning and the end), while ho proÌ„tos kai ho eschatos (the first and the last) is applied only to Christ (Rev 1:17; Rev 2:8). Solemn assurance is thus given that Christ is qualified to be the Judge of Rev 22:12 (cf. Matt 25:31-46). In Heb 12:2 Jesus is the archeÌ„gos kai teleioÌ„teÌ„s teÌ„s pisteoÌ„s (the author and finisher of faith). Christ was the Creator of the universe for the Father. So now he is the Consummation of redemption.

Robertson: Rev 22:14 - Blessed Blessed ( makarioi ). This is the last beatitude of the book and "deals with the issues of the higher life"(Swete).

Blessed ( makarioi ).

This is the last beatitude of the book and "deals with the issues of the higher life"(Swete).

Robertson: Rev 22:14 - They that wash their robes They that wash their robes ( hoi plunontes tas stolas autōn ). Present active articular participle of plunō . See Rev 7:14 for this very verb wit...

They that wash their robes ( hoi plunontes tas stolas autōn ).

Present active articular participle of plunō . See Rev 7:14 for this very verb with stolas , while in Rev 3:4 the negative statement occurs. Cf. 1Co 6:11.

Robertson: Rev 22:14 - That they may have the right That they may have the right ( hina estai hē exousia autōn ). Purpose clause with hina and the future middle of eimi (a common construction i...

That they may have the right ( hina estai hē exousia autōn ).

Purpose clause with hina and the future middle of eimi (a common construction in this book, Rev 6:4, Rev 6:11; Rev 9:5, Rev 9:20; Rev 13:12; Rev 14:13), that there may be their right."

Robertson: Rev 22:14 - To come to the tree of life To come to the tree of life ( epi to xulon tēs zōēs ). "Over the tree of life."On exousia epi = "power over"see Rev 6:8; Rev 13:7; Rev 16:9; ...

To come to the tree of life ( epi to xulon tēs zōēs ).

"Over the tree of life."On exousia epi = "power over"see Rev 6:8; Rev 13:7; Rev 16:9; Luk 9:1. On "the tree of life"see Rev 2:7; Rev 22:2.

Robertson: Rev 22:14 - May enter in May enter in ( eiselthōsin ). Purpose clause with hina and the second aorist active subjunctive of eiserchomai parallel with hina estai (futu...

May enter in ( eiselthōsin ).

Purpose clause with hina and the second aorist active subjunctive of eiserchomai parallel with hina estai (future).

Robertson: Rev 22:14 - By the gates By the gates ( tois pulōsin ). Associative instrumental case of pulōn (Rev 21:12), "by the gate towers."

By the gates ( tois pulōsin ).

Associative instrumental case of pulōn (Rev 21:12), "by the gate towers."

Robertson: Rev 22:15 - Without Without ( exō ). Outside the holy city, with which compare Rev 21:8, Rev 21:27. Dustierdieck supplies an imperative: "Out, ye dogs."

Without ( exō ).

Outside the holy city, with which compare Rev 21:8, Rev 21:27. Dustierdieck supplies an imperative: "Out, ye dogs."

Robertson: Rev 22:15 - The dogs The dogs ( hoi kunes ). Not literal dogs, but the morally impure (Deu 23:18; 2Ki 8:13; Psa 22:17, Psa 22:21; Mat 7:6; Mar 7:27; Phi 3:3). Dogs in the...

The dogs ( hoi kunes ).

Not literal dogs, but the morally impure (Deu 23:18; 2Ki 8:13; Psa 22:17, Psa 22:21; Mat 7:6; Mar 7:27; Phi 3:3). Dogs in the Oriental cities are the scavengers and excite unspeakable contempt.

Robertson: Rev 22:15 - The sorcerers The sorcerers ( hoi pharmakoi ). As in Rev 21:8, where are listed "the fornicators and the murderers and the idolaters,"all "outside"the holy city he...

The sorcerers ( hoi pharmakoi ).

As in Rev 21:8, where are listed "the fornicators and the murderers and the idolaters,"all "outside"the holy city here as there "in the lake that burns with fire and brimstone, the second death."Both are pictures (symbolic language) of hell, the eternal absence from fellowship with God. Another time Jesus spoke of "the outer darkness"(eis to skotos to exōteron , Mat 8:12; Mat 22:13; Mat 25:30), outside of lighted house, as the abode of the damned. Another symbol is the worm that dies not (Mar 9:48).

Robertson: Rev 22:15 - Every one that loveth and maketh a lie Every one that loveth and maketh a lie ( pās philōn kai poiōn pseudos ). An interpretation of pāsin tois pseudesin (all liars) of Rev 21:8 ...

Every one that loveth and maketh a lie ( pās philōn kai poiōn pseudos ).

An interpretation of paÌ„sin tois pseudesin (all liars) of Rev 21:8 and of poioÌ„n pseudos (doing a lie) of Rev 21:27. Satan is the father of lying (Joh 8:44) and Satan’ s home is a congenial place for those who love and practise lying (2Th 2:12). See 1Jo 1:6 for not doing the truth and see also Rom 1:25; Eph 4:25.

Robertson: Rev 22:16 - I Jesus I Jesus ( Egō Iēsous ). The last and most solemn attestation to the book that from Jesus (the historic Jesus known to the churches), in harmony w...

I Jesus ( Egō Iēsous ).

The last and most solemn attestation to the book that from Jesus (the historic Jesus known to the churches), in harmony with Rev 1:1.

Robertson: Rev 22:16 - Have sent Have sent ( epempsa ). First aorist active indicative of pempō , used here in the same sense as aposteilas in Rev 1:1 as his personal messenger. ...

Have sent ( epempsa ).

First aorist active indicative of pempō , used here in the same sense as aposteilas in Rev 1:1 as his personal messenger. It is the Jesus of history here speaking, who is also the Christ of theology and the Lamb of God.

Robertson: Rev 22:16 - For the churches For the churches ( epi tais ekklēsiais ). For this use of epi see Rev 10:11; Joh 12:16. It is not just for the seven churches (Rev 1:4), but for ...

For the churches ( epi tais ekklēsiais ).

For this use of epi see Rev 10:11; Joh 12:16. It is not just for the seven churches (Rev 1:4), but for all the churches in the world then and now.

Robertson: Rev 22:16 - I am the root and the offspring of David I am the root and the offspring of David ( Egō eimi hē riza kai to genos Daueid ). See Rev 5:5 for "the root of David,"to which John now adds to ...

I am the root and the offspring of David ( Egō eimi hē riza kai to genos Daueid ).

See Rev 5:5 for "the root of David,"to which John now adds to genos in the sense of "offspring"(Act 17:28.), not of family or race (Act 4:6; Act 7:13). Cf. Mat 22:42-45.

Robertson: Rev 22:16 - The bright, the morning star The bright, the morning star ( ho astēr ho lampros ho prōinos ). The Davidic King is called a star in Num 24:17; Luk 1:78. This "day-star"(phōs...

The bright, the morning star ( ho astēr ho lampros ho prōinos ).

The Davidic King is called a star in Num 24:17; Luk 1:78. This "day-star"(phoÌ„sphoros ) is interpreted as Christ (2Pe 1:19). In Rev 2:28 the phrase "the morning star"occurs in Christ’ s words, which is here interpreted. Christ is the Light that was coming into the world (Joh 1:9; Joh 8:12).

Robertson: Rev 22:17 - The Spirit and the bride The Spirit and the bride ( to pneuma kai hē numphē ). The Holy Spirit, speaking through the prophets or the Spirit of prophecy (Rev 2:7; Rev 16:4...

The Spirit and the bride ( to pneuma kai hē numphē ).

The Holy Spirit, speaking through the prophets or the Spirit of prophecy (Rev 2:7; Rev 16:4; Rev 18:24), joins with the bride (Rev 21:2), the people of God, in a response to the voice of Jesus just heard. After the picture of heaven in Rev 22:1-5 there is intense longing (Rev 19:7) of God’ s people for the consummation of the marriage of the Lamb and the Bride. So now "the prophets and the saints"(Swete) make a common plea to the Lord Jesus to "come"(Erchou , present middle imperative of erchomai , Come on) as he has just said twice that he would do (Rev 22:1, Rev 22:12). The call for Christ is to be repeated by every hearer (ho akouoÌ„n ) as in Rev 1:3.

Robertson: Rev 22:17 - Let him come Let him come ( erchesthō ). Change of person and this verb applied not to Christ as just before, but to the one who wishes to greet Christ. The thi...

Let him come ( erchesthō ).

Change of person and this verb applied not to Christ as just before, but to the one who wishes to greet Christ. The thirsty man is bidden to come himself before it is too late. See Rev 5:6 for dipsaō , used for spiritual thirst, and in particular Joh 6:35; Joh 7:37 for one thirsting for the water of life (Rev 21:6; Rev 22:1). Cf. Isa 55:1.

Robertson: Rev 22:17 - He that will He that will ( ho thelōn ). Even if not yet eagerly thirsting. This one is welcome also. For this use of thelō see Phi 2:13.

He that will ( ho thelōn ).

Even if not yet eagerly thirsting. This one is welcome also. For this use of thelō see Phi 2:13.

Robertson: Rev 22:17 - Let him take Let him take ( labetō ). Second ingressive aorist active imperative of lambanō . In accordance with the free promise in Rev 21:6, "freely"(dōre...

Let him take ( labetō ).

Second ingressive aorist active imperative of lambanoÌ„ . In accordance with the free promise in Rev 21:6, "freely"(doÌ„rean ) here as there. This gracious and wide invitation is cheering after the gloomy picture of the doomed and the damned. The warnings against the dragon and the two beasts with all their dreadful consequences are meant to deter men from falling victims to all the devil’ s devices then and now. The door of mercy still stands wide open today, for the end has not yet come. The series of panoramas is over, with the consummation pictured as a reality. Now we drop back to the standpoint before we saw the visions through John’ s eyes. In Rev 22:17 we hear the voice of the Spirit of God inviting all who hear and see to heed and to come and drink of the water of life freely offered by the Lamb of God.

Robertson: Rev 22:18 - I testify I testify ( Egō marturō ). Commentators disagree keenly about the words in Rev 22:18, Rev 22:19. Charles rejects them as an interpolation and out...

I testify ( Egō marturō ).

Commentators disagree keenly about the words in Rev 22:18, Rev 22:19. Charles rejects them as an interpolation and out of harmony with the rest of the book. Beckwith takes them to be John’ s own warning, drawn from Deu 4:2 "to every man that heareth"(panti toÌ„i akouonti , dative of the articular present active participle of akouoÌ„ , which compare Rev 1:3). Swete properly holds these verses to be from Jesus himself, still bearing solemn witness to this book, with warning against wilful perversion of its teachings.

Robertson: Rev 22:18 - If any man shall add If any man shall add ( ean tis epithēi ). Condition of the third class with ean and the second aorist active subjunctive of epitithēmi , with e...

If any man shall add ( ean tis epithēi ).

Condition of the third class with ean and the second aorist active subjunctive of epitithēmi , with epi added with auta , as also in the conclusion epithēsei ep' auton (future active). This warning is directed against perversions of this book, not about the New Testament or the Bible as a whole, though it may be true there also. Surely no warning was more needed when we consider the treatment accorded the Apocalypse, so that Dr. Robert South said that the Apocalypse either found one crazy or left him so.

Robertson: Rev 22:19 - If any man shall take away If any man shall take away ( ean tis aphelēi ). Also condition of the third class with ean and second aorist active subjunctive of aphaireō , w...

If any man shall take away ( ean tis aphelēi ).

Also condition of the third class with ean and second aorist active subjunctive of aphaireō , with apo repeated both in the condition and in the conclusion (aphelei apo , future active indicative of aphaireō for the more usual aphairēsei ).

Robertson: Rev 22:19 - Which are written in this book Which are written in this book ( tōn gegrammenōn en tōi bibliōi toutōi ). Ablative neuter plural articular perfect passive participle in ap...

Which are written in this book ( tōn gegrammenōn en tōi bibliōi toutōi ).

Ablative neuter plural articular perfect passive participle in apposition with ek tou xulou tēs zōēs (from the tree of life) and ek tēs poleōs tēs hagias (out of the holy city). Such a man is unworthy of his inheritance.

Robertson: Rev 22:20 - He which testifieth He which testifieth ( ho marturōn ). That is Jesus (Rev 1:2) who has just spoken (Rev 22:18).

He which testifieth ( ho marturōn ).

That is Jesus (Rev 1:2) who has just spoken (Rev 22:18).

Robertson: Rev 22:20 - Yea: I come quickly Yea: I come quickly ( Nai , erchomai tachu ). Affirmation again of the promise in Rev 22:7, Rev 22:12. On Nai (Yes) see Rev 1:7 for the Lord’...

Yea: I come quickly ( Nai , erchomai tachu ).

Affirmation again of the promise in Rev 22:7, Rev 22:12. On Nai (Yes) see Rev 1:7 for the Lord’ s assent to the call. Then John expresses his absolute belief in the Lord’ s promise: "Amen: come, Lord Jesus"(AmeÌ„n , erchou , Kurie IeÌ„sou ). On AmeÌ„n see Rev 1:7. On erchou see Rev 22:17. Note Kurie with IeÌ„sou . As in 1Co 12:3; Phi 2:11. For Paul’ s confidence in the deity of Christ and the certainty of his second coming see Tit 2:13; 2Ti 4:8. Marana tha (1Co 16:22).

Robertson: Rev 22:21 - The grace of the Lord Jesus be with the saints The grace of the Lord Jesus be with the saints ( heÌ„ charis tou Kuriou IeÌ„sou meta toÌ„n hagioÌ„n ). John’ s own benediction, an unusual endin...

The grace of the Lord Jesus be with the saints ( hē charis tou Kuriou Iēsou meta tōn hagiōn ).

John’ s own benediction, an unusual ending for an apocalypse, but suitable for one meant to be read in the churches (Rev 1:3.). Grace is Paul’ s unvarying word in conclusion of his letters, as is true of Heb 13:25. "The saints"or the consecrated (hoi hagioi ) is John’ s constant word for believers in Christ (Rev 8:3.; Rev 11:18; Rev 13:7, Rev 13:10; Rev 14:12; Rev 16:6; Rev 17:6; Rev 18:20, Rev 18:24; Rev 19:8; Rev 20:9). It is a good word for the close of this marvellous picture of God’ s gracious provision for his people in earth and heaven.

Robertson: Rev 22:21 - -- @@

@@

Vincent: Rev 22:1 - Pure Pure Omit.

Pure

Omit.

Vincent: Rev 22:1 - Clear Clear ( λαμπÏὸν ) See on Luk 23:11. Rev., bright .

Clear ( λαμπÏὸν )

See on Luk 23:11. Rev., bright .

Vincent: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street thereof In the midst of the street thereof Some connect these words with the preceding. So Rev.

In the midst of the street thereof

Some connect these words with the preceding. So Rev.

Vincent: Rev 22:2 - On either side On either side ( ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ) For the latter ἐντεῦθεν read ἐκεῖθεν , as render ,...

On either side ( ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ἐντεῦθεν )

For the latter ἐντεῦθεν read ἐκεῖθεν , as render , as Rev., on this side and on that .

Vincent: Rev 22:2 - Tree Tree ( ξυÌλον ) See on Luk 23:31, and see on Rev 2:7.

Tree ( ξυÌλον )

See on Luk 23:31, and see on Rev 2:7.

Vincent: Rev 22:2 - Twelve manner of fruits Twelve manner of fruits ( καÏποὺς δωÌδεκα ) Lit., twelve fruits . Some render crops or harvests of fruit . On these two...

Twelve manner of fruits ( καÏποὺς δωÌδεκα )

Lit., twelve fruits . Some render crops or harvests of fruit . On these two verses compare Eze 47:1-12; Joe 3:18; Zec 14:8.

Vincent: Rev 22:3 - Shall serve Shall serve ( λατÏευÌσουσιν ) See on Luk 1:74. Rev., do Him service . The word originally means to serve for hire . In the...

Shall serve ( λατÏευÌσουσιν )

See on Luk 1:74. Rev., do Him service . The word originally means to serve for hire . In the New Testament, of the worship or service of God in the use of the rites intended for His worship. It came to be used by the Jews in a very special sense, to denote the service rendered to Jehovah by the Israelites as His peculiar people. See Rom 9:4; Act 26:7; Heb 9:1, Heb 9:6. Hence the significant application of the term to Christian service by Paul in Phi 3:3.

Vincent: Rev 22:4 - See His face See His face Compare 1Jo 3:2; Mat 5:8; Exo 33:20; Psa 17:15.

See His face

Compare 1Jo 3:2; Mat 5:8; Exo 33:20; Psa 17:15.

Vincent: Rev 22:5 - No night there No night there ( ἐκεῖ ) Substitute ἐÌτι any more . Rev., there shall be night no more .

No night there ( ἐκεῖ )

Substitute ἐÌτι any more . Rev., there shall be night no more .

Vincent: Rev 22:6 - The Lord God The Lord God ( ΚυÌÏιος ὁ Θεὸς ) Rather, as Rev., the Lord , the God .

The Lord God ( ΚυÌÏιος ὁ Θεὸς )

Rather, as Rev., the Lord , the God .

Vincent: Rev 22:6 - Of the holy prophets Of the holy prophets ( τῶν ἁγιÌων Ï€Ïοφητῶν ) For ἁγιÌων holy substitute πνευμαÌτων spirits , and rend...

Of the holy prophets ( τῶν ἁγιÌων Ï€Ïοφητῶν )

For ἁγιÌων holy substitute πνευμαÌτων spirits , and render, as Rev., the God of the spirits of the prophets .

Vincent: Rev 22:6 - Be done Be done ( γεγεÌσθαι ) Better, as Rev., come to pass .

Be done ( γεγεÌσθαι )

Better, as Rev., come to pass .

Vincent: Rev 22:7 - Keepeth Keepeth ( τηÏῶν ) A favorite word with John, occurring in his writings more frequently than in all the rest of the New Testament together....

Keepeth ( τηÏῶν )

A favorite word with John, occurring in his writings more frequently than in all the rest of the New Testament together. See on reserved 1Pe 1:4.

Vincent: Rev 22:7 - Book Book ( βιβλιÌου ) Diminutive, properly a little book or scroll . See on writing , Mat 19:7; see on bill , Mar 10:2; see on book ,...

Book ( βιβλιÌου )

Diminutive, properly a little book or scroll . See on writing , Mat 19:7; see on bill , Mar 10:2; see on book , Luk 4:17.

Vincent: Rev 22:8 - I John saw I John saw ( ἐγὼ ἹωαÌννης ὁ βλεÌπων ) The A.V. overlooks the article with the participle - the one seeing . Hence...

I John saw ( ἐγὼ ἹωαÌννης ὁ βλεÌπων )

The A.V. overlooks the article with the participle - the one seeing . Hence Rev., correctly, I John am he that heard and saw .

Vincent: Rev 22:8 - Had heard and seen Had heard and seen ( ἠÌκουσα καὶ ἐÌβλεψα ) Aorist tense. There is no need of rendering it as a pluperfect. Rev., rightly, ...

Had heard and seen ( ἠÌκουσα καὶ ἐÌβλεψα )

Aorist tense. There is no need of rendering it as a pluperfect. Rev., rightly, I heard and saw . The appeal to hearing and seeing is common to all John's writings. See Joh 1:14; Joh 19:35; Joh 21:14; 1Jo 1:1, 1Jo 1:2; 1Jo 4:14.

Vincent: Rev 22:9 - See thou do it not See thou do it not ( ὁÌÏα Î¼Î·Ì ) Lit., see not .

See thou do it not ( ὁÌÏα Î¼Î·Ì )

Lit., see not .

Vincent: Rev 22:9 - Thy brethren the prophets Thy brethren the prophets The spiritual brotherhood of John with the prophets is exhibited in Revelation.

Thy brethren the prophets

The spiritual brotherhood of John with the prophets is exhibited in Revelation.

Vincent: Rev 22:10 - Seal Seal ( σφÏαγιÌσῃς ) Rev., seal up . This word occurs eighteen times in Revelation and twice in the Gospel, and only five times els...

Seal ( σφÏαγιÌσῃς )

Rev., seal up . This word occurs eighteen times in Revelation and twice in the Gospel, and only five times elsewhere in the New Testament. It means to confirm or attest (Joh 3:33); to close up for security (Mat 27:66; Rev 20:3); to hide or keep secret (Rev 10:4; Rev 22:10); to mark a person or thing (Rev 7:3; Eph 1:13; Eph 4:30)

Vincent: Rev 22:10 - Time Time ( καιÏὸς ) See on Mat 12:1.

Time ( καιÏὸς )

See on Mat 12:1.

Vincent: Rev 22:11 - Unjust Unjust ( ἀδικῶν ) Rev., better, unrighteous .

Unjust ( ἀδικῶν )

Rev., better, unrighteous .

Vincent: Rev 22:11 - Let him be unjust Let him be unjust ( ἀδικησαÌτω ) The verb means to do wickedly . Hence Rev., correctly, let him do unrighteousness .

Let him be unjust ( ἀδικησαÌτω )

The verb means to do wickedly . Hence Rev., correctly, let him do unrighteousness .

Vincent: Rev 22:11 - He which is filthy He which is filthy ( ὁ Ï̔υπῶν ) Only here in the New Testament. On the kindred noun Ï̔υÌπος filth , see on 1Pe 3:21. ῬυπÎ...

He which is filthy ( ὁ Ï̔υπῶν )

Only here in the New Testament. On the kindred noun Ï̔υÌπος filth , see on 1Pe 3:21. ῬυπαÏιÌα filthiness occurs only in Jam 1:21; and the adjective Ï̔υπαÏοÌÏ‚ filthy only in Jam 2:2.

Vincent: Rev 22:11 - Let him be filthy Let him be filthy ( Ï̔υπωσαÌτω ) The best texts read Ï̔υπανθηÌτω let him be made filthy . So Rev.

Let him be filthy ( Ï̔υπωσαÌτω )

The best texts read Ï̔υπανθηÌτω let him be made filthy . So Rev.

Vincent: Rev 22:11 - Let him be righteous Let him be righteous ( δικαιωθηÌτω ) Read δικαιοσυÌνην ποιησαÌτω let him do righteousness . So Rev.

Let him be righteous ( δικαιωθηÌτω )

Read δικαιοσυÌνην ποιησαÌτω let him do righteousness . So Rev.

Vincent: Rev 22:11 - Let him be holy Let him be holy ( ἁγιασθηÌτω ) Rev., giving literally the force of the passive voice, let him be made holy .

Let him be holy ( ἁγιασθηÌτω )

Rev., giving literally the force of the passive voice, let him be made holy .

Vincent: Rev 22:12 - My reward is with me My reward is with me ( ὁ μισθοÌÏ‚ μου μετ ' ἐμοῦ ) ΜισθοÌÏ‚ reward is strictly wages . Compare Isa 40:10; Isa 62:...

My reward is with me ( ὁ μισθοÌÏ‚ μου μετ ' ἐμοῦ )

ΜισθοÌÏ‚ reward is strictly wages . Compare Isa 40:10; Isa 62:11. See on 2Pe 2:13.

Vincent: Rev 22:12 - To give To give ( ἀποδοῦναι ) Lit., to give back or in return for , thus appropriate to μισθοÌÏ‚ reward . Hence Rev., bett...

To give ( ἀποδοῦναι )

Lit., to give back or in return for , thus appropriate to μισθοÌÏ‚ reward . Hence Rev., better, render . See on give an account , Luk 16:2; and see on gave , Act 4:33.

Vincent: Rev 22:12 - Shall be Shall be ( ἐÌσται ) Read ἐστιν is .

Shall be ( ἐÌσται )

Read ἐστιν is .

Vincent: Rev 22:14 - That do His commandments That do His commandments ( οἱ ποιοῦντες τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ ) Read οἱ πλυÌνοντες τὰς σÏ...

That do His commandments ( οἱ ποιοῦντες τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ )

Read οἱ πλυÌνοντες τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν they that wash their robes . Compare Rev 7:14.

Vincent: Rev 22:14 - That they may have right to the tree of life That they may have right to the tree of life ( ἱÌνα ἐÌσται ἡ ἐξουσιÌα αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὸ ξυÌλον τῆ...

That they may have right to the tree of life ( ἱÌνα ἐÌσται ἡ ἐξουσιÌα αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὸ ξυÌλον τῆς ζωῆς )

Lit., in order that theirs shall be authority over the tree of life . For ἐξουσιÌα right , authority , see on Joh 1:12. Î•Ì”Ï€Î¹Ì may be the preposition of direction: " may have right to come to " (so Rev.) or may be rendered over .

Vincent: Rev 22:15 - Dogs Dogs ( οἱ κυÌνες ) The A.V. omits the article " the dogs." Compare Phi 3:2. This was the term of reproach with which the Judaizers s...

Dogs ( οἱ κυÌνες )

The A.V. omits the article " the dogs." Compare Phi 3:2. This was the term of reproach with which the Judaizers stigmatized the Gentiles as impure. In the Mosaic law the word is used to denounce the moral profligacies of heathen worship (Deu 23:18). Compare Mat 15:26. Here the word is used of those whose moral impurity excludes them from the New Jerusalem. " As a term of reproach, the word on the lips of a Jew, signified chiefly impurity; of a Greek, impudence . The herds of dogs which prowl about Eastern cities, without a home and without an owner, feeding on the refuse and filth of the streets, quarreling among themselves, and attacking the passer-by, explain both applications of the image" (Lightfoot, on Phi 3:2).

Vincent: Rev 22:15 - Sorcerers Sorcerers See on Rev 9:21, and compare Rev 21:8.

Sorcerers

See on Rev 9:21, and compare Rev 21:8.

Vincent: Rev 22:15 - Whoremongers Whoremongers ( ποÌÏνοι ) Rev., better, fornicators .

Whoremongers ( ποÌÏνοι )

Rev., better, fornicators .

Vincent: Rev 22:15 - Maketh Maketh ( ποιῶν ) Or doeth . Compare doeth the truth , Joh 3:21; 1Jo 1:6. See on Joh 3:21.

Maketh ( ποιῶν )

Or doeth . Compare doeth the truth , Joh 3:21; 1Jo 1:6. See on Joh 3:21.

Vincent: Rev 22:16 - The root The root Compare Isa 11:1, Isa 11:10. See on Nazarene , Mat 2:23.

The root

Compare Isa 11:1, Isa 11:10. See on Nazarene , Mat 2:23.

Vincent: Rev 22:16 - The morning-star The morning-star See on Rev 2:28.

The morning-star

See on Rev 2:28.

Vincent: Rev 22:17 - The Spirit The Spirit In the Church.

The Spirit

In the Church.

Vincent: Rev 22:17 - The Bride The Bride The Church.

The Bride

The Church.

Vincent: Rev 22:17 - Heareth Heareth The voice of the Spirit and the Bride.

Heareth

The voice of the Spirit and the Bride.

Vincent: Rev 22:19 - The Book of Life The Book of Life Read τοῦ ξυÌλου the tree . So Rev.

The Book of Life

Read τοῦ ξυÌλου the tree . So Rev.

Vincent: Rev 22:20 - Even so Even so ( ναὶ ) Omit.

Even so ( ναὶ )

Omit.

Vincent: Rev 22:21 - Our Lord Our Lord ( ἡμῶν ) Omit.

Our Lord ( ἡμῶν )

Omit.

Vincent: Rev 22:21 - With you all With you all ( μετὰ παÌντων ὑμῶν ) The readings differ. Some read μετὰ παÌντων with all , omitting you . Ot...

With you all ( μετὰ παÌντων ὑμῶν )

The readings differ. Some read μετὰ παÌντων with all , omitting you . Others, μετὰ τῶν ἁγιÌων with the saints .

Wesley: Rev 22:1 - And he showed me a river of the water of life The ever fresh and fruitful effluence of the Holy Ghost. See Eze 47:1-12; where also the trees are mentioned which "bear fruit every month," that is, ...

The ever fresh and fruitful effluence of the Holy Ghost. See Eze 47:1-12; where also the trees are mentioned which "bear fruit every month," that is, perpetually. Proceeding out of the throne of God, and of the Lamb - "All that the Father hath," saith the Son of God, "is mine;" even the throne of his glory.

Wesley: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street Here is the paradise of God, mentioned, Rev 2:7.

Here is the paradise of God, mentioned, Rev 2:7.

Wesley: Rev 22:2 - Is the tree of life Not one tree only, but many.

Not one tree only, but many.

Wesley: Rev 22:2 - Every month That is, in inexpressible abundance. The variety, likewise, as well as the abundance of the fruits of the Spirit, may be intimated thereby.

That is, in inexpressible abundance. The variety, likewise, as well as the abundance of the fruits of the Spirit, may be intimated thereby.

Wesley: Rev 22:2 - And the leaves are for the healing of the nations For the continuing their health, not the restoring it; for no sickness is there.

For the continuing their health, not the restoring it; for no sickness is there.

Wesley: Rev 22:3 - And there shall be no more curse But pure life and blessing; every effect of the displeasure of God for sin being now totally removed.

But pure life and blessing; every effect of the displeasure of God for sin being now totally removed.

Wesley: Rev 22:3 - But the throne of God and the Lamb shall be in it That is, the glorious presence and reign of God.

That is, the glorious presence and reign of God.

Wesley: Rev 22:3 - And his servants The highest honour in the universe.

The highest honour in the universe.

Wesley: Rev 22:3 - Shalt worship him The noblest employment.

The noblest employment.

Wesley: Rev 22:4 - And shall see his face Which was not granted to Moses. They shall have the nearest access to, and thence the highest resemblance of, him. This is the highest expression in t...

Which was not granted to Moses. They shall have the nearest access to, and thence the highest resemblance of, him. This is the highest expression in the language of scripture to denote the most perfect happiness of the heavenly state, 1Jo 3:2.

Wesley: Rev 22:4 - And his name shall be on their foreheads Each of them shall be openly acknowledged as God's own property, and his glorious nature most visibly shine forth in them.

Each of them shall be openly acknowledged as God's own property, and his glorious nature most visibly shine forth in them.

Wesley: Rev 22:4 - And they shall reign But who are the subjects of these kings? The other inhabitants of the new earth. For there must needs be an everlasting difference between those who w...

But who are the subjects of these kings? The other inhabitants of the new earth. For there must needs be an everlasting difference between those who when on earth excelled in virtue, and those comparatively slothful and unprofitable servants, who were just saved as by fire. The kingdom of God is taken by force; but the prize is worth all the labour. Whatever of high, lovely, or excellent is in all the monarchies of the earth is all together not a grain of dust, compared to the glory of the children of God. God "is not ashamed to be called their God, for whom he hath prepared this city." But who shall come up into his holy place? "They who keep his commandments," Rev 22:14.

Wesley: Rev 22:5 - And they shall reign for ever and ever What encouragement is this to the patience and faithfulness of the saints, that, whatever their sufferings are, they will work out for them "an eterna...

What encouragement is this to the patience and faithfulness of the saints, that, whatever their sufferings are, they will work out for them "an eternal weight of glory!" Thus ends the doctrine of this Revelation, in the everlasting happiness of all the faithful. The mysterious ways of Providence are cleared up, and all things issue in an eternal Sabbath, an everlasting state of perfect peace and happiness, reserved for all who endure to the end.

Wesley: Rev 22:6 - And he said to me Here begins the conclusion of the book, exactly agreeing with the introduction, (particularly Rev 22:6-7, Rev 22:10, with Rev 1:1, Rev 1:3,) and givin...

Here begins the conclusion of the book, exactly agreeing with the introduction, (particularly Rev 22:6-7, Rev 22:10, with Rev 1:1, Rev 1:3,) and giving light to the whole book, as this book does to the whole scripture.

Wesley: Rev 22:6 - These sayings are faithful and true All the things which you have heard and seen shall be faithfully accomplished in their order, and are infallibly true. The Lord, the God of the holy p...

All the things which you have heard and seen shall be faithfully accomplished in their order, and are infallibly true. The Lord, the God of the holy prophets - Who inspired and authorised them of old. Hath now sent me his angel, to show his servants - By thee.

Wesley: Rev 22:6 - The things which must be done shortly Which will begin to be performed immediately.

Which will begin to be performed immediately.

Wesley: Rev 22:7 - Behold, I come quickly Saith our Lord himself, to accomplish these things.

Saith our Lord himself, to accomplish these things.

Wesley: Rev 22:7 - Happy is he that keepeth Without adding or diminishing, Rev 22:18-19, the words of this book.

Without adding or diminishing, Rev 22:18-19, the words of this book.

Wesley: Rev 22:8 - I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel The very same words which occur, Rev 19:10. The reproof of the angel, likewise, See thou do it not, for I am thy fellowservant, is expressed in the ve...

The very same words which occur, Rev 19:10. The reproof of the angel, likewise, See thou do it not, for I am thy fellowservant, is expressed in the very same terms as before. May it not be the very same incident which is here related again? Is not this far more probable, than that the apostle would commit a fault again, of which he had been so solemnly warned before?

Wesley: Rev 22:9 - See thou do it not The expression in the original is short and elliptical, as is usual in showing vehement aversion.

The expression in the original is short and elliptical, as is usual in showing vehement aversion.

Wesley: Rev 22:10 - And he saith to me After a little pause.

After a little pause.

Wesley: Rev 22:10 - Seal not the sayings of this book Conceal them not, like the things that are sealed up.

Conceal them not, like the things that are sealed up.

Wesley: Rev 22:10 - The time is nigh Wherein they shall begin to take place.

Wherein they shall begin to take place.

Wesley: Rev 22:11 - He that is unrighteous As if he had said, The final judgment is at hand; after which the condition of all mankind will admit of no change for ever.

As if he had said, The final judgment is at hand; after which the condition of all mankind will admit of no change for ever.

Wesley: Rev 22:11 - Unrighteous Unjustified.

Unjustified.

Wesley: Rev 22:11 - Filthy Unsanctified, unholy.

Unsanctified, unholy.

Wesley: Rev 22:12 - I Jesus Christ.

Jesus Christ.

Wesley: Rev 22:12 - Come quickly To judge the world.

To judge the world.

Wesley: Rev 22:12 - And my reward is with me The rewards which I assign both to the righteous and the wicked are given at my coming.

The rewards which I assign both to the righteous and the wicked are given at my coming.

Wesley: Rev 22:12 - To give to every man according as his work His whole inward and outward behaviour shall be.

His whole inward and outward behaviour shall be.

Wesley: Rev 22:13 - I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last Who exist from everlasting to everlasting. How clear, incontestable a proof, does our Lord here give of his divine glory!

Who exist from everlasting to everlasting. How clear, incontestable a proof, does our Lord here give of his divine glory!

Wesley: Rev 22:14 - Happy are they that do his commandments His, who saith, I come - He speaks of himself.

His, who saith, I come - He speaks of himself.

Wesley: Rev 22:14 - That they may have right Through his gracious covenant.

Through his gracious covenant.

Wesley: Rev 22:14 - To the tree of life To all the blessings signified by it. When Adam broke his commandment, he was driven from the tree of life. They who keep his commandments" shall eat ...

To all the blessings signified by it. When Adam broke his commandment, he was driven from the tree of life. They who keep his commandments" shall eat thereof.

Wesley: Rev 22:15 - Without are dogs The sentence in the original is abrupt, as expressing abhorrence. The gates are ever open; but not for dogs; fierce and rapacious men.

The sentence in the original is abrupt, as expressing abhorrence. The gates are ever open; but not for dogs; fierce and rapacious men.

Wesley: Rev 22:16 - I Jesus have sent my angel to testify these things Primarily.

Primarily.

Wesley: Rev 22:16 - To you The seven angels of the churches; then to those churches - and afterwards to all other churches in succeeding ages.

The seven angels of the churches; then to those churches - and afterwards to all other churches in succeeding ages.

Wesley: Rev 22:16 - I as God.

as God.

Wesley: Rev 22:16 - Am the root And source of David's family and kingdom; as man, an descended from his loins. "I am the star out of Jacob," Num 24:17; like the bright morning star, ...

And source of David's family and kingdom; as man, an descended from his loins. "I am the star out of Jacob," Num 24:17; like the bright morning star, who put an end to the night of ignorance, sin, and sorrow, and usher in an eternal day of light, purity, and joy.

Wesley: Rev 22:17 - The Spirit and the bride The Spirit of adoption in the bride, in the heart of every true believer.

The Spirit of adoption in the bride, in the heart of every true believer.

Wesley: Rev 22:17 - Say With earnest desire and expectation.

With earnest desire and expectation.

Wesley: Rev 22:17 - Come And accomplish all the words of this prophecy. And let him that thirsteth, come - Here they also who are farther off are invited. And whosoever will, ...

And accomplish all the words of this prophecy. And let him that thirsteth, come - Here they also who are farther off are invited. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life - He may partake of my spiritual and unspeakable blessings, as freely as he makes use of the most common refreshments; as freely as he drinks of the running stream.

Wesley: Rev 22:18-19 - I testify to every one, &c. _From the fulness of his heart, the apostle utters this testimony, this weighty admonition, not only to the churches of Asia, but to all who should ev...

_From the fulness of his heart, the apostle utters this testimony, this weighty admonition, not only to the churches of Asia, but to all who should ever hear this book. He that adds, all the plagues shall be added to him; he that takes from it, all the blessings shall be taken from him; and, doubtless, this guilt is incurred by all those who lay hinderances in the way of the faithful, which prevent them from hearing their Lord's "I come," and answering, "Come, Lord Jesus." This may likewise be considered as an awful sanction, given to the whole New Testament; in like manner as Moses guarded the law, Deu 4:2, and Deu 12:32; and as God himself did, Mal 4:4, in closing the canon of the Old Testament.

Wesley: Rev 22:20 - He that testifieth these things Even all that is contained in this book.

Even all that is contained in this book.

Wesley: Rev 22:20 - Saith For the encouragement of the church in all her afflictions.

For the encouragement of the church in all her afflictions.

Wesley: Rev 22:20 - Yea Answering the call of the Spirit and the bride.

Answering the call of the Spirit and the bride.

Wesley: Rev 22:20 - I come quickly To destroy all her enemies, and establish her in a state of perfect and everlasting happiness. The apostle expresses his earnest desire and hope of th...

To destroy all her enemies, and establish her in a state of perfect and everlasting happiness. The apostle expresses his earnest desire and hope of this, by answering, Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!

Wesley: Rev 22:21 - The grace The free love.

The free love.

Wesley: Rev 22:21 - Of the Lord Jesus And all its fruits.

And all its fruits.

Wesley: Rev 22:21 - Be with all Who thus long for his appearing! It may be proper to subjoin here a short view of the whole contents of this book. In the year of the world, 3940. Jes...

Who thus long for his appearing!

It may be proper to subjoin here a short view of the whole contents of this book. In the year of the world, 3940. Jesus Christ is born, three years before the common computation. In that which is vulgarly called, the thirtieth year of our Lord, Jesus Christ dies; rises; ascends. A.D. 96. The Revelation is given; the coming of our Lord is declared to the seven churches in Asia, and their angels, Rev. i., ii., iii. 97, 98. The seven seals are opened, and under the fifth the chronos is declared, C. iv.-vi. Seven trumpets are given to the seven angels, C. vii. viii. Century, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, the trumpet of the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th angel, C. viii. 510-589 The first woe, 589-634 The interval after the first woe, } C. ix. 634-840 The second woe, / 800 The beginning of the non-chronos many kings, } C. ix., x. 840-947 The interval after the second woe, / 847-1521 The twelve hundred and sixty days of the woman, after she hath brought forth the man child, C xii. 6 947-1836 The third woe, 12 1058-1836 The time, times, and half a time, and within that period, the beast, his forty- }to C. xiii. 5 two months, his number 666, / 1209 War with the saints: the end of the chronos, 7 1614 An everlasting gospel promulged, C. xiv. 6 1810 The end of the forty-two months of the beast; after which, and the pouring out of the phials, he is not, and Babylon reigns queen, C. xv., xvi. 1832 The beast ascends from the bottomless pit, C. xvii., xviii. 1836 The end of the non-chronos, and of the many kings; the fulfilling of the word, and of the mystery of God; the repentance of the survivors in the great city; the end of the "little time," and of the three times and a half; the destruction of the east; the imprisonment of Satan, C. xix., xx. Afterward The loosing of Satan for a small time; the beginning of the thousand years' reign of the saints; the end of the small time, C. xx. The end of the world; all things new, C. xx., xxii.

The several ages, from the time of St. John's being in Patmos, down to the present time, may, according to the chief incidents mentioned in the Revelation, be distinguished thus:- Age II. The destruction of the Jews by Adrian, C viii. 7 III. The inroads of the barbarous nations, 8 IV. The Arian bitterness, 10 V. The end of the western empire. 12 VI. The Jews tormented in Persia, C. ix. 1 VII. The Saracen cavalry. 13 VIII. Many kings, C. x. 11 IX. The ruler of the nations born, C. xii. 5 X. The third woe, 12 XI. The ascent of the beast out of the pen, C. xiii. 1 XII Power given to the beast, 5 XIII. War with the saints, 7 XIV. The middle of the third woe, XV. The beast in the midst of his strength, XVI. The Reformation; the woman better fed, 9 XVII. An everlasting gospel promulged, C. xiv. 6 XVIII. The worship of the beast and of his image, 9

JFB: Rev 22:1 - pure A, B, Vulgate, and HILARY 22, omit.

A, B, Vulgate, and HILARY 22, omit.

JFB: Rev 22:1 - water of life Infinitely superior to the typical waters in the first Paradise (Gen 2:10-14); and even superior to those figurative ones in the millennial Jerusalem ...

Infinitely superior to the typical waters in the first Paradise (Gen 2:10-14); and even superior to those figurative ones in the millennial Jerusalem (Eze 47:1, Eze 47:12; Zec 14:8), as the matured fruit is superior to the flower. The millennial waters represent full Gospel grace; these waters of new Jerusalem represent Gospel glory perfected. Their continuous flow from God, the Fountain of life, symbolizes the uninterrupted continuance of life derived by the saints, ever fresh, from Him: life in fulness of joy, as well as perpetual vitality. Like pure crystal, it is free from every taint: compare Rev 4:6, "before the throne a sea of glass, like crystal."

JFB: Rev 22:1 - clear Greek, "bright."

Greek, "bright."

JFB: Rev 22:2 - -- The harmonious unity of Scripture is herein exhibited. The Fathers compared it to a ring, an unbroken circle, returning into itself. Between the event...

The harmonious unity of Scripture is herein exhibited. The Fathers compared it to a ring, an unbroken circle, returning into itself. Between the events of Genesis and those at the close of the Apocalypse, at least six thousand or seven thousand years intervene; and between Moses the first writer and John the last about one thousand five hundred years. How striking it is that, as in the beginning we found Adam and Eve, his bride, in innocence m Paradise, then tempted by the serpent, and driven from the tree of life, and from the pleasant waters of Eden, yet not without a promise of a Redeemer who should crush the serpent; so at the close, the old serpent cast out for ever by the second Adam, the Lord from heaven, who appears with His Bride, the Church, in a better Paradise, and amidst better waters (Rev 22:1): the tree of life also is there with all its healing properties, not guarded with a flaming sword, but open to all who overcome (Rev 2:7), and there is no more curse.

JFB: Rev 22:2 - street of it That is, of the city.

That is, of the city.

JFB: Rev 22:2 - on either side of the river ALFORD translates, "In the midst of the street of it (the city) and of the river, on one side and on the other" (for the second Greek, "enteuthen," A,...

ALFORD translates, "In the midst of the street of it (the city) and of the river, on one side and on the other" (for the second Greek, "enteuthen," A, B, and Syriac read, ekeithen: the sense is the same; compare Greek, Joh 19:18); thus the trees were on each side in the middle of the space between the street and the river. But from Eze 47:7, I prefer English Version. The antitype exceeds the type: in the first Paradise was only one tree of life; now there are "very many trees at the bank of the river, on the one side and on the other." To make good sense, supposing there to be but one tree, we should either, as MEDE, suppose that the Greek for street is a plain washed on both sides by the river (as the first Paradise was washed on one side by the Tigris, on the other by the Euphrates), and that in the midst of the plain, which itself is in the midst of the river's branches, stood the tree: in which case we may translate, "In the midst of the street (plain) itself, and of the river (having two branches flowing) on this and on that side, was there the tree of life." Or else with DURHAM suppose, the tree was in the midst of the river, and extending its branches to both banks. But compare Eze 47:12, the millennial type of the final Paradise; which shows that there are several trees of the one kind, all termed "the tree of life." Death reigns now because of sin; even in the millennial earth sin, and therefore death, though much limited, shall not altogether cease. But in the final and heavenly city on earth, sin and death shall utterly cease.

JFB: Rev 22:2 - yielded her fruit every month Greek, "according to each month"; each month had its own proper fruit, just as different seasons are now marked by their own productions; only that th...

Greek, "according to each month"; each month had its own proper fruit, just as different seasons are now marked by their own productions; only that then, unlike now, there shall be no season without its fruit, and there shall be an endless variety, answering to twelve, the number symbolical of the world-wide Church (compare Note, see on Rev 12:1; Rev 21:14). ARCHBISHOP WHATLEY thinks that the tree of life was among the trees of which Adam freely ate (Gen 2:9, Gen 2:16-17), and that his continuance in immortality was dependent on his continuing to eat of this tree; having forfeited it, he became liable to death; but still the effects of having eaten of it for a time showed themselves in the longevity of the patriarchs. God could undoubtedly endue a tree with special medicinal powers. But Gen 3:22 seems to imply, man had not yet taken of the tree, and that if he had, he would have lived for ever, which in his then fallen state would have been the greatest curse.

JFB: Rev 22:2 - leaves . . . for . . . healing (Eze 47:9, Eze 47:12). The leaves shall be the health-giving preventive securing the redeemed against, not healing them of, sicknesses, while "the fr...

(Eze 47:9, Eze 47:12). The leaves shall be the health-giving preventive securing the redeemed against, not healing them of, sicknesses, while "the fruit shall be for meat." In the millennium described in Eze. 47:1-23 and Rev 20:1-15, the Church shall give the Gospel-tree to the nations outside Israel and the Church, and so shall heal their spiritual malady; but in the final and perfect new Jerusalem here described, the state of all is eternally fixed, and no saving process goes on any longer (compare Rev 22:11). ALFORD utterly mistakes in speaking of "nations outside," and "dwelling on the renewed earth, organized under kings, and saved by the influences of the heavenly city" (!) Compare Rev 21:2, Rev. 21:10-27; the "nations" mentioned (Rev 21:24) are those which have long before, namely, in the millennium (Rev 11:15), become the Lord's and His Christ's.

JFB: Rev 22:3 - no more curse Of which the earnest shall be given in the millennium (Zec 14:11). God can only dwell where the curse and its cause, the cursed thing sin (Jos 7:12), ...

Of which the earnest shall be given in the millennium (Zec 14:11). God can only dwell where the curse and its cause, the cursed thing sin (Jos 7:12), are removed. So there follows rightly, "But the throne of God and of the Lamb (who redeemed us from the curse, Gal 3:10, Gal 3:13) shall be in it." Compare in the millennium, Eze 48:35.

JFB: Rev 22:3 - serve him With worship (Rev 7:15).

With worship (Rev 7:15).

JFB: Rev 22:4 - see his face Revealed in divine glory, in Christ Jesus. They shall see and know Him with intuitive knowledge of Him, even as they are known by Him (1Co 13:9-12), a...

Revealed in divine glory, in Christ Jesus. They shall see and know Him with intuitive knowledge of Him, even as they are known by Him (1Co 13:9-12), and face to face. Compare 1Ti 6:16, with Joh 14:9. God the Father can only be seen in Christ.

JFB: Rev 22:4 - in Greek, "on their foreheads." Not only shall they personally and in secret (Rev 3:17) know their sonship, but they shall be known as sons of God to all...

Greek, "on their foreheads." Not only shall they personally and in secret (Rev 3:17) know their sonship, but they shall be known as sons of God to all the citizens of the new Jerusalem, so that the free flow of mutual love among the members of Christ's family will not be checked by suspicion as here.

JFB: Rev 22:5 - there So ANDREAS. But A, B, Vulgate, and Syriac read, "(there shall be no night) any longer"; Greek, "eti," for "ekei."

So ANDREAS. But A, B, Vulgate, and Syriac read, "(there shall be no night) any longer"; Greek, "eti," for "ekei."

JFB: Rev 22:5 - they need A, Vulgate, and Coptic read the future, "they shall not have need." B reads, "(and there shall be) no need."

A, Vulgate, and Coptic read the future, "they shall not have need." B reads, "(and there shall be) no need."

JFB: Rev 22:5 - candle Greek, "lamp." A, Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic insert "light (of a candle, or lamp)." B Omits it.

Greek, "lamp." A, Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic insert "light (of a candle, or lamp)." B Omits it.

JFB: Rev 22:5 - of the sun So A. But B omits it.

So A. But B omits it.

JFB: Rev 22:5 - giveth . . . light "illumines." So Vulgate and Syriac. But A reads, "shall give light."

"illumines." So Vulgate and Syriac. But A reads, "shall give light."

JFB: Rev 22:5 - them So B and ANDREAS. But A reads, "upon them."

So B and ANDREAS. But A reads, "upon them."

JFB: Rev 22:5 - reign With a glory probably transcending that of their reign in heaven with Christ over the millennial nations in the flesh described in Rev 20:4, Rev 20:6;...

With a glory probably transcending that of their reign in heaven with Christ over the millennial nations in the flesh described in Rev 20:4, Rev 20:6; that reign was but for a limited time, "a thousand years"; this final reign is "unto the ages of the ages."

JFB: Rev 22:6 - These sayings are true Thrice repeated (Rev 19:9; Rev 21:5). For we are slow to believe that God is as good as He is. The news seems to us, habituated as we are to the miser...

Thrice repeated (Rev 19:9; Rev 21:5). For we are slow to believe that God is as good as He is. The news seems to us, habituated as we are to the misery of this fallen world, too good to be true [NANGLE]. They are no dreams of a visionary, but the realities of God's sure word.

JFB: Rev 22:6 - holy So ANDREAS. But A, B, Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic read, "(the Lord God of the) spirits (of the prophets)." The Lord God who with His Spirit inspired t...

So ANDREAS. But A, B, Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic read, "(the Lord God of the) spirits (of the prophets)." The Lord God who with His Spirit inspired their spirits so as to be able to prophesy. There is but one Spirit, but individual prophets, according to the measure given them (1Co 12:4-11), had their own spirits [BENGEL] (1Pe 1:11; 2Pe 1:21).

JFB: Rev 22:6 - be done Greek, "come to pass."

Greek, "come to pass."

JFB: Rev 22:7 - -- "And" is omitted in Coptic and ANDREAS with English Version, but is inserted by A, B, Vulgate and Syriac.

"And" is omitted in Coptic and ANDREAS with English Version, but is inserted by A, B, Vulgate and Syriac.

JFB: Rev 22:7 - blessed (Rev 1:3).

(Rev 1:3).

JFB: Rev 22:8 - -- Both here and in Rev 19:9-10, the apostle's falling at the feet of the angel is preceded by a glorious promise to the Church, accompanied with the ass...

Both here and in Rev 19:9-10, the apostle's falling at the feet of the angel is preceded by a glorious promise to the Church, accompanied with the assurance, that "These are the true sayings of God," and that those are "blessed" who keep them. Rapturous emotion, gratitude, and adoration, at the prospect of the Church's future glory transport him out of himself, so as all but to fall into an unjustifiable act; contrast his opposite feeling at the prospect of the Church's deep fall [AUBERLEN], see on Rev 17:6; Rev 19:9-10.

JFB: Rev 22:8 - saw . . . and heard A, B, Vulgate, and Syriac transpose these verbs. Translate literally, "I John (was he) who heard and saw these things." It is observable that in Rev 1...

A, B, Vulgate, and Syriac transpose these verbs. Translate literally, "I John (was he) who heard and saw these things." It is observable that in Rev 19:10, the language is, "I fell before his feet to worship him"; but here, "I fell down to worship (God?) before the feet of the angel." It seems unlikely that John, when once reproved, would fall into the very same error again. BENGEL'S view, therefore, is probable; John had first intended to worship the angel (Rev 19:10), but now only at his feet intends to worship (God). The angel does not even permit this.

JFB: Rev 22:9 - -- Literally, "See not"; the abruptness of the phrase marking the angel's abhorrence of the thought of his being worshipped however indirectly. Contrast ...

Literally, "See not"; the abruptness of the phrase marking the angel's abhorrence of the thought of his being worshipped however indirectly. Contrast the fallen angel's temptation to Jesus, "Fall down and worship me" (Mat 4:9).

JFB: Rev 22:9 - for A, B, Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic, ANDREAS, and CYPRIAN omit "for"; which accords with the abrupt earnestness of the angel's prohibition of an act derogat...

A, B, Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic, ANDREAS, and CYPRIAN omit "for"; which accords with the abrupt earnestness of the angel's prohibition of an act derogatory to God.

JFB: Rev 22:9 - and of "and (the fellow servant) of thy brethren."

"and (the fellow servant) of thy brethren."

JFB: Rev 22:10 - Seal not But in Dan 12:4, Dan 12:9 (compare Dan 8:26), the command is, "Seal the book," for the vision shall be "for many days." The fulfilment of Daniel's pro...

But in Dan 12:4, Dan 12:9 (compare Dan 8:26), the command is, "Seal the book," for the vision shall be "for many days." The fulfilment of Daniel's prophecy was distant, that of John's prophecy is near. The New Testament is the time of the end and fulfilment. The Gentile Church, for which John wrote his Revelation, needs more to be impressed with the shortness of the period, as it is inclined, owing to its Gentile origin, to conform to the world and forget the coming of the Lord. The Revelation points, on the one hand, to Christ's coming as distant, for it shows the succession of the seven seals, trumpets, and vials; on the other hand, it proclaims, "Behold, I come quickly." So Christ marked many events as about to intervene before His coming, and yet He also says "Behold, I come quickly," because our right attitude is that of continual prayerful watching for His coming (Mat 25:6, Mat 25:13, Mat 25:19; Mar 13:32-37 [AUBERLEN]; compare Rev 1:3).

JFB: Rev 22:11 - unjust "unrighteous"; in relation to one's fellow men; opposed to "righteous," or "just" (as the Greek may be translated) below. More literally, "he that doe...

"unrighteous"; in relation to one's fellow men; opposed to "righteous," or "just" (as the Greek may be translated) below. More literally, "he that doeth unjustly, let him do unjustly still."

JFB: Rev 22:11 - filthy In relation to one's own soul as unclean before God; opposed to holy," consecrated to God as pure. A omits the clause, "He which is filthy let him be ...

In relation to one's own soul as unclean before God; opposed to holy," consecrated to God as pure. A omits the clause, "He which is filthy let him be filthy still." But B supports it. In the letter of the Vienne and Lyons Martyrs (in EUSEBIUS) in the second century, the reading is, "He that is lawless (Greek, 'anomos') let him be lawless; and he that is righteous let him be righteous (literally, 'be justified') still." No manuscript is so old. A, B, Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic, ANDREAS, and CYPRIAN read, "let him do righteousness" (1Jo 2:29; 1Jo 3:7). The punishment of sin is sin, the reward of holiness is holiness. Eternal punishment is not so much an arbitrary law, as a result necessarily following in the very nature of things, as the fruit results from the bud. No worse punishment can God lay on ungodly men than to give them up to themselves. The solemn lesson derivable from this verse is, Be converted now in the short time left (Rev 22:10, end) before "I come" (Rev 22:7, Rev 22:12), or else you must remain unconverted for ever; sin in the eternal world will be left to its own natural consequences; holiness in germ will there develop itself into perfect holiness, which is happiness.

JFB: Rev 22:12 - And In none of our manuscripts. But A, B, Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic, and CYPRIAN omit it.

In none of our manuscripts. But A, B, Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic, and CYPRIAN omit it.

JFB: Rev 22:12 - behold, I come quickly (Compare Rev 22:7).

(Compare Rev 22:7).

JFB: Rev 22:12 - my reward is with me (Isa 40:10; Isa 62:11).

JFB: Rev 22:12 - to give Greek, "to render."

Greek, "to render."

JFB: Rev 22:12 - every man Greek, "to each."

Greek, "to each."

JFB: Rev 22:12 - shall be So B in MAI. But B in TISCHENDORF, and A, Syriac, read, "is."

So B in MAI. But B in TISCHENDORF, and A, Syriac, read, "is."

JFB: Rev 22:13 - I am Alpha Greek, ". . . the Alpha and the Omega." A, B, Vulgate, Syriac, ORIGEN, and CYPRIAN transpose thus, "the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End....

Greek, ". . . the Alpha and the Omega." A, B, Vulgate, Syriac, ORIGEN, and CYPRIAN transpose thus, "the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End." ANDREAS supports English Version. Compare with these divine titles assumed here by the Lord Jesus, Rev 1:8, Rev 1:17; Rev 21:6. At the winding up of the whole scheme of revelation He announces Himself as the One before whom and after whom there is no God.

JFB: Rev 22:14 - do his commandments So B, Syriac, Coptic, and CYPRIAN. But A, Aleph, and Vulgate read, "(Blessed are they that) wash their robes," namely, in the blood of the Lamb (compa...

So B, Syriac, Coptic, and CYPRIAN. But A, Aleph, and Vulgate read, "(Blessed are they that) wash their robes," namely, in the blood of the Lamb (compare Rev 7:14). This reading takes away the pretext for the notion of salvation by works. But even English Version reading is quite compatible with salvation by grace; for God's first and grand Gospel "commandment" is to believe on Jesus. Thus our "right" to (Greek, "privilege" or "lawful authority over") the tree of life is due not to our doings, but to what He has done for us. The right, or privilege, is founded, not on our merits, but on God's grace.

JFB: Rev 22:14 - through Greek, "by the gates."

Greek, "by the gates."

JFB: Rev 22:15 - But So Coptic. But A, B, HIPPOLYTUS, ANDREAS, and CYPRIAN omit.

So Coptic. But A, B, HIPPOLYTUS, ANDREAS, and CYPRIAN omit.

JFB: Rev 22:15 - dogs Greek, "the dogs"; the impure, filthy (Rev 22:11; compare Phi 3:2).

Greek, "the dogs"; the impure, filthy (Rev 22:11; compare Phi 3:2).

JFB: Rev 22:15 - maketh Including also "whosoever practiceth a lie" [W. KELLY].

Including also "whosoever practiceth a lie" [W. KELLY].

JFB: Rev 22:16 - mine angel For Jesus is Lord of the angels.

For Jesus is Lord of the angels.

JFB: Rev 22:16 - unto you Ministers and people in the seven representative churches, and, through you, to testify to Christians of all times and places.

Ministers and people in the seven representative churches, and, through you, to testify to Christians of all times and places.

JFB: Rev 22:16 - root . . . offspring of David Appropriate title here where assuring His Church of "the sure mercies of David," secured to Israel first, and through Israel to the Gentiles. Root of ...

Appropriate title here where assuring His Church of "the sure mercies of David," secured to Israel first, and through Israel to the Gentiles. Root of David, as being Jehovah; the offspring of David as man. David's Lord, yet David's son (Mat 22:42-45).

JFB: Rev 22:16 - the morning star That ushered in the day of grace in the beginning of this dispensation and that shall usher in the everlasting day of glory at its close.

That ushered in the day of grace in the beginning of this dispensation and that shall usher in the everlasting day of glory at its close.

JFB: Rev 22:17 - -- Reply of the spiritual Church and John to Christ's words (Rev 22:7, Rev 22:12, Rev 22:16).

Reply of the spiritual Church and John to Christ's words (Rev 22:7, Rev 22:12, Rev 22:16).

JFB: Rev 22:17 - the Spirit In the churches and in the prophets.

In the churches and in the prophets.

JFB: Rev 22:17 - the bride Not here called "wife," as that title applies to her only when the full number constituting the Church shall have been completed. The invitation, "Com...

Not here called "wife," as that title applies to her only when the full number constituting the Church shall have been completed. The invitation, "Come," only holds good while the Church is still but an affianced Bride, and not the actually wedded wife. However, "Come" may rather be the prayer of the Spirit in the Church and in believers in reply to Christ's "I come quickly," crying, Even so, "Come" (Rev 22:7, Rev 22:12); Rev 22:20 confirms this view. The whole question of your salvation hinges on this, that you be able to hear with joy Christ's announcement, "I come," and to reply, "Come" [BENGEL]. Come to fully glorify Thy Bride.

JFB: Rev 22:17 - let him that heareth That is, let him that heareth the Spirit and Bride saying to the Lord Jesus, "Come," join the Bride as a true believer, become part of her, and so say...

That is, let him that heareth the Spirit and Bride saying to the Lord Jesus, "Come," join the Bride as a true believer, become part of her, and so say with her to Jesus, "Come." On "heareth" means "obeyeth"; for until one has obeyed the Gospel call, he cannot pray to Jesus "Come"; so "hear" is used, Rev 1:3; Joh 10:16. Let him that hears and obeys Jesus' voice (Rev 22:16; Rev 1:3) join in praying "Come." Compare Rev 6:1, Rev 6:10; see on Rev 6:1. In the other view, which makes "Come" an invitation to sinners, this clause urges those who themselves hear savingly the invitation to address the same to others, as did Andrew and Philip after they themselves had heard and obeyed Jesus' invitation, "Come."

JFB: Rev 22:17 - let him that is athirst come As the Bride, the Church, prays to Jesus, "Come," so she urges all whosoever thirst for participation in the full manifestation of redemption-glory at...

As the Bride, the Church, prays to Jesus, "Come," so she urges all whosoever thirst for participation in the full manifestation of redemption-glory at His coming to us, to COME in the meantime and drink of the living waters, which are the earnest of "the water of life pure as crystal . . . out of the throne of God of the Lamb" (Rev 22:1) in the regenerated heaven and earth.

JFB: Rev 22:17 - And So Syriac. But A, B, Vulgate, and Coptic omit "and."

So Syriac. But A, B, Vulgate, and Coptic omit "and."

JFB: Rev 22:17 - whosoever will That is, is willing and desirous. There is a descending climax; Let him that heareth effectually and savingly Christ's voice, pray individually, as th...

That is, is willing and desirous. There is a descending climax; Let him that heareth effectually and savingly Christ's voice, pray individually, as the Bride, the Church, does collectively, "Come, Lord Jesus" (Rev 22:20). Let him who, though not yet having actually heard unto salvation, and so not yet able to join in the prayer, "Lord Jesus, come, "still thirsts for it, come to Christ. Whosoever is even willing, though his desires do not yet amount to positive thirsting, let him take the water of life freely, that is, gratuitously.

JFB: Rev 22:18 - For I testify None of our manuscripts have this. A, B, Vulgate, and ANDREAS read, "I" emphatic in the Greek. "I testify."

None of our manuscripts have this. A, B, Vulgate, and ANDREAS read, "I" emphatic in the Greek. "I testify."

JFB: Rev 22:18 - unto these things A, B, and ANDREAS read, "unto them."

A, B, and ANDREAS read, "unto them."

JFB: Rev 22:18 - add . . . add Just retribution in kind.

Just retribution in kind.

JFB: Rev 22:19 - book None of our manuscripts read this. A, B, Aleph, Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic read, "(take away his part, that is, portion) from the tree of life," that...

None of our manuscripts read this. A, B, Aleph, Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic read, "(take away his part, that is, portion) from the tree of life," that is, shall deprive him of participation in the tree of life.

JFB: Rev 22:19 - and from the things So Vulgate. But A, B, Aleph, Syriac, Coptic, and ANDREAS omit "and"; then "which are written in this book" will refer to "the holy city and the tree o...

So Vulgate. But A, B, Aleph, Syriac, Coptic, and ANDREAS omit "and"; then "which are written in this book" will refer to "the holy city and the tree of life." As in the beginning of this book (Rev 1:3) a blessing was promised to the devout, obedient student of it, so now at its close a curse is denounced against those who add to, or take from, it.

JFB: Rev 22:20 - Amen. Even so, come The Song of Solomon (Son 8:14) closes with the same yearning prayer for Christ's coming. A, B, and Aleph omit "Even so," Greek, "nai": then translate ...

The Song of Solomon (Son 8:14) closes with the same yearning prayer for Christ's coming. A, B, and Aleph omit "Even so," Greek, "nai": then translate for Amen, "So be it, come, Lord Jesus"; joining the "Amen," or "So be it," not with Christ's saying (for He calls Himself the "Amen" at the beginning of sentences, rather than puts it as a confirmation at the end), but with John's reply. Christ's "I come," and John's "Come," are almost coincident in time; so truly does the believer reflect the mind of his Lord.

JFB: Rev 22:21 - our So Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic. But A, B, and Aleph omit.

So Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic. But A, B, and Aleph omit.

JFB: Rev 22:21 - Christ So B, Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic, and ANDREAS. But A and Aleph omit.

So B, Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic, and ANDREAS. But A and Aleph omit.

JFB: Rev 22:21 - with you all So none of our manuscripts. B has, "with all the saints." A and Vulgate have, "with all." Aleph has, "with the saints." This closing benediction, Paul...

So none of our manuscripts. B has, "with all the saints." A and Vulgate have, "with all." Aleph has, "with the saints." This closing benediction, Paul's mark in his Epistles, was after Paul's death taken up by John. The Old Testament ended with a "curse" in connection with the law; the New Testament ends with a blessing in union with the Lord Jesus.

JFB: Rev 22:21 - Amen So B, Aleph, and ANDREAS. A and Vulgate Fuldensis omit it. May the Blessed Lord who has caused all holy Scriptures to be written for our learning, bl...

So B, Aleph, and ANDREAS. A and Vulgate Fuldensis omit it.

May the Blessed Lord who has caused all holy Scriptures to be written for our learning, bless this humble effort to make Scripture expound itself, and make it an instrument towards the conversion of sinners and the edification of saints, to the glory of His great name and the hastening of His kingdom! Amen."

Clarke: Rev 22:1 - Pure river of water of life Pure river of water of life - This is evidently a reference to the garden of paradise, and the river by which it was watered; and there is also a re...

Pure river of water of life - This is evidently a reference to the garden of paradise, and the river by which it was watered; and there is also a reference to the account, Eze 47:7-12. Water of life, as we have seen before, generally signifies spring or running water; here it may signify incessant communications of happiness proceeding from God.

Clarke: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street of it In the midst of the street of it - That is, of the city which was described in the preceding chapter

In the midst of the street of it - That is, of the city which was described in the preceding chapter

Clarke: Rev 22:2 - The tree of life The tree of life - An allusion to Gen 2:9. As this tree of life is stated to be in the streets of the city, and on each side of the river, tree must...

The tree of life - An allusion to Gen 2:9. As this tree of life is stated to be in the streets of the city, and on each side of the river, tree must here be an enallage of the singular for the plural number, trees of life, or trees which yielded fruit by which life was preserved. The account in Ezekiel is this: "And by the river, upon the bank thereof, on this side and on that side, shall grow all trees for meat, whose leaf shall not fade - it shall bring forth new fruit, according to his months - and the fruit thereof shall be for meat, and the leaf thereof for medicine;"Eze 47:12

Clarke: Rev 22:2 - Twelve manner of fruits Twelve manner of fruits - ΚαÏπους δωδεκα· Twelve fruits; that is, fruit twelve times in the year, as is immediately explained, yield...

Twelve manner of fruits - ΚαÏπους δωδεκα· Twelve fruits; that is, fruit twelve times in the year, as is immediately explained, yielded her fruit every month. As this was a great and spacious city, one fountain was not sufficient to provide water for it, therefore a river is mentioned; a great river, by which it was sufficiently watered. Some think that by this tree of life the Gospel is indicated; the twelve fruits are the twelve apostles; and the leaves are Gospel doctrines by which the nations - the Gentiles, are healed of the disease of sin. But this seems to be a fanciful interpretation.

Clarke: Rev 22:3 - No more curse No more curse - Instead of καταναθεμα, curse, the best MSS., versions, etc., read καταθεμα cursed person. As there shall be no ...

No more curse - Instead of καταναθεμα, curse, the best MSS., versions, etc., read καταθεμα cursed person. As there shall be no more sinning against God, so there shall be no more curse of God upon the people; for they shall be all his servants, and serve him. Our first parents came under the curse by sinning against their Maker in paradise; these shall never apostatize, therefore neither they nor the earth shall be cursed.

Clarke: Rev 22:4 - See his face See his face - Enjoy what is called the beatific vision; and they shall exhibit the fullest evidence that they belong entirely to him, for his name ...

See his face - Enjoy what is called the beatific vision; and they shall exhibit the fullest evidence that they belong entirely to him, for his name shall be written on their foreheads.

Clarke: Rev 22:5 - There shall be no night there There shall be no night there - See the 23d (note) and 25th (note) verses of the preceding chapter (Rev 21:23 and Rev 21:25).

There shall be no night there - See the 23d (note) and 25th (note) verses of the preceding chapter (Rev 21:23 and Rev 21:25).

Clarke: Rev 22:6 - These sayings are faithful and true These sayings are faithful and true - See the preceding chapter, Rev 21:5. From this verse to the end of the chapter is reckoned the epilogue of thi...

These sayings are faithful and true - See the preceding chapter, Rev 21:5. From this verse to the end of the chapter is reckoned the epilogue of this book

1.    The angel affirms the truth of all that had been spoken, Rev 22:6-11

2.    Jesus Christ confirms what has been affirmed, and pledges himself for the fulfillment of all the prophecies contained in it, Rev 22:12-17

3.    John cautions his readers against adding or diminishing, and concludes with the apostolical blessing, Rev 22:18-21

Clarke: Rev 22:6 - The things which must shortly be done The things which must shortly be done - There are many sayings in this book which, if taken literally, would intimate that the prophecies delivered ...

The things which must shortly be done - There are many sayings in this book which, if taken literally, would intimate that the prophecies delivered in the whole of the Apocalypse were to be fulfilled in a short time after their delivery to John; and this is a strong support for the scheme of Wetstein, and those who maintain that the prophecies of this book all referred to those times in which the apostle lived, and to the disturbances which then took place, not only among the Jews, but in the Roman empire. What they all mean, and when and how they are to be fulfilled, God in heaven alone knows.

Clarke: Rev 22:8 - I fell down to worship I fell down to worship - I prostrated myself before him as before a superior being, to express my gratitude, and give him thanks for the communicati...

I fell down to worship - I prostrated myself before him as before a superior being, to express my gratitude, and give him thanks for the communications he had made. See on Rev 19:10 (note).

Clarke: Rev 22:10 - Seal not the sayings Seal not the sayings - Do not lay them up for future generations; they concern the present times; they must shortly come to pass, for the time is at...

Seal not the sayings - Do not lay them up for future generations; they concern the present times; they must shortly come to pass, for the time is at hand. See above, Rev 22:6. What concerned the Jews was certainly at hand.

Clarke: Rev 22:11 - He that is unjust, let him be unjust still He that is unjust, let him be unjust still - The time of fulfillment will come so suddenly that there will be but little space for repentance and am...

He that is unjust, let him be unjust still - The time of fulfillment will come so suddenly that there will be but little space for repentance and amendment. What is done must be done instantly; and let him that is holy persevere, and hold fast what he has received.

Clarke: Rev 22:12 - Behold, I come quickly Behold, I come quickly - I come to establish nay cause, comfort and support my followers, and punish the wicked.

Behold, I come quickly - I come to establish nay cause, comfort and support my followers, and punish the wicked.

Clarke: Rev 22:13 - I am Alpha and Omega I am Alpha and Omega - See on Rev 1:8 (note), Rev 1:18 (note).

I am Alpha and Omega - See on Rev 1:8 (note), Rev 1:18 (note).

Clarke: Rev 22:14 - Blessed are they that do his commandments Blessed are they that do his commandments - They are happy who are obedient

Blessed are they that do his commandments - They are happy who are obedient

Clarke: Rev 22:14 - That they may have right to the tree of life That they may have right to the tree of life - The original is much more expressive, Ἱνα εσται ἡ εξουσια αυτων επι το...

That they may have right to the tree of life - The original is much more expressive, Ἱνα εσται ἡ εξουσια αυτων επι το ξυλον της ζωης· That they may have authority over the tree of life; an authority founded on right, this right founded on obedience to the commandments of God, and that obedience produced by the grace of God working in them. Without grace no obedience; without obedience no authority to the tree of life; without authority no right; without right no enjoyment: God’ s grace through Christ produces the good, and then rewards it as if all had been our own.

Clarke: Rev 22:15 - Without are dogs Without are dogs - All those who are uncircumcised in heart. The Jews call all the uncircumcised dogs. "Who is a dog? Ans. He who is not circumcised...

Without are dogs - All those who are uncircumcised in heart. The Jews call all the uncircumcised dogs. "Who is a dog? Ans. He who is not circumcised."Pirkey Elieser, chap. 29

Clarke: Rev 22:15 - And sorcerers And sorcerers - See the note on Rev 21:8.

And sorcerers - See the note on Rev 21:8.

Clarke: Rev 22:16 - I Jesus I Jesus - The Maker, the Redeemer, and Judge of all men

I Jesus - The Maker, the Redeemer, and Judge of all men

Clarke: Rev 22:16 - Have sent mine angel Have sent mine angel - An especial messenger from heaven

Have sent mine angel - An especial messenger from heaven

Clarke: Rev 22:16 - I am the root and the offspring of David I am the root and the offspring of David - Christ is the root of David as to his Divine nature; for from that all the human race sprang, for he is t...

I am the root and the offspring of David - Christ is the root of David as to his Divine nature; for from that all the human race sprang, for he is the Creator of all things, and without him was nothing made which is made. And he is the offspring of David as to his human nature; for that he took of the stock of David, becoming thereby heir to the Jewish throne, and the only heir which then existed; and it is remarkable that the whole regal family terminated in Christ: and as He liveth for ever, he is the alone true David and everlasting King

Clarke: Rev 22:16 - The bright and morning star The bright and morning star - I am splendor and glory to my kingdom; as the morning star ushers in the sun, so shall I usher in the unclouded and et...

The bright and morning star - I am splendor and glory to my kingdom; as the morning star ushers in the sun, so shall I usher in the unclouded and eternal glories of the everlasting kingdom.

Clarke: Rev 22:17 - The Spirit and the bride The Spirit and the bride - All the prophets and all the apostles; the Church of God under the Old Testament, and the Church of Christ under the New

The Spirit and the bride - All the prophets and all the apostles; the Church of God under the Old Testament, and the Church of Christ under the New

Clarke: Rev 22:17 - Say, Come Say, Come - Invite men to Jesus, that by him they may be saved and prepared for this kingdom

Say, Come - Invite men to Jesus, that by him they may be saved and prepared for this kingdom

Clarke: Rev 22:17 - Let him that heareth Let him that heareth - Let all who are privileged with reading and hearing the word of God, join in the general invitation to sinners

Let him that heareth - Let all who are privileged with reading and hearing the word of God, join in the general invitation to sinners

Clarke: Rev 22:17 - Him that is athirst Him that is athirst - He who feels his need of salvation, and is longing to drink of the living fountain

Him that is athirst - He who feels his need of salvation, and is longing to drink of the living fountain

Clarke: Rev 22:17 - And whosoever will And whosoever will - No soul is excluded: Jesus died for every man; every man may be saved; therefore let him who wills, who wishes for salvation, c...

And whosoever will - No soul is excluded: Jesus died for every man; every man may be saved; therefore let him who wills, who wishes for salvation, come and take the water of life freely - without money or price!

Clarke: Rev 22:18 - If any man shall add If any man shall add - Shall give any other meaning to these prophecies, or any other application of them than God intends, he, though not originall...

If any man shall add - Shall give any other meaning to these prophecies, or any other application of them than God intends, he, though not originally intended, shall have the plagues threatened in this book for his portion.

Clarke: Rev 22:19 - If any man shall take away If any man shall take away - If any man shall lessen this meaning, curtail the sense, explain away the spirit and design, of these prophecies, God s...

If any man shall take away - If any man shall lessen this meaning, curtail the sense, explain away the spirit and design, of these prophecies, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, etc. Thus Jesus Christ warns all those who consider this book to beware of indulging their own conjectures concerning it. I confess that this warning has its own powerful influence upon my mind, and has prevented me from indulging my own conjectures concerning its meaning, or of adopting the conjectures of others. These visions and threatenings are too delicate and awful a subject to trifle with, or even to treat in the most solemn manner, where the meaning is obscure. I must leave these things to time and event, the surest interpreters. No jot or tittle of Christ’ s word shall fall to the ground; all shall have its fulfillment in due time

This is termed a revelation, but it is a revelation of symbols; an exhibition of enigmas, to which no particular solution is given, and to which God alone can give the solution.

Clarke: Rev 22:20 - Surely I come quickly Surely I come quickly - This may be truly said to every person in every age; Jesus the Judge is at the door

Surely I come quickly - This may be truly said to every person in every age; Jesus the Judge is at the door

Clarke: Rev 22:20 - Even so, come, Lord Jesus Even so, come, Lord Jesus - The wish and desire of the suffering Church, and of all the followers of God, who are longing for the coming of his king...

Even so, come, Lord Jesus - The wish and desire of the suffering Church, and of all the followers of God, who are longing for the coming of his kingdom.

Clarke: Rev 22:21 - The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ - May the favor and powerful influence of Jesus Christ be with you all; you of the seven Churches, and the whole ...

The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ - May the favor and powerful influence of Jesus Christ be with you all; you of the seven Churches, and the whole Church of Christ in every part of the earth, and through all the periods of time

Instead of παντων ὑμων, you all, the most excellent MSS. and versions have παντων των ἁγιων, all the saints. This reading Griesbach has received into the text as indisputably genuine

Clarke: Rev 22:21 - Amen Amen - So be it! and so shall it be for ever and ever. The opinion of Dr. Priestley, concerning the authenticity of this book, and the manner in whi...

Amen - So be it! and so shall it be for ever and ever. The opinion of Dr. Priestley, concerning the authenticity of this book, and the manner in which it is written, should not be withheld from either the learned or pious reader. "I think it impossible for any intelligent and candid person to peruse this book without being struck in the most forcible manner with the peculiar dignity and sublimity of its composition, superior to that of any other writing whatever; so as to be convinced that, considering the age in which it appeared, none but a person divinely inspired could have written it. These prophecies are also written in such a manner as to satisfy us that the events announced to us were really foreseen, being described in such a manner as no person writing without that knowledge could have done. This requires such a mixture of clearness and obscurity as has never yet been imitated by any forgers of prophecy whatever. Forgeries, written of course after the events, have always been too plain. It is only in the Scriptures, and especially in the book of Daniel, and this of the Revelation, that we find this happy mixture of clearness and obscurity in the accounts of future events."- Notes on Revelation

The Subscriptions to this book are both few and unimportant: -

The Codex Alexandrinus has simply - The Revelation of John

The Syriac doubles the Amen

The Ethiopic. - Here is ended the vision of John, the Apocalypse; Amen: this is, as one might say, the vision which he saw in his life; and it was written by the blessed John, the evangelist of God

Vulgate and Coptic nothing

Ancient Arabic. - By the assistance of our Lord Jesus Christ, the vision of John, the apostle and evangelist, the beloved of the Lord, is finished: this is the Apocalypse which the Lord revealed to him for the service of men. To Him be glory for ever and ever

Having now brought my short notes on this very obscure book to a conclusion, it may be expected that, although I do not adopt any of the theories which have been delivered concerning it, yet I should give the most plausible scheme of the ancients or moderns which has come to my knowledge. This I would gladly do if I had any scheme to which I could give a decided preference. However, as I have given in the preface the scheme of Professor Wetstein, it is right that I should, at the conclusion, give the scheme of Mr. Lowman, which is nearly the same with that of Bishop Newton, and which, as far as I can learn, is considered by the most rational divines as being the most consistent and probable

The scheme of the learned and pious Bengel may be found in the late Rev. John Wesley’ s notes on this book; that of Mr. Lowman, which now follows, may he found at the end of Dr. Dodd’ s notes

Among other objections to this and all such schemes, I have this, which to me appears of vital consequence; its dates are too late. I think the book was written before the destruction of Jerusalem, and not in 95 or 96, the date which I follow in the margin; which date I give, not as my own opinion, but the opinion of others.

Defender: Rev 22:1 - pure river The primeval river emerging from Eden (Gen 2:10) seems to have been a representation of this eternal river proceeding from the throne of the Lamb. Lik...

The primeval river emerging from Eden (Gen 2:10) seems to have been a representation of this eternal river proceeding from the throne of the Lamb. Like the former river, this will probably also part into four directions, watering the whole city and the entire earth. Since there will be no sea, there will be no rain. This wonderful river of the water of life, however, will surely support an abundance of vegetation everywhere - with enough water for the whole world and none wasted. Presumably, the Lord will continue to create an unending supply of water from His throne for all these needs."

Defender: Rev 22:2 - tree of life The cherubim had once been directed by God to prevent sinful men from eating the fruit of the tree of life and living forever in their sins (Gen 3:22-...

The cherubim had once been directed by God to prevent sinful men from eating the fruit of the tree of life and living forever in their sins (Gen 3:22-24). In the new Jerusalem, however, the tree of life will always be freely accessible to all; it will probably also grow alongside the river wherever its distributaries flow throughout the whole earth.

Defender: Rev 22:2 - twelve manner of fruits Here is a marvelous thing. Instead of twelve different kinds of fruit trees, each bearing its fruit only in its particular season, God has programmed ...

Here is a marvelous thing. Instead of twelve different kinds of fruit trees, each bearing its fruit only in its particular season, God has programmed this tree to bear all of them, each in its proper time.

Defender: Rev 22:2 - every month There will still be a flow of time in the new earth, and some means (perhaps astronomical, as at present) of measuring time. Even though there will be...

There will still be a flow of time in the new earth, and some means (perhaps astronomical, as at present) of measuring time. Even though there will be no night in the city itself, since the glory of God perpetually illumines it, the sun and moon will still be in the sky, and may well continue the normal procession of days, months and years which God had originally established in His "very good" creation in the beginning (Gen 1:14, Gen 1:31). It is not that time will cease, as some teach, but that time will never end, "throughout all ages, world without end" (Eph 3:21)."

Defender: Rev 22:3 - no more curse The primeval curse (Gen 3:17-19) will be completely lifted from the new earth (see Rev 20:11, note; Rev 21:1, Rev 21:4, Rev 21:5, notes).

The primeval curse (Gen 3:17-19) will be completely lifted from the new earth (see Rev 20:11, note; Rev 21:1, Rev 21:4, Rev 21:5, notes).

Defender: Rev 22:3 - serve him Life in the new earth will be far more than mere rest and fellowship. There will be ample time for these, as well as for harps and singing, but there ...

Life in the new earth will be far more than mere rest and fellowship. There will be ample time for these, as well as for harps and singing, but there will also be work to do. This work will no doubt be referenced in some appropriate way to our service here in this life (Rev 22:12) and will surely be satisfying and fruitful work. In an infinite universe, with an eternity of time, we can never run out of things to do."

Defender: Rev 22:4 - their foreheads Note Rev 3:12; Rev 7:3."

Note Rev 3:12; Rev 7:3."

Defender: Rev 22:7 - blessed The promised blessing at the beginning of the Book of Revelation (Rev 1:3) is here repeated at its end, with an emphasis on the vital importance of ke...

The promised blessing at the beginning of the Book of Revelation (Rev 1:3) is here repeated at its end, with an emphasis on the vital importance of keeping (that is, safeguarding against dilution or distortion or addition) the "sayings" (that is, the very words) of the book, right up to the coming of the Lord."

Defender: Rev 22:11 - filthy still This startling pronouncement, apparently uttered by Christ Himself, indicates that the direction of one's character, as developed in this present life...

This startling pronouncement, apparently uttered by Christ Himself, indicates that the direction of one's character, as developed in this present life, will continue in the future life. In fact, the word "still" could well be translated "more." That is, those who refuse the righteousness of Christ in this life will not show regret or repentance when consigned to hell in the future life, but will increase in ungodliness and ugliness instead. That may even be a part of hell's torment, existing forever in an environment of increasing corruption. Those with Christ in the new Jerusalem, on the other hand, will continue to "grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ" (2Pe 3:18)."

Defender: Rev 22:14 - Blessed This is the seventh and last of the "blessings" in Revelation (the previous six are found in Rev 1:3; Rev 14:13; Rev 16:15; Rev 19:9; Rev 20:6; Rev 22...

This is the seventh and last of the "blessings" in Revelation (the previous six are found in Rev 1:3; Rev 14:13; Rev 16:15; Rev 19:9; Rev 20:6; Rev 22:7).

Defender: Rev 22:14 - do his commandments Some manuscripts read "wash their robes" instead of "keep His commandments," and it is true that men are not saved by the law, but by grace through fa...

Some manuscripts read "wash their robes" instead of "keep His commandments," and it is true that men are not saved by the law, but by grace through faith in the person and work of the Lord Jesus. There is a reference (Rev 7:14) to the tribulation saints who have "washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb," and the latter rendering would be consistent with that particular verse. However, there are at least a dozen other references in John's writings to keeping the commandments of Christ (Joh 14:15, Joh 14:21; Joh 15:10; 1Jo 2:3, 1Jo 2:4; 1Jo 3:22, 1Jo 3:24; 1Jo 5:2, 1Jo 5:3; Rev 12:17; Rev 14:12). Although no one is saved by keeping commandments, it is surely true that any person who is genuinely saved will love His commandments and seek to keep them. Jesus said: "If ye love me, keep my commandments" (Joh 14:15), and John would add: "Hereby we do know that we know him, if we keep his commandments. He that saith, I know him, and keepeth not his commandments, is a liar" (1Jo 2:3, 1Jo 2:4). It seems that the strong weight of internal evidence, as well as textual evidence, favors the traditional King James rendering."

Defender: Rev 22:15 - dogs The inclusion of "dogs" along with whoremongers, murderers and other gross sinners would indicate that the sin of being a "dog" is another flagrant pe...

The inclusion of "dogs" along with whoremongers, murderers and other gross sinners would indicate that the sin of being a "dog" is another flagrant perversion of God's moral law. The most likely connotation of such a pejorative would be the sin of sodomy, commonly practiced by the licentious Gentiles of John's time in their pagan temple worship (Rom 1:26, Rom 1:27). This meaning is derived from God's command in Deu 23:7, Deu 23:18 : "There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel. Thou shalt not bring the hire of a whore, or the price of a dog, into the house of the Lord thy God for any vow: for even both these are abomination unto the Lord thy God." The sin of homosexuality, as well as prostitution of any kind, is "abomination to the Lord," and whatsoever "worketh abomination" shall not enter the city (Rev 21:27)."

Defender: Rev 22:16 - churches This is the first reference to "churches" since the letters to the churches at the beginning of the book (Rev 3:22). This is undoubtedly because there...

This is the first reference to "churches" since the letters to the churches at the beginning of the book (Rev 3:22). This is undoubtedly because there will be no true churches in the world during the events of the tribulation period (Revelation 4-19). However, everything in the book is intended for the instruction of the churches in this present age.

Defender: Rev 22:16 - David The Lord Jesus Christ is both David's Creator and his descendant (Mat 22:41-46). That can only be true if He is indeed both God and Man.

The Lord Jesus Christ is both David's Creator and his descendant (Mat 22:41-46). That can only be true if He is indeed both God and Man.

Defender: Rev 22:16 - morning star Satan had aspired to be "Lucifer, son of the morning" (Isa 14:12), where "Lucifer" can also be translated "Day-Star" (Hebrew haylel), the bright star ...

Satan had aspired to be "Lucifer, son of the morning" (Isa 14:12), where "Lucifer" can also be translated "Day-Star" (Hebrew haylel), the bright star of the dawning. Here, however, Satan has been forever banished to the lake of fire. Christ proclaims that He alone is "the bright morning star." At the end of his Revelation, the Lord is reminding all readers that He, not Satan, is the harbinger of eternal light and life. The great conflict of the ages, between Satan and Christ, the old serpent and the promised Seed of the woman, will soon be over. Christ is the true Day-Star, Son of the morning."

Defender: Rev 22:17 - whosoever will This final invitation of the Bible urges "whosoever will" to come to Christ. The water of everlasting life is freely available to all who thirst for G...

This final invitation of the Bible urges "whosoever will" to come to Christ. The water of everlasting life is freely available to all who thirst for God and His righteousness. There is no need for anyone to go to hell, but salvation is given only to those who will come. Then, those who have come in answer to the invitation, will cry out for Christ to come. "Even so, come, Lord Jesus" (Rev 22:20)."

Defender: Rev 22:18 - the words Note the importance of the words. The conveyance of precise thoughts requires the use of precise words. Only the doctrine of verbal inerrancy adequate...

Note the importance of the words. The conveyance of precise thoughts requires the use of precise words. Only the doctrine of verbal inerrancy adequately expresses the true nature of Biblical inspiration. This warning at the end of the book of Revelation (in fact, the end of the Bible) stresses the necessity of literal interpretation. Actually, a literal interpretation is not an interpretation at all, for it takes the words at face value, assuming that the Holy Spirit (using the thoughts and abilities of the human writer whose words He inspired) was able to say exactly what He meant to say. Any kind of allegorical or figurative interpretation of those words (unless directly indicated in the context) assumes that the interpreter knows better than the Holy Spirit what He should be saying, and such an attitude is presumptuous, if not blasphemous.

Defender: Rev 22:18 - this book The word "book" is the Greek biblion (in Rev 22:19 it is biblos). This is where the "Bible" got its name. Here John warns against adding to the prophe...

The word "book" is the Greek biblion (in Rev 22:19 it is biblos). This is where the "Bible" got its name. Here John warns against adding to the prophecies given in the book of Revelation. However, in a broader sense, he would warn against adding to the Bible itself, for he was the last of the apostles; and Jesus had in effect told His apostles that He would send the Holy Spirit to bring all things to their remembrance, to guide them into all truth and to reveal to them things to come (Joh 14:26; Joh 15:26). Also, the Apostle Paul had written that the church would be "built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets," and that the truths of the New Testament would be "revealed unto his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit" (Eph 2:20; Eph 3:5). That "foundation" of divine revelation has been laid in the apostolic era, and thus need not be laid again. Furthermore, Paul had said that the gift of prophecy would cease once "that which is perfect [or 'complete'] is come" (1Co 13:8, 1Co 13:10). Therefore, there can be little doubt that John's warning in this vitally important verse at the end of the Bible applies to any new revelation. Both Christ and the apostles repeatedly warned against false prophets and here is the criterion by which to recognize such."

Defender: Rev 22:19 - take away from the words Even more serious a crime than adding words to the Bible (as many cults do) is that of taking away from its words (as numerous liberal theologians hav...

Even more serious a crime than adding words to the Bible (as many cults do) is that of taking away from its words (as numerous liberal theologians have done). Taking human reason with its evolutionary presuppositions as their guide instead of Biblical authority, the cultic and liberal approach has undermined every book of the Bible, especially the foundational book of Genesis and the consummational book of Revelation. As the Apostle Peter had already warned, they deny or allegorize "the promise of his coming" because they "willingly are ignorant" of the supernatural creation of the world in the beginning and its later cataclysmic destruction by the Great Flood (2Pe 3:3-6). These assumptions, they think, give them license to "wrest ... the Scriptures" however they please, but it can only be "unto their own destruction" (2Pe 3:16)."

Defender: Rev 22:20 - come quickly Here is Christ's last, and greatest, promise. Although the promise was given 1900 years ago, His coming has been imminent in every generation. In the ...

Here is Christ's last, and greatest, promise. Although the promise was given 1900 years ago, His coming has been imminent in every generation. In the scale of eternity, even 1900 years is a very brief period of time. In any case, His coming is sure; and when He does come, all the events associated with His coming will indeed take place quickly, as described in this book. In the meantime, we must simply obey His command to "occupy till I come" (Luk 19:13).

Defender: Rev 22:20 - come, Lord Jesus Here is the last, and very appropriate, prayer of the Bible. The Lord, indeed, taught us that our first request in praying should always be, in effect...

Here is the last, and very appropriate, prayer of the Bible. The Lord, indeed, taught us that our first request in praying should always be, in effect: "Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven" (Mat 6:10). Our attitude always should be to "love his appearing" (2Ti 4:8) and to "abide in him; that, when he shall appear, we may have confidence, and not be ashamed before him at his coming" (1Jo 2:28)."

Defender: Rev 22:21 - grace Paul always began and ended his epistles with reference to the grace of Christ, as did John in Revelation (Rev 1:4). It is all of grace - we live, are...

Paul always began and ended his epistles with reference to the grace of Christ, as did John in Revelation (Rev 1:4). It is all of grace - we live, are saved and die, all by the grace of God in Christ. "In the ages to come," our God of all grace will "shew the exceeding riches of his grace in his kindness toward us through Jesus Christ" (Eph 2:7). To paraphrase the words of John's benediction, the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ will indeed be with us all throughout the eternal ages to come, and we can only whisper in awe and thanksgiving: "Amen!""

TSK: Rev 22:1 - A pure // water // clear // proceeding A pure : Psa 36:8, Psa 46:4; Isa 41:18, Isa 48:18, Isa 66:12; Eze 47:1-9; Zec 14:8; Joh 7:38, Joh 7:39 water : Rev 7:17, Rev 21:6; Psa 36:9; Jer 2:13,...

TSK: Rev 22:2 - the midst // the tree of life // healing the midst : Rev 22:1, Rev 21:21; Eze 47:1, Eze 47:12 the tree of life : Rather, the definite article not being in the original, ""a tree of life;""for...

the midst : Rev 22:1, Rev 21:21; Eze 47:1, Eze 47:12

the tree of life : Rather, the definite article not being in the original, ""a tree of life;""for there were three trees; one in the street, and one on each side of the river. Rev 22:14, Rev 2:7; Gen 2:9, Gen 3:22-24; Pro 3:18

healing : Rev 21:24; Psa 147:3; Isa 6:10, Isa 57:18, Isa 57:19; Jer 17:14; Eze 47:8-11; Hos 14:4; Mal 4:2; Luk 4:18; 1Pe 2:24

TSK: Rev 22:3 - there // but // his there : Rev 21:4; Deu 27:26; Zec 14:11; Mat 25:41; Gen 3:10-13 but : Rev 7:15-17, Rev 21:22, Rev 21:23; Psa 16:11, Psa 17:15; Isa 12:6; Eze 48:35; Mat...

TSK: Rev 22:4 - they // and his they : Eze 33:18-20,Eze 33:23; Job 33:26; Psa 4:6; Isa 33:17, Isa 35:2, Isa 40:5; Mat 5:8; Joh 12:26, Joh 17:24; 1Co 13:12; Heb 12:14; 1Jo 3:2, 1Jo 3:...

TSK: Rev 22:5 - no night // and they no night : Rev 18:23, Rev 21:22-25; Psa 36:9, Psa 84:11; Pro 4:18, Pro 4:19; Isa 60:19, Isa 60:20 and they : Rev 3:21, Rev 11:15; Dan 7:18, Dan 7:27; ...

TSK: Rev 22:6 - These // the holy // sent // which These : Rev 19:9, Rev 21:5 the holy : Rev 18:20; Luk 1:70, Luk 16:16; Act 3:18; Rom 1:2; 1Pe 1:11, 1Pe 1:12; 2Pe 1:21, 2Pe 3:2 sent : Rev 1:1; Dan 3:2...

TSK: Rev 22:7 - I come // blessed I come : Rev 22:10,Rev 22:12, Rev 22:20, Rev 3:11 blessed : Rev 22:9, Rev 1:3

TSK: Rev 22:8 - I fell I fell : Rev 19:10,Rev 19:19

I fell : Rev 19:10,Rev 19:19

TSK: Rev 22:9 - See // worship God See : Rev 19:10; Deu 4:19; Col 2:18, Col 2:19; 1Jo 5:20 worship God : Rev 4:10, Rev 9:20, Rev 14:7, Rev 15:4; Exo 34:14; 2Ki 17:36; Psa 45:11; Mat 4:9...

TSK: Rev 22:10 - he saith // Seal // for he saith : Rev 22:12, Rev 22:13, Rev 22:16, Rev 22:20 Seal : Rev 5:1, Rev 10:4; Isa 8:16; Dan 8:26, Dan 12:4, Dan 12:9; Mat 10:27 for : Rev 1:3; Isa 1...

TSK: Rev 22:11 - that is unjust // and he that that is unjust : Rev 16:8-11, Rev 16:21; Psa 81:12; Pro 1:24-33, Pro 14:32; Ecc 11:3; Eze 3:27; Dan 12:10; Mat 15:14, Mat 21:19, Mat 25:10; Joh 8:21; ...

TSK: Rev 22:12 - I come // and my // to give I come : Rev 22:7; Zep 1:14 and my : Rev 11:18; Isa 3:10,Isa 3:11, Isa 40:10, Isa 62:11; 1Co 3:8, 1Co 3:14, 1Co 9:17, 1Co 9:18 to give : Rev 20:12; Ma...

TSK: Rev 22:13 - -- Rev 1:8, Rev 1:11, Rev 21:6; Isa 41:4, Isa 44:6, Isa 48:12

TSK: Rev 22:14 - Blessed // may have // to the // and may Blessed : Rev 22:7; Psa 106:3-5, Psa 112:1, Psa 119:1-6; Isa 56:1, Isa 56:2; Dan 12:12; Mat 7:21-27; Luk 12:37, Luk 12:38; Joh 14:15, Joh 14:21-23, Jo...

TSK: Rev 22:15 - without // dogs // sorcerers // whoremongers // whosoever without : Rev 9:20,Rev 9:21, Rev 21:8, Rev 21:27; 1Co 6:9, 1Co 6:10; Gal 5:19-21; Eph 5:3-6; Col 3:6 dogs : Phi 3:2 sorcerers : Rev 9:21, Rev 18:23; I...

TSK: Rev 22:16 - I Jesus // to testify // I am // the bright Rev 22:1, Rev 22:11, Rev 2:7, Rev 2:11, Rev 2:17, Rev 2:29, Rev 3:6, Rev 3:13, Rev 3:22 I Jesus : Rev 22:6, Rev 1:1 to testify : Rev 22:20 I am : Rev ...

TSK: Rev 22:17 - the Spirit // the bride // Come // let him that heareth // let him that is athirst // let him take // freely the Spirit : Rev 22:16; Isa 55:1-3; Joh 16:7-15 the bride : Rev 21:2, Rev 21:9 Come : Isa 2:5 let him that heareth : Psa 34:8; Isa 2:3, Isa 2:5, Isa 4...

the Spirit : Rev 22:16; Isa 55:1-3; Joh 16:7-15

the bride : Rev 21:2, Rev 21:9

Come : Isa 2:5

let him that heareth : Psa 34:8; Isa 2:3, Isa 2:5, Isa 48:16-18; Jer 50:5; Mic 4:2; Zec 8:21-23; Joh 1:39-46, Joh 4:29; 1Th 1:5-8

let him that is athirst : Rev 21:6; Isa 55:1; Joh 7:37

let him take : Isa 12:3; Joh 4:10,Joh 4:14

freely : Rom 3:24; 1Co 2:12

TSK: Rev 22:18 - testify // heareth // If // God testify : Rev 22:16, Rev 3:14; Eph 4:17; 1Th 4:6 heareth : Rev 1:3 If : Deu 4:2, Deu 12:32; Pro 30:6; Mat 15:6-9, Mat 15:13 God : Rev 14:10,Rev 14:11,...

TSK: Rev 22:19 - take // God // out of the book of life // and out // and from take : Rev 2:18; Luk 11:52 God : Rev 3:5, Rev 13:8; Exo 32:33; Psa 69:28 out of the book of life : or, from the tree of life, Rev 22:2 and out : Rev 2...

take : Rev 2:18; Luk 11:52

God : Rev 3:5, Rev 13:8; Exo 32:33; Psa 69:28

out of the book of life : or, from the tree of life, Rev 22:2

and out : Rev 21:2, Rev 21:22-27

and from : Rev 22:12, Rev 1:3, Rev 2:7, Rev 2:11, Rev 2:17, Rev 2:26, Rev 3:4, Rev 3:5, Rev 3:12, Rev 3:21, Rev 7:9-17, Rev 14:13

TSK: Rev 22:20 - which // Surely // Amen which : Rev 22:18 Surely : Rev 22:7, Rev 22:10,Rev 22:12 Amen : Rev 1:18; Son 8:14; Isa 25:9; Joh 21:25; 2Ti 4:8; Heb 9:28; 2Pe 3:12-14

TSK: Rev 22:21 - -- Rev 1:4; Rom 1:7, Rom 16:20,Rom 16:24; 2Co 13:14; Eph 6:23, Eph 6:24; 2Th 3:18

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Rev 22:1 - And he // Showed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal // Proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb Rev 22:1,2 The river and tree of life. Rev 22:3-7 The glorious state of the servants of God. Rev 22:8,9 John is forbidden by the angel to wor...

Rev 22:1,2 The river and tree of life.

Rev 22:3-7 The glorious state of the servants of God.

Rev 22:8,9 John is forbidden by the angel to worship him,

Rev 22:10,11 and commanded to seal up the prophet.

Rev 22:12,13 Christ’ s coming and eternity.

Rev 22:14-17 The blessedness of them that do God’ s commandments.

Rev 22:18-20 Nothing must be added to or taken from this prophecy.

Rev 22:21 The concluding benediction.

And he the angel, who showed him all before mentioned.

Showed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal: no place can be happy without the accommodation of water; those places have the best accommodation of it that are near a river, especially a pure river. To let us know, that in heaven there shall be no want of any thing that can make the saints happy, it is described as having by it, or running through it, a pure river, whose water is clear, and no ordinary water, but such as giveth and preserveth life. What could this signify, but the pure and unmixed joys of heaven?

Proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb flowing from the saints thee enjoying of God and Jesus Christ.

Poole: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life // Which bare twelve manner of fruits // And yielded her fruit every month // And the leaves of the trees were for the healing of the nations In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life: trees, especially fruit trees, and those laden with fr...

In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life: trees, especially fruit trees, and those laden with fruit, and variety of fruit, and such as, instead of being prejudicial to life, are wholesome, and give life, are very beautiful, especially in or near a city. The city in Ezekiel’ s vision, Eze 47:7 , is thus described. This expression further shows the infinite pleasure and soul satisfaction the saints shall have in heaven. But we are further told here, that the tree here was the tree of life; a manifest allusion to a tree so called in old Paradise, Gen 2:9 ; and who can this agree to, but Christ?

Which bare twelve manner of fruits in whom all fulness dwelt, the fulness of the Godhead, and who was anointed, and received the Spirit without measure.

And yielded her fruit every month and is daily distributing of his fulness to his people.

And the leaves of the trees were for the healing of the nations and in whom there is nothing useless, but what tends either to the life or healing of his people out of all nations.

Poole: Rev 22:3 - And there shall be no more curse // But the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it // And his servants shall serve him And there shall be no more curse nothing that is devoted to the devil, katanayema , no accursed person, or thing. But the throne of God and of the L...

And there shall be no more curse nothing that is devoted to the devil, katanayema , no accursed person, or thing.

But the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it the presence of a holy and pure God will prevent and forbid that.

And his servants shall serve him it is a place in which God alone shall be served by his own servants.

Poole: Rev 22:4 - And they shall see his face // And his name shall be in their foreheads And they shall see his face it is a phrase by which the happiness of the glorified saints is oft expressed, Mat 5:8 1Co 13:12 Heb 12:14 1Jo 3:2 ; the...

And they shall see his face it is a phrase by which the happiness of the glorified saints is oft expressed, Mat 5:8 1Co 13:12 Heb 12:14 1Jo 3:2 ; they shall enjoy him immediately.

And his name shall be in their foreheads there shall be none that have the name of the beast on their foreheads; they shall have God’ s name on their foreheads, and be so manifested to be the sons of God.

Poole: Rev 22:6 - -- All the words of this book, particularly the things of the last vision, are such as proceed from him who is the faithful witness, Rev 1:5 3:14 ; fr...

All the words of this book, particularly the things of the last vision, are such as proceed from him who is the faithful witness, Rev 1:5 3:14 ; from him who was called faithful, Rev 19:11 ; and which God will show himself true and faithful in bringing to pass: and such things as God hath revealed to his prophets under the Old Testament in part, and now to me his prophet, to show to his people the things that shall come to pass, and shall shortly begin to be accomplished: See Poole on "Rev 1:1" .

Poole: Rev 22:7 - I come quickly // the prophecy of this book I come quickly to the last judgment. He is a happy man that observeth and keepeth in memory, that understandeth, believeth, and liveth up to the pro...

I come quickly to the last judgment. He is a happy man that observeth and keepeth in memory, that understandeth, believeth, and liveth up to

the prophecy of this book

Poole: Rev 22:8 - I John saw these things // And heard them I John saw these things I saw the vision. And heard them I heard the words spoken to me relating to them.

I John saw these things I saw the vision.

And heard them I heard the words spoken to me relating to them.

Poole: Rev 22:9 - See thou do it not // For I am thy fellow servant, and of thy brethren the prophets // and of them which keep the sayings of this book See thou do it not: See Poole on "Rev 19:10". For I am thy fellow servant, and of thy brethren the prophets whose employment is the same with thine,...

See thou do it not: See Poole on "Rev 19:10".

For I am thy fellow servant, and of thy brethren the prophets whose employment is the same with thine, to reveal the will of God;

and of them which keep the sayings of this book yea, and a brother to all the servants of God. Thou mistakest the object of thine adoration, I am a created being, and can accept no such homage.

Poole: Rev 22:10 - And he saith unto me // Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book // For the time is at hand And he saith unto me this he is Christ, as appeareth from Rev 22:12,13 . Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book let these things be op...

And he saith unto me this he is Christ, as appeareth from Rev 22:12,13 .

Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book let these things be open to be promulgated, and published to the whole church.

For the time is at hand for it will not be long before they shall begin to be fulfilled.

Poole: Rev 22:11 - He that is unjust, let him be unjust still: and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still // And he that is righteous, let him be righteous still: and he that is holy, let him be holy still He that is unjust, let him be unjust still: and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still: it may be the keeping of this book open, and the publica...

He that is unjust, let him be unjust still: and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still: it may be the keeping of this book open, and the publication of it, will displease wicked and filthy men; but let them be displeased, the truths of God must not be concealed.

And he that is righteous, let him be righteous still: and he that is holy, let him be holy still: it will, on the other side, confirm the servants of God in their faith, patience, and holiness, and all the fruits of righteousness.

Poole: Rev 22:12 - I come quickly // And my reward is with me I come quickly to the last judgment, as before, Rev 22:7 . And my reward is with me I bring with me a power and authority to recompense every man a...

I come quickly to the last judgment, as before, Rev 22:7 .

And my reward is with me I bring with me a power and authority to recompense every man according to what he hath done, Rev 20:13 Dan 12:2 Mat 25:34,35 , &c.; Rom 2:6 .

PBC: Rev 22:1 - -- Re 22:1-2 And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. In the midst of the s...

Re 22:1-2 And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month: and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.

This is that water of life which Jesus promised to the Samaritan woman whom He met at the well. " And he said unto me, It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely" {Re 21:6} "And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely." {Re 22:17} This water of life is needed to quench the thirst of the Church in the earth.

The tree of life gives the healing balm of Gilead. All nations which bring their praise into the Church are blessed with this tree of life which draws sustenance from the river of life. The Word of God declares that a man blessed whose delight is in the law of the Lord. " And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper." {Ps 1:3} The Church in the earth is blessed when she depends upon God for her every need.— Eld. Charles Taylor

PBC: Rev 22:3 - And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof. And the nations of them which are saved shall walk in the light of it. God has removed the curse of the law by His death on the cross for our sins. He has removed the trappings of the law by the destruction of the temple....

God has removed the curse of the law by His death on the cross for our sins. He has removed the trappings of the law by the destruction of the temple. His throne is far above all principalities and powers. He sits in the midst of the congregation and is ever present in the worship of the Church when it is done in truth and verity. His servants serve him by glorifying His name and adorning the Church with praise. They indeed see His face in the mirror of their hearts. His name is written in their foreheads and all who converse with them see the evidence of His high calling. And they join in singing a new song before the throne, and no man can learn that song but the redeemed.

" And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof. And the nations of them which are saved shall walk in the light of it." {Re 21:23-24} The natural things of the world cannot furnish light to the Church. Neither light of day nor darkness of night can alter the light which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. " In him was life; and the life was the light of men. And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not." {Joh 1:4-5} —Eld. Charles Taylor

PBC: Rev 22:6 - -- Re 22:6-7 And he said unto me, These sayings are faithful and true: and the Lord God of the holy prophets sent his angel to shew unto his servants the...

Re 22:6-7 And he said unto me, These sayings are faithful and true: and the Lord God of the holy prophets sent his angel to shew unto his servants the things which must shortly be done. Behold, I come quickly: blessed is he that keepeth the sayings of the prophecy of this book.

Jesus is indeed the Lord God of the holy prophets. The message is that these things must shortly be done. In the beginning of this book, the message was the same: " The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave unto him, to show unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass." {Re 1:1} The message at the end of the book is behold I come quickly. All who obey and flee from destruction are blessed. The prophecy of this book is sure and certain.— Eld. Charles Taylor

PBC: Rev 22:8 - -- This was a strong angel -one of the angels which had the seven vials of wrath. Yet, he was also a servant of God sent to testify of the things which w...

This was a strong angel -one of the angels which had the seven vials of wrath. Yet, he was also a servant of God sent to testify of the things which were shown to John. Many follow the worship of angels and the elements of the earth. None of these is worthy to receive the same honor due to God and to His Son Jesus Christ. John was told to worship God.— Eld. Charles Taylor

PBC: Rev 22:10 - -- Daniel was told to seal up the vision and prophecy until the time of the end. " But thou, O Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, even to the ...

Daniel was told to seal up the vision and prophecy until the time of the end. " But thou, O Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, even to the time of the end: many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased." {Da 12:4} John is told the time is at hand. God has closed the door of the congregation against these self righteous Jews and all who reject the prophecy of this book. All men will come before God even as they are now. Every man will receive a just recompense for his deeds. The Greek word for reward is misthos, meaning to pay for service. Reward, or payment for services is not a condition of eternity. Grace is not conditioned upon services rendered. Therefore, this is speaking of the time world. The time of no return is past. Let all men remain as they are at present. Jerusalem has passed the time of God’s leniency, and the day of His mercy has passed.— Eld. Charles Taylor

PBC: Rev 22:13 - -- Here are the words of the Just Judge of all the world. There is no higher court to which men may appeal. He is the First and the Last.— Eld. Charles...

Here are the words of the Just Judge of all the world. There is no higher court to which men may appeal. He is the First and the Last.— Eld. Charles Taylor

PBC: Rev 22:14 - -- Here we find further proof that these passages are speaking of the Church. This verse places the responsibility upon the individual. The responsibilit...

Here we find further proof that these passages are speaking of the Church. This verse places the responsibility upon the individual. The responsibility lies in doing His commandments. The rebellious Jews did not come to Jesus. He told them, " Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me. And ye will not come to me, that ye might have life." {Joh 5:39-40} We also hear Him say by way of invitation: " Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls." {Mt 11:28-29} There were in the time of Jesus, and may be now, those who are outside enjoying the things of the world. They are among the dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie. These will receive a just recompense of reward for deeds done in this body.

This testimony is to the Churches. We are warned by none other than Jesus Christ. He is the root and offspring of David. He is the Bright and Morning Star. We are warned of His sovereign power to do whatsoever is right. Neither the inhabitants of the earth, nor the armies in heaven can question that right.— Eld. Charles Taylor

PBC: Rev 22:17 - -- Re 22:17 And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him tak...

Re 22:17 And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely.

Quickening the dead sinner to life is the work of the Holy Spirit. Now we recognize a precious truth! This same Holy Spirit which gave life now calls to the one quickened to come. Also the Bride, the Church of the living God, joins with the Groom in the sweet invitation. Then all who hear the chorus join in saying, Come! Now whosoever will, the sinner who has his will changed in regeneration is bid to take of the water of life freely.— Eld. Charles Taylor

PBC: Rev 22:18 - -- Are you a hearer of the things of God? The hearers are the ones who are endangered by adding to these sayings of Jesus Christ. Read again the plagues ...

Are you a hearer of the things of God? The hearers are the ones who are endangered by adding to these sayings of Jesus Christ. Read again the plagues which were poured out on those who disobeyed throughout Jerusalem. Jesus says these shall be added to those who go further than the word teaches.— Eld. Charles Taylor

PBC: Rev 22:19 - -- There is also a woe pronounced on all who shall take away from the word of God. God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the h...

There is also a woe pronounced on all who shall take away from the word of God. God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city. I would call your attention to the fact that this is not The Lamb’s Book of Life. David calls on God to " Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation; and uphold me with thy free spirit. Then will I teach transgressors thy ways; and sinners shall be converted unto thee." {Ps 51:12-13} Under the Jewish laws a man was subject to having his name removed from the Jewish book of genealogy. This had nothing to do with eternal things. The Lamb’s Book of Life is an eternal roll of those chosen in Christ from the foundation of the world. To remove any part of these names would question the foreknowledge of God. David spoke of those who hated him without a cause: " Let his posterity be cut off; and in the generation following let their name be blotted out. Let the iniquity of his fathers be remembered with the LORD; and let not the sin of his mother be blotted out. Let them be before the LORD continually, that he may cut off the memory of them from the earth. Because that he remembered not to show mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart." {Ps 109:13-16} Their memory would be cut off. Many have been blotted out because of rebellion. Their names and works have been forgotten among the righteous. Jesus spoke again of this in the parable of the branches. " I am the vine, ye are the branches: he that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye can do nothing. If a man abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered; and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned. If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you. Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit; so shall ye be my disciples." {Joh 15:5-8} The good works of many children of God have been burned because of careless living.— Eld. Charles Taylor

PBC: Rev 22:20 - -- As there was great rejoicing among the saints of God when the great whore was destroyed, so is there great anticipation among the saints of God when J...

As there was great rejoicing among the saints of God when the great whore was destroyed, so is there great anticipation among the saints of God when Jesus comes into the midst and cleanses the body of sin. They can truly say, Even so, come, Lord Jesus. It is His good pleasure to say to His children who are found doing the things commanded them, " The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen."— Eld. Charles Taylor

Haydock: Rev 22:1 - A river of water of life A river of water of life, or of living water. It is spoken with allusion to the rivers of paradise and to the tree of life. (Witham)

A river of water of life, or of living water. It is spoken with allusion to the rivers of paradise and to the tree of life. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:2 - For the healing of the nations For the healing of the nations, or Gentiles, to signify the call of all Gentiles or nations to this heavenly happiness. (Witham)

For the healing of the nations, or Gentiles, to signify the call of all Gentiles or nations to this heavenly happiness. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:4 - They shall see his face They shall see his face. Thus in a few words is expressed the happiness of the blessed in heaven; they shall see God, from which vision proceed lo...

They shall see his face. Thus in a few words is expressed the happiness of the blessed in heaven; they shall see God, from which vision proceed love, joy, and everlasting praises of the divine Majesty. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:6 - These words are most faithful // The Lord God of the spirits of the prophets sent his Angel to shew These words are most faithful. Here begins the conclusion and close of all these revelations. --- The Lord God of the spirits of the prophets sent ...

These words are most faithful. Here begins the conclusion and close of all these revelations. ---

The Lord God of the spirits of the prophets sent his Angel to shew, &c. and in the 16th verse it is said: I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify: from whence we may understand that Jesus, as to his person, is the same Lord God with the Father, though as man he is the root of the offspring of David, of the race of David, as the Messias was to be. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:7 - Behold I come quickly Behold I come quickly. Man's life is short, and at his death he must give an account to God. All time is short, if compared with eternity. St. Joh...

Behold I come quickly. Man's life is short, and at his death he must give an account to God. All time is short, if compared with eternity. St. John (ver. 8) was again for casting himself at the feet of the Angel, though here it is not expressed whether it were to adore God, or whether it were by an inferior veneration to the Angel, often expressed by adoration. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:8-9 - -- This is the second time the saint wishes to adore the Angel, but not with the supreme worship of latria, as he knew the object of his worship was on...

This is the second time the saint wishes to adore the Angel, but not with the supreme worship of latria, as he knew the object of his worship was only an Angel, and of course a mere creature; but the Angel, through respect for St. John, still refuses the proffered honour, (see Chap. xix. 10.) and to shew the holy society that was hereafter to exist between Angels and men, who were to compose but one and the same family. (Bible de Vence)

Haydock: Rev 22:10 - Seal not the words Seal not the words; as not designed to be kept sealed or secret, but to be delivered to the faithful for their instruction, that they may be prepared...

Seal not the words; as not designed to be kept sealed or secret, but to be delivered to the faithful for their instruction, that they may be prepared to suffer persecutions; that their faith, hope, and charity may be enlivened and increased by a firm expectation of their happiness in the next world, after short sufferings in this. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:11 - He that hurteth He that hurteth, (by living in sins against God, himself, and his neighbours) let him hurt still; i.e. he shall be permitted; and he that is just,...

He that hurteth, (by living in sins against God, himself, and his neighbours) let him hurt still; i.e. he shall be permitted; and he that is just, let him be justified still, and increase in virtues by God's assistance. (Witham) ---

It is not an exhortation or license to go on in sin, but an intimation that how far soever the wicked may proceed, their progress shall quickly end, and then they must expect to meet with proportionable punishments. (Challoner)

Haydock: Rev 22:13 - I am alpha and omega I am alpha and omega. See Chap. i. 8. (Witham)

I am alpha and omega. See Chap. i. 8. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:14 - That they may have a right That they may have a right or power to eat of the tree of life. A right grounded on the promises of God and his graces. (Witham)

That they may have a right or power to eat of the tree of life. A right grounded on the promises of God and his graces. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:15 - Without Without are dogs; meaning unbelievers, and whosever loveth and maketh a lie, i.e. all the wicked, who have not walked in the ways of truth. (With...

Without are dogs; meaning unbelievers, and whosever loveth and maketh a lie, i.e. all the wicked, who have not walked in the ways of truth. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:17 - And the Spirit and the bride say: Come And the Spirit and the bride say: Come . This is, the Spirit of God, who moves us to love and praise him; and the bride, i.e. the Church, the spo...

And the Spirit and the bride say: Come . This is, the Spirit of God, who moves us to love and praise him; and the bride, i.e. the Church, the spouse of Christ, which earnestly desires to be happy in the enjoyment of God: and every one that heareth these divine promises, let him with all the affections of his soul, with his whole heart, say: Come. He that thirsteth after justice, the Author and Fountain of all justice, let him come and be filled gratis by the bounty and liberality of our merciful God. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:18-19 - I I, John, testify and bear witness of all the truths contained in this revelation: If any man shall add to these things, he becomes guilty of sin,...

I, John, testify and bear witness of all the truths contained in this revelation: If any man shall add to these things, he becomes guilty of sin, and makes himself liable to the punishments and plagues that are written in this book. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:20-21 - He that giveth testimony of these things // Come, Lord Jesus He that giveth testimony of these things, i.e. God, and Jesus Christ by an Angel, saith, surely, (or even so, or truly, these are certain truths) ...

He that giveth testimony of these things, i.e. God, and Jesus Christ by an Angel, saith, surely, (or even so, or truly, these are certain truths) I come quickly, to reward the good and punish the evil. To which words St. John himself replieth with a zealous prayer and earnest desire, saying, Amen, let it be so. ---

Come, Lord Jesus: come, and remain always in my soul by thy grace, and make me partaker of thy glory for ever and ever. Amen. (Witham) ---

Conclusion. The Church in sighs and groans, and by the mouth of her children, solicits the coming of Jesus Christ, her divine Spouse. The fruit to be drawn from the perusal of this sacred book, is ardently to desire the kingdom of God, to sigh after the day of eternity, to feel the weight of the yoke of the present life, and the disgrace of our exile, and to live here below as strangers. Enkindle in me, O Lord, this desire; enable my poor soul to join with the beloved disciple in this prayer: Come Lord Jesus; that she may go and lose herself in Thee, who art her Centre, her God, her All.

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Gill: Rev 22:1 - And he showed me a pure river of water of life // clear as crystal // proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb And he showed me a pure river of water of life,.... Not baptism, which used to be administered in rivers and pools of water; and which engaged to puri...

And he showed me a pure river of water of life,.... Not baptism, which used to be administered in rivers and pools of water; and which engaged to purity of life; and, the power and authority of administering which was from God and Christ; but in this Jerusalem state there will be no use nor need of ordinances; for Rev 22:1 belongs to the preceding chapter, and is a continuation of the same account, this being not a new vision, but a part of the former, which the same angel, as in Rev 21:9 proceeds to show to John: nor is the Holy Ghost intended by this river, whose gifts and graces are sometimes, for their plenty, purity, and quickening virtue, compared to rivers of living water; and who is a pure and holy Spirit, and proceeds from the Father and the Son: nor the doctrine of the Gospel, which comes from the blessed God, and is the Gospel of Christ; and, when purely and faithfully preached, is clear as crystal; and is the means of conveying spiritual life to men, and of supporting it in them: nor the ultimate joys of heaven, which may be called a river of pleasure, for the fulness and variety of delight; pure, and clear as crystal, for the holiness and perfect knowledge of that state; and be said to proceed from the throne of God and the Lamb, being the free gift of God through Christ; but this state is not designed here: rather, therefore, by this river is meant the everlasting love of God, which may be compared to a river for its largeness and abundance, its height and depth, its length and breadth; and for the large displays of it in this state, when its waters will increase, and be a broad river to swim in, and be unpassable; and for the streams of it in election, redemption, calling, justification, pardon, adoption, and eternal life, which make glad the city of God; and for the pleasure it yields, and the fruitfulness it gives to those who drink of it: it may be called a river "of water of life", because in the present state of things it quickens such who are dead in trespasses and sins; revives the saints when dead and lifeless, supports their spirits, and is a cordial that preserves from fainting; it keeps and secures from dying the second death and is the spring and source of eternal life; and that itself will last and flow for ever, it is ever running water, it is everlasting love: and it may be said to be pure and

clear as crystal, it being free from all hypocrisy and dissimulation, being real, hearty, and sincere, both in the Father and in Christ, of which the fullest proofs and demonstrations are given; and being clear of all motives and conditions in the creature, by which it might be influenced; and it engaging to purity and holiness of life and conversation; for the doctrine, which brings the account of it, and the inward principle of grace, which is the fruit of it, and every discovery of it, have a tendency hereunto:

proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb; not taking its rise from man's obedience, nor from his love to God, nor from his faith in Christ; for the love of God is prior to all these, and is the spring and cause of them, and therefore cannot be moved and influenced by them; but it has its origin from the sovereignty of God and of Christ, signified by the throne of both, who will be gracious to whom they will be gracious; nor can any reason be given why they love any of the sons of men, but their own sovereign will and pleasure; this is the sole motive, spring, and cause of their love; and God and the Lamb being mentioned together, shows both the equal dignity of their persons, being on the same throne, and the equality of their love to the inhabitants of the new Jerusalem: and thus, as a river adds to the pleasure, use, convenience, and wholesomeness of a city, this glorious city is commended by such a river running by it, or in the midst of it: there may be an allusion to the river which ran out of the garden of Eden, for this will be a paradisiacal state, Gen 2:9 or rather to the waters in Eze 47:1 which came from under the threshold of the Sanctuary; though this river proceeds not from the temple, there being no temple in this state, but from the throne of God and the Lamb, which is instead of it.

Gill: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street of it // and on either side of the river was there the tree of life // which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month // and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations In the midst of the street of it,.... That is, of the city described in the preceding chapter, which shows that this vision belongs to that, and is a ...

In the midst of the street of it,.... That is, of the city described in the preceding chapter, which shows that this vision belongs to that, and is a continuation of it, and which street was all of pure gold, Rev 21:21

and on either side of the river was there the tree of life; not that it stood either in the midst of the street of the city, which being a pavement of gold, a tree could not well stand there; nor on both sides of the river, which is impossible, unless the tree of life is put for many trees of the same kind, as in Ezekiel's vision, to which the allusion is; and so some were on one side of the river, and some on the other, as there; see Eze 47:7 or unless it can be thought that such a solution of the difficulty is sufficient, that the root of it was on one side, and the branches grew over to the other; though the words may be better rendered, and the difficulty will be removed, and the sense be clear, "between the street of it", the city, "and the river, on this side, and on that side"; that is, the street on one side, and the river on the other, was the tree of life; compare with this Joh 19:18. So the Jews say e, that the tree of life is in the midst of paradise, and its body covers all the garden; and that there is in it five hundred thousand different tastes; and that there is no likeness and smell like it. By the tree of life is meant not the Gospel, nor godliness, nor eternal life, nor any other of the divine Persons, but Christ, who is the author of life, natural, spiritual, and eternal; See Gill on Rev 2:7 and its situation between the street of the city, where the saints commune and converse together, and the river of God's everlasting love, which in this state will appear in its fulness and glory, shows that Christ will be seen and enjoyed by all in the most delightful and comfortable manner that can be wished for:

which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month; not one sort of fruit one month, and another sort another month, and so on, but twelve sorts every month; which is expressive of the fruits and spiritual blessings of grace from Christ, enjoyed by saints in the present state, and of that variety of happiness and pleasures to be had in this glorious state, and of the continuance of them; they being always ever fresh and new, and will be always sufficient for the twelve tribes of the true Israel of God, and for all that have embraced the doctrine of the twelve apostles of the Lamb; whose drink in this state will be the everlasting love of God, and whose food will be the fruit of the tree of life; both which they shall enjoy in great abundance:

and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations; not for the curing of diseases, or repairing of health; which in the present state of things is done by the application of the blood of Christ for the pardon of sin, which is a healing of diseases, and by the discoveries of the love of God; through the ministration of the Gospel, and the doctrines of it, which might be thought to be signified by leaves; for there will be no disease either of body or mind in this state; besides, the nations that will walk in the light of this city will be saved perfectly and completely, Rev 21:4 but these leaves will be for the preserving and continuing the health of the people of God in this state, as the tree of life in Eden's garden was for the preservation of the health and life of Adam, had he continued in a state of innocence; and it denotes that everything in Christ will contribute to the comfort, health, and happiness of the saints. The Jews interpret the passage in Eze 47:12 to which this refers, of future time, or the world to come f; and speak of various trees and herbs of great fragrancy and medicinal virtues, which grow quite round on the sides of a laver that stands in paradise g.

Gill: Rev 22:3 - And there shall be no more curse // but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it // and his servants shall serve him And there shall be no more curse,.... As there was in Eden, from whence a river came, and where was a tree of life; for there the serpent cursed for h...

And there shall be no more curse,.... As there was in Eden, from whence a river came, and where was a tree of life; for there the serpent cursed for his concern in man's transgression, and the earth on account of it; but in this new earth, and paradisiacal state, and on the inhabitants of it, will be no curse; here will be no sin, the cause of the curse, nor pain and sorrow, nor death, corporeal, spiritual, and eternal, or the wrath of God, the several effects of sin, and parts of the curse; the curse of the law cannot here take place; for, besides the righteousness of Christ, which all in the new Jerusalem will be clothed with, and so be blessed and secure from the curse, they will be perfectly pure and holy in nature, and constant and complete in their obedience and service; they will always do the will of God on earth, as it is done in heaven; no accursed person, or anyone devoted to ruin and destruction, will be here; not the old serpent, the devil, he will be shut up in the bottomless pit; nor the blasphemous beast and false prophet, they will be taken and cast alive into the lake of fire before this time comes; no cursing, or accursed men will dwell here; not such who curse themselves, or the saints, or such who will be bid to depart as cursed, these will be destroyed in the general conflagration; nor will there be any anathema denounced against any person, for here wilt be no introducers of another Gospel, nor any that do not love the Lord Jesus Christ; nor will any be an anathema, or accursed from Christ, excommunicated from the church of Christ, for that will have no members deserving of that; none but what are pure and undefiled; see Zec 14:11

but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it; God himself will be there, his tabernacle will be among men; the name of this city will be "Jehovah Shammah", the Lord is here; the pure and spotless Lamb of God, the Son of the Blessed, will be here, whose presence will make it an happy state; these will both have their throne, or seat, here; they will sit on one throne, being the one God over all, blessed for ever; this city will be the city of the great King, where his royal glory and majesty will be most illustriously displayed, and which will greatly make for the felicity of this state, and secure it from the curse:

and his servants shall serve him: either the angels, who are ministering spirits, and the servants of God and of the Lamb; or the ministers of the Gospel, the servants of the most high God; or rather all the true followers of Christ, who shall be where he is, and "serve him": both God and the Lamb, who are one in nature, though two distinct persons; wherefore serving them both is not serving two masters: and the service the saints will be employed in, in this state, will not be preaching the word, or attending on the ministry of it, or subjecting to ordinances, which will now be at an end, but celebrating the praises of God, adoring the perfections of his nature, ascribing the glory of every providence, and of all salvation to him, and magnifying the riches of his grace; and this they will perform in the most spiritual, fervent, and perfect manner, and that continually; see Rev 7:15.

Gill: Rev 22:4 - And they shall see his face // And his name shall be in their foreheads And they shall see his face,.... The face of God, so as he is not to be seen now; they shall see him as he is; not only the angels, who always behold ...

And they shall see his face,.... The face of God, so as he is not to be seen now; they shall see him as he is; not only the angels, who always behold the face of God, but all the saints, risen and changed, being pure in heart, and perfectly holy; they shall see him face to face, they shall have intimate and familiar communion with him; they shall enjoy his favour, and have the freest and largest discoveries of his love; and they shall see the face of the Lamb; they shall behold Christ and his glory both with the eyes of their understanding, and with the eyes of their bodies; and this is a very desirable sight, and will be very glorious and delightful; it will be fully satisfying, and will make the saints like unto him; it will be free from all darkness and any interruption, and will always continue.

And his name shall be in their foreheads; they shall be known to be his servants, as if his name was written and bore on their foreheads; it will be a clear case that they are the children and people of God; now they are, but it is not known, at least not so known as it will be in this state; and they will also in the fullest and freest manner own God to be their God, and the Lamb to be their Redeemer; they will be under no fear of man, nor be under any temptation to be ashamed of Christ, or of his service; see Rev 14:1. Some think there is an allusion to the inscription on the mitre of the high priest's forehead, "holiness to the Lord", the saints being now openly, visibly, and perfectly holy.

Gill: Rev 22:5 - And there shall be no night there // and they need no candle, nor the light of the sun // for the Lord God giveth them light // and they shall reign for ever and ever And there shall be no night there,.... This is repeated from Rev 21:25 to express the certainty of it, and to observe, that the happiness of this stat...

And there shall be no night there,.... This is repeated from Rev 21:25 to express the certainty of it, and to observe, that the happiness of this state will greatly lie in the light thereof; it will be one everlasting day, ημεÏα αιωνος, "day of eternity", or eternal day, as in 2Pe 3:18

and they need no candle, nor the light of the sun; neither artificial nor natural light; neither the dimmer light of the ceremonial law, under the legal dispensation, which was like a candle lighted up in Judea; nor the more clear light of the Gospel and its ordinances, under the present dispensation, which now will be at an end:

for the Lord God giveth them light; immediately from himself, without the use of means and ordinances; and in his light the saints will see all things clearly; who will be always communicating it to them, and will be their everlasting light; See Gill on Rev 21:23.

and they shall reign for ever and ever; they are made kings now, and in this state they shall reign with Christ for the space of a thousand years; and when they are ended, they shall not cease to reign; nor will Christ, when he delivers up the kingdom to the Father, for his and their kingdom is an everlasting one, Rev 1:6 and here ends the account of this glorious state of things; what follows is the conclusion of the whole book.

Gill: Rev 22:6 - And he said unto me // these sayings are faithful and true // And the Lord God of the holy prophets sent his angel to show unto his servants the things which must shortly be done And he said unto me,.... That is, the angel that talked with him, and showed him the above things: these sayings are faithful and true; not only wh...

And he said unto me,.... That is, the angel that talked with him, and showed him the above things:

these sayings are faithful and true; not only what are delivered in particular concerning the new Jerusalem state, in which are many things new, and unheard of before, and which may seem strange, and even incredible, but all that are written in this book, Rev 22:7 all which are "faithful"; to be believed by all that read them, and in the fulfilment of which the faithfulness of God is engaged and displayed: and they are true; for they come from the God of truth, that cannot lie, and are to be credited, and will have a certain accomplishment: this is said to secure the divine authority of this book against the gainsayers of it, whom the Holy Ghost foresaw would arise in the world; and which is here, and in the following part of this chapter, supported by the testimonies of Christ, of his angel, and of John his servant.

And the Lord God of the holy prophets sent his angel to show unto his servants the things which must shortly be done; the "Lord" God is the Lord Jesus Christ, as appears by comparing this with Rev 1:1 and this is a very glaring proof of the deity of Christ, since he is not only called the Lord God, but the Lord God of the holy prophets; of the prophets of the Old Testament, who foretold things to come, and spake of the Messiah, his person, office, sufferings, death, and the glory that should follow; and of the prophets of the New Testament, who had a gift of explaining the prophecies of the Old, as well as some of them predicted future events; and both sorts were holy men, set part by God for this office, and had principles of holiness wrought in them, and were moved by the Holy Ghost; these Christ inspired, and qualified with gifts suitable to their work; and he is, as the Alexandrian copy, the Complutensian edition, the Vulgate Latin version, and the Oriental versions read, "the Lord God of the spirits of the prophets"; see 1Co 14:32 who had power over their spirits, could come at them, and did impress them with a sense and knowledge of divine and future things, which none but God can do: the same sent an angel of his, one of his ministering spirits he has under his command, perhaps the same that here speaks, for so reads the Syriac version, "sent me his angel": to show to John, and by him to all the saints, and to all the servants and followers of the Lamb, things that were in a very little time to begin to come to pass, till all were fulfilled; and even those at the greatest distance were, and are to be fulfilled within a little time, with respect to God, with whom a thousand years are as one day, and in comparison of eternity, and even of the time which had elapsed from the beginning of the world; and these things were shown in the various visions of the seals, trumpets, vials, and others; see Rev 1:1.

Gill: Rev 22:7 - Behold, I come quickly // blessed is he that keepeth the sayings of the prophecy of this book Behold, I come quickly,.... These are the words not of the angel, but of Christ, as is manifest from Rev 22:12 and which are to be understood not of C...

Behold, I come quickly,.... These are the words not of the angel, but of Christ, as is manifest from Rev 22:12 and which are to be understood not of Christ's coming in his power to destroy Jerusalem, for this was past when John had these visions, and wrote this book; but of the second and personal coming of Christ to judgment, as is clear from Rev 22:12 which though it will not be sooner than the time appointed, yet will be as soon as that time is come, and sooner than is generally expected by men. The Ethiopic version adds, "as a thief", as in Rev 16:15 and because the second coming of Christ is an affair of the utmost moment, and will be attended with events of the greatest consequence and importance, in which the visions of this book issue, a "behold" is prefixed to it, as a note of attention and admiration:

blessed is he that keepeth the sayings of the prophecy of this book; this book is a prophecy of things to come, and therefore cannot refer to the times of Jerusalem's destruction, which some interpreters make it chiefly to concern, for then it would be a narrative of things past; the sayings of it are the things contained in it; to keep these sayings is to read them with observation, to take notice of the accomplishment of them, so far as it has taken place, to keep them in mind and memory, to meditate upon them, and through the grace of God to steer the life and conversation according to the instructions, directions, and cautions here given; and such are blessed in life, and will be in death; they will die in the Lord, share in the first resurrection, and enter through the gates into the city.

Gill: Rev 22:8 - And I John saw these things, and heard them // And when I had heard and seen // I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel which showed me these things And I John saw these things, and heard them,.... He was both an eye and an ear witness; some things he saw, and others he heard; and to render his tes...

And I John saw these things, and heard them,.... He was both an eye and an ear witness; some things he saw, and others he heard; and to render his testimony the more authentic, he puts his name to it; and he being an apostle of Christ, and a man of great sincerity and probity, is to be believed.

And when I had heard and seen; the things related in this book, being amazed at them, and filled with joy on account of many of them, and firmly believing the whole as coming from God:

I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel which showed me these things. This is the second time John did so, though warned of it, and rebuked for it, which shows the proneness even of good men to fall into sin again and again; and what a propensity there is in mankind to idolatry; and very likely this might be suffered, that a second reproof might be given, and repeated instructions be on record, to prevent the worshipping of angels, introduced in the first ages of Christianity.

Gill: Rev 22:9 - Then saith he unto me // see thou do it not // for I am thy fellow servant // and of thy brethren the prophets // and of them which keep the sayings of this book // worship God Then saith he unto me,.... The angel at whose feet John fell down to worship: see thou do it not; this he said in great haste, and with much veheme...

Then saith he unto me,.... The angel at whose feet John fell down to worship:

see thou do it not; this he said in great haste, and with much vehemence, to hinder him from doing it, as his short way of speaking shows:

for I am thy fellow servant: of God, and of Christ, and am no more the object of worship than thyself; and both of us are, and ought to be, the worshippers of God, whose servants we are:

and of thy brethren the prophets; the apostles and ministers of the word; for prophesying and preaching are the same thing; these were the brethren of John in a spiritual sense, and by reason of their function:

and of them which keep the sayings of this book; see Rev 22:7 and this is said to encourage the observation of them, and is the character of private Christians, and shows the great condescension of the angel to put himself, not only upon a level with John, and the ministers of the word, but with common believers:

worship God; and him only, and that in a spiritual manner, with reverence and godly fear, in faith, and according to his revealed will; See Gill on Rev 19:10.

Gill: Rev 22:10 - And he saith unto me // Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book // for the time is at hand And he saith unto me,.... Not the angel, but Christ, as is manifest from Rev 22:12. This clause is left out in the Ethiopic version. Seal not the s...

And he saith unto me,.... Not the angel, but Christ, as is manifest from Rev 22:12. This clause is left out in the Ethiopic version.

Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book; as the orders are, when things are intended not to be published, but concealed, at least as yet, because of the distance of the accomplishment of them, which was not the case here; see Rev 10:4. Christ would have the things John saw and heard, written, and made public, sent in an open book, unsealed, to the churches, that they might be seen and read of all; that so the afflictions and persecutions of the people of God, both under Rome Pagan, and Rome Papal, might be known, and the saints not be offended at them when they came, but be prepared for them, to endure them patiently; and that they might be apprised of the errors and heresies that were to spring up, and of the appearance and wickedness of the man of sin, and his followers, and beware of them; and that they might have some assurance of the destruction of antichrist, and of the glorious state of the church, both in the spiritual and personal reign of Christ, and so be comforted in the midst of their tribulations, and rejoice in the faith and hope of these things. We may learn from hence, that the Scriptures in general are not to be locked up, and concealed from the common people, but lie open, and are to be read by all; and in particular, that this book is not so dark and obscure as it is thought to be:

for the time is at hand; when the things in this book shall begin to be fulfilled; see Rev 1:1.

Gill: Rev 22:11 - He that is unjust, let him be unjust still // And he which is filthy, let him be filthy still // And he that is righteous, let him be righteous still He that is unjust, let him be unjust still,.... These words are not to be considered as ironical expressions, such as in Ecc 11:9 much less as an allo...

He that is unjust, let him be unjust still,.... These words are not to be considered as ironical expressions, such as in Ecc 11:9 much less as an allowance to do injustice and commit filthy actions; nor even as deterring persons from these things, by tacitly suggesting, that should they continue unjust and filthy, they would be severely punished; nor as an anticipation of an objection that might be made against the publication of this book, and the sayings of it, taken from the ill use that some men might make of it, who might be provoked to injure and persecute the saints more and more, or indulge a filthy conversation; but as a prophecy of what would be at the close of time, at the second coming of Christ. The imperative is put for the future, as is usual in the Hebrew language, in which it is said, let such and such things be, when the sense is, that they shall be; see Eze 3:27 Zec 11:9 and so the meaning of this expression is, he that is now found without a righteousness, and full of all unrighteousness, and acts unrighteously, will continue so; there will be no change made in him, no regeneration, renovation, repentance, or reformation; he will remain the same wicked man he ever was; or he that hurts, or does injury to his fellow creatures, will still do mischief; at least he will have the same inclination, though not the opportunity and power, but will attempt it, of which there will be an instance in the wicked dead, when raised; see Rev 20:8.

And he which is filthy, let him be filthy still: or he shall be filthy still: all mankind are originally, naturally, and universally filthy, or defiled with sin. Some are cleansed from it by the blood of Christ, others are not; and these will continue polluted, nor will the fire of hell fetch out the filthiness of their hearts and nature: or the words may be rendered, "he that defileth, let him defile still"; though he will not be able to defile the temple of God, or corrupt the good communications of the saints, yet he will continue to defile himself; the same evil thoughts, &c. will proceed out of him as ever, which defile the man.

And he that is righteous, let him be righteous still; a truly righteous man is one that is righteous, not by his own righteousness, but by the righteousness of Christ imputed to him; he is one, who by faith looks to Christ for righteousness, and receives it from him, and, in consequence of it, lives soberly, righteously, and godly, and such will continue righteous; not that they will be made more righteous, though they may have a clearer view of their justification, for the sentence of it will be afresh pronounced upon them; but the meaning is, they will ever remain in a justified state, and never enter into condemnation, their righteousness being an everlasting one. The Alexandrian copy, the Complutensian edition, Syriac and Arabic versions, read, "and the righteous man, let him do righteousness still"; as he will do, for such will ever be before the throne of God, and serve him in his temple day and night, Rev 7:15. And he that is holy, let him be holy still. They are holy who are sanctified by the Spirit of God, and none but such will be admitted into the pure state of things upon Christ's second coming; and such will then be perfectly holy, and without sin, and shall continue so: hence we may learn, that justification and sanctification are two distinct things, and that both are durable. With these sayings may be compared some expressions of the Jewish doctors h, as the sense of Lev 11:43

"if a man defiles himself a little, they defile him much; the gloss on it is, they let, or suffer him to be more defiled; if below, they defile him above; if in this world, they defile him in the world to come; if a man sanctifies himself a little, they sanctify him much; if below, they sanctify him above; if in this world, they sanctify him in the world to come.''

Gill: Rev 22:12 - And, behold, I come quickly // And my reward is with me // to give every man according as his work shall be And, behold, I come quickly,..... This is repeated, to confirm the truth of Christ's second coming, and the speediness of it, and to point at the time...

And, behold, I come quickly,..... This is repeated, to confirm the truth of Christ's second coming, and the speediness of it, and to point at the time when the above shall be, and to add what follows.

And my reward is with me: which words are taken out of Isa 40:10 and which being compared together, furnish out a clear proof of Christ being the true Jehovah, the eternal God. There is a reward of debt, or a due reward, a reward of punishment, which is the just recompense of reward, which, shall be righteously given to wicked men for their sin, Heb 2:2 and there is a reward of grace, which is also called the recompence of reward, the reward of the inheritance, which is no other than the gift of eternal life, which God of his free grace bestows upon his people, Heb 11:26 and both these are with Christ; they are in his hands, he has authority from God, as Mediator, to inflict vengeance on the wicked, and to give eternal life to his people; both which he will do, for this is with him:

to give every man according as his work shall be; if his work is evil, and he is an unjust and filthy man, and the course of his conversation has been vicious, the reward of debt, or just punishment, will be rendered to him; but if his work is the fruit of grace, and he has had his conversation in the world by the grace of God, and he is a righteous person, justified by the righteousness of Christ, and a holy, good man, sanctified by the Spirit of God, the reward of grace, the crown of righteousness, will be given to him.

Gill: Rev 22:13 - I am Alpha and Omega I am Alpha and Omega,.... See Gill on Rev 1:8. These characters are all put together here, which are before used in Rev 1:8 and are very pertinently m...

I am Alpha and Omega,.... See Gill on Rev 1:8. These characters are all put together here, which are before used in Rev 1:8 and are very pertinently mentioned in this place, when all promises and prophecies, relating to the glorious kingdom of Christ, were just finishing, and that itself was ready to appear, in which Christ alone should be exalted, the mystery of God would be completed, and time itself be no more. The Ethiopic version adds, "the beginning and end of days", or time. A testimony this, of the deity, eternity, infinity, and perfection of Christ.

Gill: Rev 22:14 - Blessed are they that do his commandments // that they may have right to the tree of life // And may enter in through the gates into the city Blessed are they that do his commandments,.... Either the commandments of God, Rev 12:17 the precepts of the moral law, which are the whole duty of ma...

Blessed are they that do his commandments,.... Either the commandments of God, Rev 12:17 the precepts of the moral law, which are the whole duty of man; which are done either legally in order to obtain life, and then they must be perfectly done, which no man can do; hence none live, and are justified by the deeds of it, and consequently are not blessed, but cursed; or evangelically, when they are done in the strength of Christ, from love to God, in the exercise of faith upon him, with a view to his glory, and without dependence on them, acknowledging the imperfection of them, and looking unto Jesus for righteousness and life, in whom such find both, and so are blessed persons: or else the commandments of Jesus are intended, who is speaking in the context, Rev 22:12 and is speaking of himself, and his, as the angel does in Rev 22:6 Christ's commandments are his new commandment of love, and the ordinances of baptism, and the Lord's supper; which are to be observed in the same evangelical manner as the commandments of God, and to be kept exactly as they are delivered, without any alteration, addition, or diminution; and they are to be attended to immediately, and without delay; and such as regard them in a right way and manner are blessed; they have much pleasure and delight in the observance of them; these commandments are not grievous, especially when they have the presence of Christ, the discoveries of his love, and are under the gracious influences of his Spirit: or it may be rather the commandments in this book are designed, for it may be rendered, "that do its commandments"; keep the sayings of this book, as in Rev 22:7 such as relate to the worship of God, and forbid the worship of the beast, which caution against idolatry, and exhort to come out of Babylon, and direct to follow the Lamb, and charge not to add or take from anything written in this prophecy; and such persons as keep the words of it are pronounced blessed, Rev 1:3. The Alexandrian copy reads, "that wash their garments"; and so the Ethiopic version, and also the Vulgate Latin, which adds, "in the blood of the Lamb", agreeably to Rev 7:13 and such whose persons and garments are washed in the blood of Christ are blessed indeed; they are justified by it, pardoned through it, and both they and their services are accepted on account of it. The instances of their happiness follow,

that they may have right to the tree of life; or "power over the tree of life"; that is, Christ, not of government over him, but of enjoyment of him; a liberty of eating of the fruit of this tree, having interest in it, and so a right to partake of it; which right, or liberty, is not obtained by obedience to the commands of God, or Christ, or of this book, for this is what is due to God, and obligatory on men; and which, when done, is but their duty, and can merit nothing; though a cheerful and evangelical obedience to the divine will makes such appear to have a right to such a privilege, as the disciples of Christ are not made so, but appear to be such by bringing forth fruit, Joh 15:8 but to have interest in Christ, the tree of life, and a right, power, and liberty to eat thereof, is a free grace gift, Rev 2:7 and happy are those who enjoy such a privilege! Pro 3:18.

And may enter in through the gates into the city: the Ethiopic version reads, "into this holy city": and which intends not entrance into a particular church of Christ, the way into which is faith in Christ, and a profession of it, and submission to the ordinance of baptism; nor entrance into heaven, which, as a Gospel church, is often called a city, and into which none shall enter, but such who are justified by the righteousness of Christ, and are regenerated by his Spirit, the gates of it are Christ and his grace; but the holy city, the new Jerusalem, is meant, and entrance into that, which is so largely described in the preceding chapter, and particularly its gates; and they must be happy persons, indeed, who enter there; and their right to it is from, and lies in Christ, his blood, righteousness, and grace, under a sense of which they yield a ready obedience to his will, which makes their right to appear. Frequent mention is made of the gates of this city in the book of Zohar; and, says R. Isaac i,

"when the soul זוכה לכנס בשערי, "is fit" (or worthy, or has a right) "to enter through the gates of Jerusalem" that is above, Michael the great prince goes with it, who anticipates for it the peace of the ministering angels, wondering at him, and inquiring concerning it, saying, "who is this that comes out of the wilderness", &c. Son 3:6.''

Gill: Rev 22:15 - For without are dogs // And sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters // And whosoever loveth and maketh a lie For without are dogs,.... That is, without the holy city are such persons who are comparable to dogs for their filthiness, impudence, and voraciousnes...

For without are dogs,.... That is, without the holy city are such persons who are comparable to dogs for their filthiness, impudence, and voraciousness, as are persecutors, heretics, and apostates, Mat 7:6. Some think Sodomites are intended, as in Deu 23:18. So Abarbinel and others interpret the law; and who abound in the Roman jurisdiction, called therefore Sodom, Rev 11:8 and indeed all wicked men, who will be cast out into outer darkness, may be signified hereby. The Jews say k,

"when a man dies, if he be worthy (or righteous) he descends in the likeness of a lion to receive "his" soul, but if not, in the likeness of "a dog", concerning which David says, Psa 22:20.''

And sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters; characters of the antichristian party, who will have no place in this city, or glorious kingdom of Christ; See Gill on Rev 21:8.

And whosoever loveth and maketh a lie; who loves both to invent and tell lies, and loves to hear them told by others; meaning more especially the doctrinal lies of antichrist, which are spoken in hypocrisy by him, and his followers are given up to believe.

Gill: Rev 22:16 - I Jesus have sent mine angel // to testify // unto you these things in the churches // I am the root and the offspring of David // and the bright and morning star I Jesus have sent mine angel,.... As John, the writer of this book, sets down his own name, who was an eye and ear witness of the things contained in ...

I Jesus have sent mine angel,.... As John, the writer of this book, sets down his own name, who was an eye and ear witness of the things contained in it, that they might be more surely believed, Rev 22:8 so Christ, the author of it, puts his name Jesus to it, to engage the greater attention to hear and read, and keep the words of it, as well as to make it plain and manifest, who is the person speaking of his coming, Rev 22:7 and who that has any value for Jesus the Saviour, but will give credit, and pay a regard to this revelation of his, which he sent by his angel, one of his ministering spirits, made by him, and under his command, he being the Creator, Lord, and head of angels: this expresses the dignity of his person, and is no inconsiderable proof of his deity: and this was done, in order

to testify, to bear witness to the truth of the things contained in it; to signify and show them, to set them forth in emblems and visions:

unto you these things in the churches; to the servants of the Lord, Rev 22:6 to John, and by him to others, to the pastors of the seven churches, who were επι, "over" the churches, as it may be rendered, and to the members of the churches, to all that were in them; for the Alexandrian copy, the Vulgate Latin and Arabic versions read εν, "in"; the Syriac version renders it, קד×, "before the churches". What John saw he wrote in a book, and sent it to these churches, Rev 1:11. The words may be rendered, "concerning the churches"; and then the sense is, that the angel was sent to show to John, and by him to others, even to all the saints in all ages, the things relating to the church of Christ, in the several periods of time, represented in succession by the seven churches of Asia. Christ gives a further account of himself, for the greater confirmation of the faith of his people, in the certain accomplishment of the things herein written, by saying,

I am the root and the offspring of David. The former of these is mentioned in the note; see Gill on Rev 5:5; and the meaning of it is, either that Christ, as God, is David's Lord and head, from whom he had his being, both in a temporal and spiritual sense, and by whom he was supported and sustained; or that, as man, he sprung from the root of David, or descended from him; and so it falls in with the latter, which may be explanative of it, "the offspring of David"; that is, the soft of David, according to the flesh, a frequent name of the Messiah; See Gill on Mat 1:1. God promised that the Messiah should be of the seed of David, and according to his promise he raised up unto Israel of his seed, a Saviour Jesus, the same person here speaking, Act 13:23 who adds,

and the bright and morning star; Christ is compared to a "star", as in Num 24:17 for its light, the light of nature, and of grace, and of the new Jerusalem state being from him; and for its glory, his glory being the glory of the only begotten of the Father, and he having a glory, as Mediator, which his saints will ever behold, and be delighted with; and for its influence, all the blessings of grace, life, and righteousness, being from him; and to a "bright" star, because he is the brightness of his Father's glory, and so splendid, shining, and illustrious, that he is light itself, and in him is no darkness at all; and to a bright "morning" star, which shows the night is going off and the day is coming on, and is the phosphorus, or bringer of light; as Christ by his first coming, who was then the dayspring from on high, put an end to the night of Jewish darkness, and sprung the great Gospel day, so often spoken of by the prophets, and brought life and immortality to light by the Gospel, and showed the way to eternal life by himself; so by his second coming, to which this character refers, he will put an end to the night of antichristian darkness, Pagan, Papal, and Mahometan; so that there shall be no more night, and shall make an everlasting day, and bring such light into the holy city, that it shall need no candle, nor light of the sun or moon. The dawn of light at the Reformation was a presage of this, Rev 2:28 called there the morning star. With great propriety and pertinence are these titles here assumed by Christ, as "the root and offspring of David", or David's son, when he was about to sit on the throne of his father David, and possess his kingdom in the most visible and glorious manner; and "the bright and morning star", when he was going to usher in such light into the new Jerusalem, as would make all other light unnecessary. Aijeleth Shahar, in the title of Psa 22:1 which is a psalm that belongs to the Messiah, is, by some Jewish writers l, interpreted, כוכב הבוקר, "the morning star", the title of Christ here.

Gill: Rev 22:17 - And the Spirit and the bride say, come // And let him that heareth // say, come // and let him that is athirst come // and whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely And the Spirit and the bride say, come,.... Hearing Christ say that he should come quickly, Rev 22:7 the Spirit and the bride express an earnest wish,...

And the Spirit and the bride say, come,.... Hearing Christ say that he should come quickly, Rev 22:7 the Spirit and the bride express an earnest wish, and a most affectionate desire after his coming: by "the Spirit" may be meant the Spirit of God in the hearts of his people, who not only convinces them of, and acquaints with the coming of Christ to judgment, and gives them reason to expect it, but fills their souls with the love of his appearance, so that they look and long for it, and hasten in the breathings of their souls after it: and this in like manner he may be said to wish for, and desire it in them, as he is said to cry "Abba", Father, in them, Gal 4:6 and to make intercession for them, Rom 8:26. Hence, some interpreters, by the spirit, understand such as have the Spirit, and are spiritual men; either have spiritual gifts, the gift of prophecy, as John, who in Rev 22:20 expresses an ardent desire that Christ would come quickly; or regenerate men in common, who are born of the Spirit, and bear his name, Joh 3:5 and so by an hendyadis, "the Spirit and the bride" signify one and the same; namely, the spiritual bride of Christ, who is sanctified by the Spirit of God; even all the elect of God, whom Christ loved from all eternity, and who are espoused to him as a chaste virgin; the new Jerusalem, who is as a bride adorned for her husband, and is the bride, the Lamb's wife: these wait for the bridegroom's coming, and most earnestly desire it, as there is good reason for them so to do, since his appearing in itself will be a glorious one, being in his own glory, and his Father's, and the holy angels; and seeing then will be the solemnization of the marriage day between Christ and his church; it will be the saints' redemption day; they will then possess full salvation in soul and body; complete grace will be given to them, and glory will be revealed in them, and they shall be for ever with the Lord.

And let him that heareth; what the Spirit and the bride say; or the words of this prophecy; or that has spiritual ears given him, and he hears so as to understand spiritual things, the kingdom of Christ, and the glories of it, let him join the Spirit and bride, and

say, come likewise; or express his wishes and desires in the same earnest and affectionate manner, that Christ would hasten his second coming:

and let him that is athirst come. These seem to be the words of Christ inviting such who thirst after him, his grace and righteousness, after more knowledge of him, and communion with him, to come unto him, by faith, and partake thereof, Joh 7:37 or who thirst after his second coming, and the glories and delights of the new Jerusalem state, to come into it, and eat of the tree of life, and drink of the river of water of life in it; for the character seems to design such, to speak in the language of the Jews, who use like phrases with this, who hunger, וצמ××™× ×œ×©×ª×•×ª ×ž×™× ×—×™×™×, "and thirst to drink living water" m, as appears by what follows:

and whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely. The water of life designs the free favour and love of God, and the communications and displays of it in the new Jerusalem state, even the comfort, refreshment, and glories of that state: to "take" it is to enjoy it, to partake of it, being led unto it, and that being given to them by Christ the Lamb in the midst of the throne, Rev 7:17 and which is had "freely", without money, and without price, as in Isa 55:1 which seems to be referred to; for the happiness of this state, as well as eternal life, is the free gift of God through Christ; and the persons encouraged to partake of it are "whosoever will"; that is, whoever has a will to divine and spiritual things, wrought in him by God, for no man has such a will of himself, Phi 2:13 though this does not so much regard the character of the person that may take of the water of life, as the free manner in which he may take it: so the Jews are wont to express themselves, when they would signify the liberty that might be used, or the free way in which anything might be taken, particularly when speaking of the law, and the things of it, חרוצה ליטול ×™×‘× ×•×™×˜×•×œ כל, "whosoever has a mind to take, let him come and take", as it is said, Isa 55:1 "ho, everyone that thirsteth", &c. n that is, he is free to take, he is welcome to it; which passage referred to, is thus paraphrased by the Targumist, "ho, כל דצבי, "whosoever "will" learn, let him come and learn, &c.

Gill: Rev 22:18 - For I testify to every man // that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book // if any man shall add unto these things // God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book For I testify to every man,.... These are not the words of a scribe, who having wrote out a copy of this book, added the following adjuration to it, t...

For I testify to every man,.... These are not the words of a scribe, who having wrote out a copy of this book, added the following adjuration to it, to deter persons from adding to it, or diminishing it; for the book is not yet finished, and both Christ and John speak after this; and to insert such a passage into the text would be a bold and daring action; nor are they even the words of John, the inspired writer of it, but of the Lord Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, as appears from Rev 22:16 who in a most solemn manner declares to every man, high or low, rich or poor, of whatsoever character, or however dignified, either in a civil or ecclesiastic way,

that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book read or explained,

if any man shall add unto these things. To "add" to the things contained in this book, is not to deliver, or write an exposition of it, in a modest manner, with a sincere view to give light into it, agreeably to the analogy of faith; for to expound Scripture, or to preach from it, consistent with it, is not to add unto it, but to give the sense of it; but then may it be said to be added unto, and so this book, when it is wrested and perverted, and a false gloss is put upon it, as the Pharisees did upon the law; and when unwritten traditions are made to be equal to it, or above it, as the same persons made the traditions of the elders, whereby they transgressed the law, and made the word of God of none effect, and so broke through the precept given, Deu 4:2 as do the Papists in like manner; and when men pretend to visions and revelations, and make them the rule of faith and practice, and to confirm things that are neither in this book, nor in any other part of the word of God; and when men interpolate it, and set up human fictitious writings upon equal authority with it; which shows the authenticity of this book, and of all the whole Scripture, and the perfection of it, whose canon is closed with it: the punishment of such a crime follows,

God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book; the things threatened to the antichristian party, Rev 2:22 the seven last plagues in which the wrath of God is filled up, which will be inflicted on the same, Rev 16:1, the lake of fire and brimstone, into which the beast, the false prophet, the devil, and all wicked men will be cast, Rev 19:20 see Pro 30:5.

Gill: Rev 22:19 - And if any man shall take away from the prophecy of this book // God shall take away his part out of the book of life // and from the things which are written in this book And if any man shall take away from the prophecy of this book,.... As he may be said to do, who denies the authority of this book, which has been done...

And if any man shall take away from the prophecy of this book,.... As he may be said to do, who denies the authority of this book, which has been done by some, and which the Holy Ghost foresaw; or takes it away from, or denies the reading of it to the people, as the Papists do with respect to the whole Scripture; and who wilfully pervert the sense of it, and will not have the things in it, relating to antichrist, to belong to him.

God shall take away his part out of the book of life; by which is meant eternal election, which is the meaning of the phrase throughout this book, in which whoever are written shall certainly be saved. The worshippers of the beast, or the antichristian party, who are chiefly regarded here, are not written in it, Rev 13:8 wherefore taking away the part of such, is only taking away that which they seemed to have; see Luk 8:18 and the sense is, that such shall be cast into the lake of fire, which is the second death, and will be the portion of all that are not written in the book of life, Rev 20:15. The Alexandrian copy, one of Stephens's, and the Complutensian edition, read, "the tree of life"; and so do the Syriac and Ethiopic versions; the sense is the same; see Joh 15:2 and out of the holy city; the new Jerusalem, before described, a part in which is a right to enter into it through the gates, and possess the glories of it: what is mentioned here is only a seeming one, which wicked men may flatter themselves with; and the meaning is, that such shall never enter into it, and enjoy the happiness of it, but shall ever be without, Rev 21:27

and from the things which are written in this book; the blessings promised to the overcomers in Rev 2:7 which such as detract from this book shall have no share in. The Alexandrian copy, with some others, and the Syriac version, leave out the copulative "and", and read "which are written", &c. connecting them with the book of life, and holy city, which are written, and spoken of, in this book. The Ethiopic version connects the words with the holy city, only reading them, "which is written", &c. The Jews say of their Talmud, that nothing is to be added to it, or diminished from it o.

Gill: Rev 22:20 - He which testifieth these things // saith, surely I come quickly // Amen // even so come, Lord Jesus He which testifieth these things,.... Not the angel, Rev 22:16 nor John, who sometimes used this way of speaking, Joh 21:24 but Christ, as appears fro...

He which testifieth these things,.... Not the angel, Rev 22:16 nor John, who sometimes used this way of speaking, Joh 21:24 but Christ, as appears from what follows; for he

saith, surely I come quickly; who not only asserts the speediness of his coming, as in Rev 22:7 but expresses the certainty of it, so that it ought not to be doubted of by any, especially by his own people; though it may seem to be deferred, and, upon that account, be derided by ungodly men; and Christ may have some respect, in this strong repetition of it, to the certainty of the punishment that will then be inflicted upon such who add to, or diminish from this book; for he himself will certainly come in person, and execute the vengeance threatened. John next puts his

Amen to it, signifying his assent unto it, declaring his faith in it, and expressing his earnest desire after it, and wish for it: and in words at length adds,

even so come, Lord Jesus; quickly, speedily as thou hast said, and in all thy glory; set up thy kingdom, let that come, introduce thy people into it, and destroy thine enemies; this he said as one that loved the appearance of Christ, longed for it, hastened to it, and was impatient at the delay of it.

Gill: Rev 22:21 - -- The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. That is, let a sense of the love of Christ, shown in all his regards to his church and peopl...

The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. That is, let a sense of the love of Christ, shown in all his regards to his church and people, which is always the same in itself, though the saints have not always the same perception of it, abide upon you: may you see your interest in the redeeming grace of Christ, in all its branches, and in his justifying, pardoning, sanctifying, and persevering grace; let the fulness of grace in Christ be the object of your trust and confidence; may you have a supply from it to enable you to overcome every temptation, to exercise every grace, and discharge every duty. This shows this book was written in the form of an epistle, and sent to the seven churches of Asia, Rev 1:11 and through them to the churches in all ages. It begins with a salutation of them, Rev 1:4 and ends with one commonly used by the Apostle Paul in all his epistles, 2Th 3:17. The Arabic version, instead of "you", reads "us"; and the Complutensian edition and the Syriac version read, "with all the saints".

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Ayat / Catatan Kaki

NET Notes: Rev 22:1 Grk “proceeding.” Water is more naturally thought to pour out or flow out in English idiom.

NET Notes: Rev 22:2 The words “of the year” are implied.

NET Notes: Rev 22:3 Or “will serve.”

NET Notes: Rev 22:6 See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

NET Notes: Rev 22:7 These lines are parenthetical, forming an aside to the narrative. The speaker here is the Lord Jesus Christ himself rather than the narrator.

NET Notes: Rev 22:8 Grk “I fell down and worshiped at the feet.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw ...

NET Notes: Rev 22:9 Grk “keep” (an idiom for obedience).

NET Notes: Rev 22:10 Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

NET Notes: Rev 22:11 Grk “filthy, and the.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek, but because of the length and complexity of the construct...

NET Notes: Rev 22:12 The Greek term may be translated either “pay” or “pay back” and has something of a double meaning here. However, because of th...

NET Notes: Rev 22:13 These lines are parenthetical, forming an aside to the narrative. The speaker here is the Lord Jesus Christ himself rather than the narrator.

NET Notes: Rev 22:14 Grk “so that there will be to them authority over the tree of life.”

NET Notes: Rev 22:15 Or “lying,” “deceit.”

NET Notes: Rev 22:16 On this expression BDAG 892 s.v. πρωϊνός states, “early, belonging to the morning ὁ ἀστ...

NET Notes: Rev 22:18 Grk “written.”

NET Notes: Rev 22:19 The Textus Receptus, on which the KJV rests, reads “the book” of life (ἀπὸ βίβλου, apo bibl...

NET Notes: Rev 22:21 Most mss (א Ï) read “amen” (ἀμήν, amhn) after “all” (πάντων, pa...

Geneva Bible: Rev 22:1 And ( 1 ) he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. ( 1 ) Here is absolved a...

Geneva Bible: Rev 22:6 ( 2 ) And he said unto me, These sayings [are] faithful and true: and the Lord God of the holy prophets sent his angel to shew unto his servants the t...

Geneva Bible: Rev 22:10 ( 3 ) And he saith unto me, ( 4 ) Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book: for the time is at hand. ( 3 ) The angel returns to his former s...

Geneva Bible: Rev 22:11 ( 5 ) He that is unjust, let him be unjust still: and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still: and he that is righteous, let him be righteous stil...

Geneva Bible: Rev 22:12 ( 6 ) And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward [is] with me, to give every man according as his work shall be. ( 6 ) The second part belonging to t...

Geneva Bible: Rev 22:14 Blessed [are] they that do his commandments, ( 7 ) that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city. ( ...

Geneva Bible: Rev 22:16 ( 8 ) I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, [and] the bright and mo...

Geneva Bible: Rev 22:18 ( 9 ) For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him...

Geneva Bible: Rev 22:20 ( 10 ) He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus. ( 10 ) A divine confirmation or sealing of the...

Geneva Bible: Rev 22:21 ( 11 ) The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ [be] with you all. Amen. ( 11 ) The apostolic salutation, which is the other part of the conclusion, as I s...

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Rentang Ayat

Maclaren: Rev 22:1-11 - A Libation To Jehovah The City, The Citizens, And The King "And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of th...

Maclaren: Rev 22:14 - A Libation To Jehovah The Last Beatitude Of The Ascended Christ "Blessed are they that do His commandments, that they may have right to the Tree of Life, and may enter in ...

MHCC: Rev 22:1-5 - --All streams of earthly comfort are muddy; but these are clear, and refreshing. They give life, and preserve life, to those who drink of them, and thus...

MHCC: Rev 22:6-19 - --The Lord Jesus spake by the angel, solemnly confirming the contents of this book, particularly of this last vision. He is the Lord God faithful and tr...

MHCC: Rev 22:20-21 - --After discovering these things to his people on earth, Christ seems to take leave of them, and return to heaven; but he assures them it shall not be l...

Matthew Henry: Rev 22:1-5 - -- The heavenly state which was before described as a city, and called the new Jerusalem, is here described as a paradise, alluding to the earthly para...

Matthew Henry: Rev 22:6-19 - -- We have here a solemn ratification of the contents of this book, and particularly of this last vision (though some think it may not only refer to th...

Matthew Henry: Rev 22:20-21 - -- We have now come to the conclusion of the whole, and that in three things: - I. Christ's farewell to his church. He seems now, after he has been di...

Barclay: Rev 22:1-2 - "THE RIVER OF LIFE" So far the description has been of the exterior of the holy city; now the scene moves inside. First, there is the river of the water of life. This ...

Barclay: Rev 22:1-2 - "THE TREE OF LIFE" In this passage there is an ambiguity of punctuation. In the midst of the city street may be taken, not as the end of the first sentence, but as th...

Barclay: Rev 22:3-5 - "THE BEAUTY OF HOLINESS" Here is the final culmination of the description of the city of God. There will be no accursed thing there. That is to say, there will be no more of...

Barclay: Rev 22:6-9 - "FINAL WORDS" What remains of the last chapter of the Revelation is curiously disjointed. Things are set down without any apparent order; there are repetitions of...

Barclay: Rev 22:10-11 - "THE TIME IS NEAR AND THE TIME IS PAST" This passage insists that the coming of Christ is close at hand; it must be the Risen Christ who is speaking. In the older Apocalypses, written betw...

Barclay: Rev 22:12-13 - "THE CLAIMS OF CHRIST" The Risen Christ once again announces his speedy coming; and he makes two great claims. (i) He has his reward with him and will render to every man a...

Barclay: Rev 22:14-15 - "THE ACCEPTED AND THE REJECTED" (i) Those who wash their robes have the right of entry into the city of God; the King James Version has: Blessed are they that do his commandments. ...

Barclay: Rev 22:16 - "THE GUARANTEE OF TRUTH" Jesus guarantees the truth of all that John has seen and heard. The point of this guarantee is this. The book begins by promising a revelation to be...

Barclay: Rev 22:17 - "THE GREAT INVITATION" There are two different interpretations of this passage. H. B. Swete takes the first two parts as an appeal to Christ to fulfil his promise and come...

Barclay: Rev 22:18-19 - "THE WARNING" There are certain things to note about this solemn warning. (i) It is not to be interpreted with absolute literalness. It does not refer to every ind...

Barclay: Rev 22:20-21 - "LAST WORDS" There is both pathos and glory in the way in which the Revelation ends. Amidst the terrible persecution of his day, the one thing which John longed ...

Constable: Rev 4:1--22:6 - --III. THE REVELATION OF THE FUTURE 4:1--22:5 John recorded the rest of this book to reveal those aspects of the f...

Constable: Rev 21:1--22:6 - --N. The eternal state 21:1-22:5 The next scenes in John's visions proved to be of conditions that will ex...

Constable: Rev 21:9--22:6 - --3. John's second vision of the New Jerusalem 21:9-22:5 God now provided John with more informati...

Constable: Rev 22:1-5 - --The restoration of Paradise 22:1-5 Essentially what John saw next was Paradise regained (cf. 2:7; Gen. 2; Luke 23:43; 2 Cor. 12:2). Having viewed the ...

Constable: Rev 22:6-21 - --IV. THE EPILOGUE TO THE BOOK 22:6-21 In this final section of the book John reported concluding information and ...

Constable: Rev 22:6-7 - --A. The testimony of the angel 22:6-7 22:6 The angel who had been revealing the new creation to John, one of the angels who had the seven bowls (21:9),...

Constable: Rev 22:8-11 - --B. The testimony of John 22:8-11 22:8 John resumed addressing the reader, which he had not done since 1:1, 4, and 9. He affirmed the angel's words tha...

Constable: Rev 22:12-20 - --C. The testimony of Jesus and John's response 22:12-20 22:12 Jesus Christ repeated His promise to return soon (v. 7, cf. 1:3; 22:20). "Nowhere is a da...

Constable: Rev 22:21 - --D. The final benediction 22:21 This benediction wishes God's enabling grace on all who read the book. ...

College: Rev 22:1-21 - --22:6 The angel said to me, "These words are trustworthy and true. The Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, sent his angel to show his servant...

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Lainnya

Evidence: Rev 22:2 Charles Spurgeon on Tracts : " I well remember distributing them in a town in England where tracts had never been distributed before, and going from h...

Evidence: Rev 22:3 A magnificent doe stands with its foal and drinks in the cool water from a mountain stream. The sun sparkles off the dew on deep green leaves of nativ...

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Pendahuluan / Garis Besar

Robertson: Revelation (Pendahuluan Kitab) THE REVELATION OF JOHN ABOUT a.d. 95 By Way of Introduction Difficulty in the Problem Perhaps no single book in the New Testament presents so ...

JFB: Revelation (Pendahuluan Kitab) AUTHENTICITY.--The author calls himself John (Rev 1:1, Rev 1:4, Rev 1:9; Rev 2:8). JUSTIN MARTYR [Dialogue with Trypho, p. 308] (A.D. 139-161) quotes ...

JFB: Revelation (Garis Besar) TITLE: SOURCE AND OBJECT OF THIS REVELATION: BLESSING ON THE READER AND KEEPER OF IT, AS THE TIME IS NEAR: INSCRIPTION TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES: APOSTOL...

TSK: Revelation (Pendahuluan Kitab) The obscurity of this prophecy, which has been urged against its genuineness, necessarily results from the highly figurative and symbolical language i...

TSK: Revelation 22 (Pendahuluan Pasal) Overview Rev 22:1, The river of the water of life; Rev 22:2, The tree of life; Rev 22:5, The light of the city of God is himself; Rev 22:9, The an...

Poole: Revelation 22 (Pendahuluan Pasal) CHAPTER 22

MHCC: Revelation (Pendahuluan Kitab) The Book of the Revelation of St. John consists of two principal divisions. 1. Relates to " the things which are," that is, the then present state of...

MHCC: Revelation 22 (Pendahuluan Pasal) (Rev 22:1-5) A description of the heavenly state, under the figures of the water and the tree of life, and of the throne of God and the Lamb. (Rev 22...

Matthew Henry: Revelation (Pendahuluan Kitab) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Revelation of St. John the Divine It ought to be no prejudice to the credit and authority of this b...

Matthew Henry: Revelation 22 (Pendahuluan Pasal) In this chapter we have, I. A further description of the heavenly state of the church (Rev 22:1-5). II. A confirmation of this and all the other ...

Barclay: Revelation (Pendahuluan Kitab) INTRODUCTION TO THE REVELATION OF JOHN The Strange Book When a student of the New Testament embarks upon the study of the Revelation he feels him...

Barclay: Revelation 22 (Pendahuluan Pasal) The River Of Life (Rev_22:1-2) The Tree Of Life (Rev_22:1-2 Continued) The Beauty Of Holiness (Rev_22:3-5) Final Words (Rev_22:6-9) The Time Is ...

Constable: Revelation (Pendahuluan Kitab) Introduction Historical background The opening verses of the book state that "John" wr...

Constable: Revelation (Garis Besar) Outline I. The preparation of the prophet ch. 1 A. The prologue of the book 1:1-8 ...

Constable: Revelation Revelation Bibliography Abbott-Smith, George. A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T. & ...

Haydock: Revelation (Pendahuluan Kitab) THE APOCALYPSE OF ST. JOHN, THE APOSTLE. INTRODUCTION. Though some in the first ages [centuries] doubted whether this book was canonical, and ...

Gill: Revelation (Pendahuluan Kitab) INTRODUCTION TO REVELATION That this book was written by the Apostle and Evangelist John, is clear not only from the express mention of his name, a...

Gill: Revelation 22 (Pendahuluan Pasal) INTRODUCTION TO REVELATION 22 This chapter contains a further account of the above city, a confirmation of the visions of this book, and the conclu...

College: Revelation (Pendahuluan Kitab) PREFACE This commentary on the Revelation of John has been prepared for general readers of the Bible who desire to deepen their understanding of God'...

College: Revelation (Garis Besar) OUTLINE I. PROLOGUE - 1:1-20 A. Introduction to the Prophecy - 1:1-3 B. Sender - 1:4a C. Recipients - 1:4b D. Prescript - 1:4c-5a E. ...

Advanced Commentary (Kamus, Lagu-Lagu Himne, Gambar, Ilustrasi Khotbah, Pertanyaan-Pertanyaan, dll)


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