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Teks -- 2 Samuel 8:1-18 (NET)

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Konteks
David Subjugates Nearby Nations
8:1 Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. David took Metheg Ammah from the Philistines. 8:2 He defeated the Moabites. He made them lie on the ground and then used a rope to measure them off. He put two-thirds of them to death and spared the other third. The Moabites became David’s subjects and brought tribute. 8:3 David defeated King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah when he came to reestablish his authority over the Euphrates River. 8:4 David seized from him 1,700 charioteers and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of the chariot horses. 8:5 The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. 8:6 David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; the Arameans became David’s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. 8:7 David took the golden shields that belonged to Hadadezer’s servants and brought them to Jerusalem. 8:8 From Tebah and Berothai, Hadadezer’s cities, King David took a great deal of bronze. 8:9 When King Toi of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer, 8:10 he sent his son Joram to King David to extend his best wishes and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Toi had been at war with Hadadezer. He brought with him various items made of silver, gold, and bronze. 8:11 King David dedicated these things to the Lord, along with the dedicated silver and gold that he had taken from all the nations that he had subdued, 8:12 including Aram, Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amelek. This also included some of the plunder taken from King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah. 8:13 David became famous when he returned from defeating the Arameans in the Valley of Salt, he defeated 18,000 in all. 8:14 He placed garrisons throughout Edom, and all the Edomites became David’s subjects. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. 8:15 David reigned over all Israel; he guaranteed justice for all his people.
David’s Cabinet
8:16 Joab son of Zeruiah was general in command of the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was secretary; 8:17 Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was scribe; 8:18 Benaiah son of Jehoida supervised the Kerithites and Pelethites; and David’s sons were priests.
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Nama Orang, Nama Tempat, Topik/Tema Kamus

Nama Orang dan Nama Tempat:
 · Ahilud father of Jehoshaphat and Baana
 · Ahimelech priest (Eli Ithamar) of Nob, whom Saul killed; Ahimelech I,a priest, Ahimelech II; son of Abiathar son of Ahimelech I,a man who was part of David's fugitive band; a Hittite
 · Ahitub chief priest Ahitub I; son of Phinehas II son of Eli,chief priest Ahitub II; son of Amariah I (WZ-466),chief priest, Ahitub III; son of Amariah II
 · Amalek members of the nation of Amalek
 · Ammonites the tribe/nation of people descended from Ben-Ammi, Lot's son,Territory of the tribe/nation of Ammon
 · Aram the country to the north of Palestine,a country of north western Mesopotamia
 · Benaiah son of Jehoiada; commander of King Solomon's army,son of Jehoiada of Pirathon in Ephraim; one of David's elite,head of a large influential family of Simeon in Hezekiah's time,a Levite worship leader in David's time,a priest in David's time,father of Jehoiada, one of king David's counselors,son of Jeiel; a priest under Jehoshaphat,a man who was a temple helper in the time of Hezekiah,a layman of the Parosh clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Pahath-Moab clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Bani clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Nebo clan who put away his heathen wife,the father of Pelatiah, a wicked counselor exposed by Ezekiel
 · Berothai a town between Hamath and Damascus (OS)
 · Cherethites a tribe of Philistines in southern Canaan (YC),officers who formed part of David's guard
 · Damascus a city-state in Syria, located near Mt. Hermon at the edge of the Syrian desert (OS),a town near Mt. Hermon at the edge of the Syrian desert (OS)
 · David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel
 · Edom resident(s) of the region of Edom
 · Edomite resident(s) of the region of Edom
 · Euphrates a large river which joins the Tigris river before flowing into the Persian Gulf,a river flowing from eastern Turkey to the Persian Gulf
 · Hadadezer son of Rehob; King of Zobah defeated by David
 · hamath a town of Syria on the Orontes between Aleppo and Damascus (OS)
 · Hamath a town of unknown location
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jehoiada a chief priest; father of Benaiah, head of David's body guard,chief priest under Athaliah and Joash,a prince of the house of Aaron who defected to David with his men,a man who was a counselor of King David,a chief priest in the time of Jeremiah,son of Eliashib the high priest in Nehemiah's time
 · Jehoshaphat the son and successor of king Asa of Judah; the father of Jehoram; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Ahilud; a recorder for King Solomon,an officer over collecting food supplies for King Solomon from Issachar; son of Paruah,son of Asa; King of Judah,son of Nimshi; father of King Jehu of Israel,a situation ("valley") of being judged (OS)
 · Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin
 · Joab son of Zeruiah, David's sister; commander of King David's army,son of Seraiah son of Kenaz of Judah; grand nephew of Caleb of Moses' time,a man whose descendants returned from exile in Babylon,ancestor of a family group who returned from exile headed by Obadiah the son of Jehiel
 · Joram a son of Jehoshaphat; the father of Uzziah; an ancestor of Jesus.,son of Toi or Tou, king of Hamath,son and successor of King Jehoshaphat of Judah,second son and second successor of King Ahab of Israel,son of Jeshaiah; a Levitical chief treasurer whose descendants returned from exile
 · Metheg-ammah a town of the Philistines
 · Metheg-Ammah a town of the Philistines
 · Moab resident(s) of the country of Moab
 · Moabite a female descendant of Moab
 · Pelethites a type of soldier among David's men, perhaps mercenaries (OS).
 · Philistines a sea people coming from Crete in 1200BC to the coast of Canaan
 · Rehob a town of Asher given to the Gershonites,father of Hadadezer, king of Zobah whom David defeated,son of Henadad, a Levite who covenanted to obey God's law
 · Seraiah secretary of King David,a high priest; son of Azariah III,son of Tanhumeth; a militia leader who rallied to Gedaliah,son of Kenaz son of Jephunneh of Judah,son of Asiel; ancestor of a large influential family of Simeon,priest leader of some who returned from exile with Zerubbabel,son of Hilkiah; head of the priestly clan of Immer in Jerusalem,son of Azriel; a prince in the time of Jehoiakim,son of Neriah; quartermaster deported to Babylon with Zedekiah


Topik/Tema Kamus: David | Hadadezer | Cord | Israel | Palestine | Zobah | God | Rabbah | Euphrates | Syria | PALESTINE, 2 | HADAREZER | Rehob | King | Rezon | TAX; TAXING | SHAVSHA | Toi | Damascus | Armoury | selebihnya
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Catatan Kata/Frasa
Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Defender , TSK

Catatan Kata/Frasa
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NET Notes , Geneva Bible

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MHCC , Matthew Henry , Keil-Delitzsch , Constable , Guzik

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Wesley: 2Sa 8:1 - And David took Gath and her towns, as it is expressed in the parallel place, 1Ch 18:1.

Gath and her towns, as it is expressed in the parallel place, 1Ch 18:1.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:1 - Which are called Metheg ammah, or the bridle of Ammah, Gath was situate in the mountain of Ammah; and because this being the chief city of the Philistines, and having a king,...

ammah, or the bridle of Ammah, Gath was situate in the mountain of Ammah; and because this being the chief city of the Philistines, and having a king, which none of the rest had, was the bridle which had hitherto kept the Israelites in subjection.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:2 - Moab For although the king of Moab, out of hatred to Saul, gave protection to his parents, 1Sa 22:3-4, yet the Moabites were perpetual and sworn enemies to...

For although the king of Moab, out of hatred to Saul, gave protection to his parents, 1Sa 22:3-4, yet the Moabites were perpetual and sworn enemies to the Israelites, who therefore were forbidden to admit them into the congregation of the Lord. And though God commanded them in their march to Canaan, to spare the Moabites, yet afterwards they proved fierce enemies to God and his people, and thereby provoked God to alter his carriage towards them.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:2 - Measured them That is, having conquered the land, he made an estimate of it, and distributed the towns and people into three parts.

That is, having conquered the land, he made an estimate of it, and distributed the towns and people into three parts.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:2 - Casting down Overthrowing their towns, and utterly destroying their people in manner following. And now that prophecy, Num 24:17, was accomplished.

Overthrowing their towns, and utterly destroying their people in manner following. And now that prophecy, Num 24:17, was accomplished.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:3 - As he went David, remembering the grant which God had made to his people of all the land as far as Euphrates, and having subdued his neighbouring enemies, went t...

David, remembering the grant which God had made to his people of all the land as far as Euphrates, and having subdued his neighbouring enemies, went to recover his rights, and stablish his dominion as far as Euphrates.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:4 - Seven hundred Or, seven hundred companies of horsemen, that is, in all seven thousand; as it is 1Ch 18:4, there being ten in each company, and each ten having a rul...

Or, seven hundred companies of horsemen, that is, in all seven thousand; as it is 1Ch 18:4, there being ten in each company, and each ten having a ruler or captain.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:4 - Houghed - That is, cut the sinews of their legs, that they might be useless for war.

- That is, cut the sinews of their legs, that they might be useless for war.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:5 - Of Damascus That is, who were subject to Damascus, the chief city of Syria.

That is, who were subject to Damascus, the chief city of Syria.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:7 - On the servants Or rather, which were with the servants, that is, committed to their custody, as being kept in the king's armoury: for it is not probable they carried...

Or rather, which were with the servants, that is, committed to their custody, as being kept in the king's armoury: for it is not probable they carried them into the field.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:8 - From Betah, &c. _In 1Ch 18:8, it is, from Tibhath, and from Chun. Either therefore the same cities were called by several names, as is usual, the one by the Hebrews, ...

_In 1Ch 18:8, it is, from Tibhath, and from Chun. Either therefore the same cities were called by several names, as is usual, the one by the Hebrews, the other by the Syrians, or those were two other cities, and so the brass was taken out of these four cities.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:14 - The Lord preserved, &c. _All David's victories were typical of the success of the gospel over the kingdom of Satan, in which the Son of David rode forth, conquering and to co...

_All David's victories were typical of the success of the gospel over the kingdom of Satan, in which the Son of David rode forth, conquering and to conquer, and will reign 'till he has brought down all opposing rule, principality and power.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:16 - Recorder The treasurer, who examined all the accounts, and kept records of them.

The treasurer, who examined all the accounts, and kept records of them.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:17 - Scribe Or, secretary of state.

Or, secretary of state.

Wesley: 2Sa 8:18 - Cherethites, &c. _The Cherethites and Pelethites were undoubtedly soldiers, and such as were eminent for their valour and fidelity. Most probable they were the king's ...

_The Cherethites and Pelethites were undoubtedly soldiers, and such as were eminent for their valour and fidelity. Most probable they were the king's guards, which consisted of these two bands, who might be distinguished either by their several weapons, or by the differing time or manner of their service. They are supposed to be thus called either, first, from their office, which was upon the king's command to cut off or punish offenders, and to preserve the king's person, as their names in the Hebrew tongue may seem to imply. Or, secondly, from some country, or place to which they had relation. As for the Cherithites, it is certain they were ether a branch of the Philistines, or a people neighbouring to them, and so might the Pelethites be too, though that be not related in scripture. And these Israelites and soldiers of David might be so called, either because they went and lived with David when he dwelt in those parts or, for some notable exploit against, or victory over these people.

JFB: 2Sa 8:1 - David took Metheg-ammah out of the hand of the Philistines That is, Gath and her suburban towns (1Ch 18:1). That town had been "a bridle" by which the Philistines kept the people of Judah in check. David used ...

That is, Gath and her suburban towns (1Ch 18:1). That town had been "a bridle" by which the Philistines kept the people of Judah in check. David used it now as a barrier to repress that restless enemy.

JFB: 2Sa 8:2 - he smote Moab, and measured them with a line This refers to a well-known practice of Eastern kings, to command their prisoners of war, particularly those who, notorious for the atrocity of their ...

This refers to a well-known practice of Eastern kings, to command their prisoners of war, particularly those who, notorious for the atrocity of their crimes or distinguished by the indomitable spirit of their resistance, had greatly incensed the victors, to lie down on the ground. Then a certain portion of them, which was determined by lot, but most commonly by a measuring-line, were put to death. Our version makes him put two-thirds to death, and spare one-third. The Septuagint and Vulgate make one-half. This war usage was not, perhaps, usually practised by the people of God; but Jewish writers assert that the cause of this particular severity against this people was their having massacred David's parents and family, whom he had, during his exile, committed to the king of Moab.

JFB: 2Sa 8:3 - Zobah (1Ch 18:3). This kingdom was bounded on the east by the Euphrates, and it extended westward from that river, perhaps as far north as Aleppo. It was l...

(1Ch 18:3). This kingdom was bounded on the east by the Euphrates, and it extended westward from that river, perhaps as far north as Aleppo. It was long the chief among the petty kingdoms of Syria, and its king bore the hereditary title of "Hadadezer" or "Hadarezer" ("Hadad," that is, "helped").

JFB: 2Sa 8:3 - as he went to recover his border at the river Euphrates In accordance with the promises God made to Israel that He would give them all the country as far as the Euphrates (Gen 15:18; Num 24:17). In the firs...

In accordance with the promises God made to Israel that He would give them all the country as far as the Euphrates (Gen 15:18; Num 24:17). In the first campaign David signally defeated Hadadezer. Besides a great number of foot prisoners, he took from him an immense amount of booty in chariots and horses. Reserving only a small number of the latter, he hamstrung the rest. The horses were thus mutilated because they were forbidden to the Hebrews, both in war and agriculture. So it was of no use to keep them. Besides, their neighbors placed much dependence on cavalry, but having, for want of a native breed, to procure them by purchase, the greatest damage that could be done to such enemies was to render their horses unserviceable in war. (See also Gen 46:6; Jos 11:6, Jos 11:9). A king of Damascene-Syria came to Hadadezer's succor; but David routed those auxiliary forces also, took possession of their country, put garrisons into their fortified towns, and made them tributary.

JFB: 2Sa 8:9 - Toi king of Hamath Cœle-Syria; northwards, it extended to the city Hamath on the Orontes, which was the capital of the country. The Syrian prince, being delivered from ...

Cœle-Syria; northwards, it extended to the city Hamath on the Orontes, which was the capital of the country. The Syrian prince, being delivered from the dread of a dangerous neighbor, sent his son with valuable presents to David to congratulate him on his victories, and solicit his alliance and protection.

JFB: 2Sa 8:10 - Joram Or Hadoram (1Ch 18:10).

Or Hadoram (1Ch 18:10).

JFB: 2Sa 8:11 - Which also king David did dedicate unto the Lord Eastern princes have always been accustomed to hoard up vast quantities of gold. This is the first instance of a practice uniformly followed by David ...

Eastern princes have always been accustomed to hoard up vast quantities of gold. This is the first instance of a practice uniformly followed by David of reserving, after defraying expenses and bestowing suitable rewards upon his soldiers, the remainder of the spoil taken in war, to accumulate for the grand project of his life--the erection of a national temple at Jerusalem.

JFB: 2Sa 8:13 - David gat him a name when he returned from smiting of the Syrians Instead of Syrians, the Septuagint version reads "Edomites," which is the true reading, as is evident from 2Sa 8:14. This conquest, made by the army o...

Instead of Syrians, the Septuagint version reads "Edomites," which is the true reading, as is evident from 2Sa 8:14. This conquest, made by the army of David, was due to the skilful generalship and gallantry of Abishai and Joab. (1Ch 18:12; compare Psa 60:1, title.) The valley was the ravine of salt (the Ghor), adjoining the Salt Mountain, at the southwestern extremity of the Dead Sea, separating the ancient territories of Judah and Edom [ROBINSON].

JFB: 2Sa 8:15 - David executed judgment and justice unto all his people Though involved in foreign wars, he maintained an excellent system of government at home, the most eminent men of the age composing his cabinet of min...

Though involved in foreign wars, he maintained an excellent system of government at home, the most eminent men of the age composing his cabinet of ministers.

JFB: 2Sa 8:16 - Joab . . . was over the host By virtue of a special promise (2Sa 5:8).

By virtue of a special promise (2Sa 5:8).

JFB: 2Sa 8:16 - recorder Historiographer or daily annalist, an office of great trust and importance in Eastern countries.

Historiographer or daily annalist, an office of great trust and importance in Eastern countries.

JFB: 2Sa 8:17 - Zadok . . . and Ahimelech . . . were the priests On the massacre of the priests at Nob, [1Sa 22:19], Saul conferred the priesthood on Zadok, of the family of Eleazar (1Ch 6:50), while David acknowled...

On the massacre of the priests at Nob, [1Sa 22:19], Saul conferred the priesthood on Zadok, of the family of Eleazar (1Ch 6:50), while David acknowledged Ahimelech, of Ithamar's family, who fled to him. The two high priests exercised their office under the respective princes to whom they were attached. But, on David's obtaining the kingdom over all Israel, they both retained their dignity; Ahimelech officiating at Jerusalem, and Zadok at Gibeon (1Ch 16:39).

JFB: 2Sa 8:18 - Cherethites That is, Philistines (Zep 2:5).

That is, Philistines (Zep 2:5).

JFB: 2Sa 8:18 - Pelethites From Pelet (1Ch 12:3). They were the valiant men who, having accompanied David during his exile among the Philistines, were made his bodyguard.

From Pelet (1Ch 12:3). They were the valiant men who, having accompanied David during his exile among the Philistines, were made his bodyguard.

Clarke: 2Sa 8:1 - David took Metheg-ammah David took Metheg-ammah - This is variously translated. The Vulgate has, Tulit David fraenum tributi , David removed the bondage of the tribute, whi...

David took Metheg-ammah - This is variously translated. The Vulgate has, Tulit David fraenum tributi , David removed the bondage of the tribute, which the Israelites paid to the Philistines. Some think it means a fortress, city, or strong town; but no such place as Metheg-ammah is known. Probably the Vulgate is nearest the truth. The versions are all different. See the following comparison of the principal passages here collated with the parallel place in 1 Chr: -

2 Samuel1 Chronicles
2Sa 8:1. - David took Metheg-ammah 2Sa 8:3. David1Ch 18:1. - David took Gath and her towns. 1Ch 18:3. David
smote Hadadezer 2Sa 8:4. And David took from himsmote Hadarezer 1Ch 18:4. And David took from him
1000 and 700 horsemen, and 20,000 foot.1000 chariots, and 7000 horsemen, and 20,000 foot.
2Sa 8:6. Then David put garrisons in Syria 2Sa 8:8. And1Ch 18:6. Then David put in Syria 1Ch 18:8. And
from Betah and Berothai cities of Hadadezer. 2Sa 8:9.from Tibhath and Chun cities of Hadarezer. 1Ch 18:9.
When Toi heard that David had smittenWhen Tou heard that David had smitten
Hadadezer 2Sa 8:10. Then Toi sent Joram his sonHadarezer 1Ch 18:10. He sent Hadoram his son
2Sa 8:12- Syria and Moab 2Sa 8:13. - Syrians, in the valley1Ch 18:11- Edom and Moab 1Ch 18:12. - Edomites, in the valley
of salt, 18,000 2Sa 8:17. - Ahimelech - and Seraiahof salt, 18,000 1Ch 18:16. - Abimelech - and Shausha
was the scribe. 2Sa 10:16. Shobach the captainwas scribe. 1Ch 19:16. Shophach the captain
2Sa 10:17. David passed over Jordan, and came הלאמה 1Ch 19:17. David passed over Jordan and came אלהם
to Helam. 2Sa 10:18. David slew 700upon them 1Ch 19:18. David slew of the Syrians 7000
chariots of the Syrians, and 40,000 horsemen;chariots, and 40,000 footmen;
and smote Shobach, etc.and killed Shophach, etc.

Clarke: 2Sa 8:2 - And measured them with a line - even with two lines And measured them with a line - even with two lines - It has been generally conjectured that David, after he had conquered Moab, consigned two-third...

And measured them with a line - even with two lines - It has been generally conjectured that David, after he had conquered Moab, consigned two-thirds of the inhabitants to the sword; but I think the text will bear a meaning much more reputable to that king. The first clause of the verse seems to determine the sense; he measured them with a line, casting them down to the ground - to put to death, and with one line to keep alive. Death seems here to be referred to the cities by way of metaphor; and, from this view of the subject we may conclude that two-thirds of the cities, that is, the strong places of Moab, were erased; and not having strong places to trust to, the text adds, So the Moabites became David’ s servants, and brought gifts, i.e., were obliged to pay tribute. The word line may mean the same here as our rod, i.e., the instrument by which land is measured. There are various opinions on this verse, with which I shall not trouble the reader. Much may be seen in Calmet and Dodd.

Clarke: 2Sa 8:3 - David smote - Hadadezer David smote - Hadadezer - He is supposed to have been king of all Syria, except Phoenicia; and, wishing to extend his dominions to the Euphrates, in...

David smote - Hadadezer - He is supposed to have been king of all Syria, except Phoenicia; and, wishing to extend his dominions to the Euphrates, invaded a part of David’ s dominions which lay contiguous to it; but being attacked by David, he was totally routed.

Clarke: 2Sa 8:4 - A thousand chariots A thousand chariots - It is strange that there were a thousand chariots, and only seven hundred horsemen taken, and twenty thousand foot. But as the...

A thousand chariots - It is strange that there were a thousand chariots, and only seven hundred horsemen taken, and twenty thousand foot. But as the discomfiture appears complete, we may suppose that the chariots, being less manageable, might be more easily taken, while the horsemen might, in general, make their escape. The infantry also seem to have been surrounded, when twenty thousand of them were taken prisoners

Clarke: 2Sa 8:4 - David houghed all the chariot horses David houghed all the chariot horses - If he did so, it was both unreasonable and inhuman; for, as he had so complete a victory, there was no danger...

David houghed all the chariot horses - If he did so, it was both unreasonable and inhuman; for, as he had so complete a victory, there was no danger of these horses falling into the enemy’ s hands; and if he did not choose to keep them, which indeed the law would not permit, he should have killed them outright; and then the poor innocent creatures would have been put out of pain. But does the text speak of houghing horses at all? It does not. Let us hear; ויעקר דוד את כל הרכב vayeakker David eth col harecheb , And David disjointed all the chariots, except a hundred chariots which he reserved for himself. Now, this destruction of the chariots, was a matter of sound policy, and strict piety. God had censured those who trusted in chariots; piety therefore forbade David the use of them: and lest they should fall into the enemy’ s hands, and be again used against him, policy induced him to destroy them. The Septuagint render the words nearly as I have done, και παρελυσε Δαυιδ παντα τα ἁρματα

He kept however one hundred; probably as a sort of baggage or forage wagons.

Clarke: 2Sa 8:6 - Brought gifts Brought gifts - Paid tribute.

Brought gifts - Paid tribute.

Clarke: 2Sa 8:7 - David took the shields of gold David took the shields of gold - We know not what these were. Some translate arms, others quivers, others bracelets, others collars, and others shie...

David took the shields of gold - We know not what these were. Some translate arms, others quivers, others bracelets, others collars, and others shields. They were probably costly ornaments by which the Syrian soldiers were decked and distinguished. And those who are called servants here, were probably the choice troops or body-guard of Hadadezer, as the argyraspides were of Alexander the Great. See Quintus Curtius.

Clarke: 2Sa 8:9 - Toi king of Hamath Toi king of Hamath - Hamath is supposed to be the famous city of Emesa, situated on the Orontes, in Syria. This was contiguous t Hadadezer; and led ...

Toi king of Hamath - Hamath is supposed to be the famous city of Emesa, situated on the Orontes, in Syria. This was contiguous t

Hadadezer; and led him to wage war with Toi, that he might get possession of his territories. For a comparison of the 10th verse, see 1Ch 18:9.

Clarke: 2Sa 8:13 - David gat him a name David gat him a name - Became a very celebrated and eminent man. The Targum has it, David collected troops; namely, to recruit his army when he retu...

David gat him a name - Became a very celebrated and eminent man. The Targum has it, David collected troops; namely, to recruit his army when he returned from smiting the Syrians. His many battles had no doubt greatly thinned his army

Clarke: 2Sa 8:13 - The valley of salt The valley of salt - Supposed to be a large plain abounding in this mineral, about a league from the city of Palmyra or Tadmor in the wilderness.

The valley of salt - Supposed to be a large plain abounding in this mineral, about a league from the city of Palmyra or Tadmor in the wilderness.

Clarke: 2Sa 8:14 - He put garrisons in Edom He put garrisons in Edom - He repaired the strong cities which he had taken, and put garrisons in them to keep the country in awe.

He put garrisons in Edom - He repaired the strong cities which he had taken, and put garrisons in them to keep the country in awe.

Clarke: 2Sa 8:16 - Joab - was over the host Joab - was over the host - General and commander-in-chief over all the army

Joab - was over the host - General and commander-in-chief over all the army

Clarke: 2Sa 8:16 - Ahilud - recorder Ahilud - recorder - מזכיר mazkir , remembrancer; one who kept a strict journal of all the proceedings of the king and operations of his army; ...

Ahilud - recorder - מזכיר mazkir , remembrancer; one who kept a strict journal of all the proceedings of the king and operations of his army; a chronicler. Or, remembrancer, or, writer of chronicles .

Clarke: 2Sa 8:17 - Seraiah - the scribe Seraiah - the scribe - Most likely the king’ s private secretary. See 1Ch 24:3 (note).

Seraiah - the scribe - Most likely the king’ s private secretary. See 1Ch 24:3 (note).

Clarke: 2Sa 8:18 - Benaiah Benaiah - The chief of the second class of David’ s worthies. We shall meet with him again

Benaiah - The chief of the second class of David’ s worthies. We shall meet with him again

Clarke: 2Sa 8:18 - The Cherethites and the Pelethites The Cherethites and the Pelethites - The former supposed to be those who accompanied David when he fled from Saul; the latter, those who came to him...

The Cherethites and the Pelethites - The former supposed to be those who accompanied David when he fled from Saul; the latter, those who came to him at Ziklag. But the Targum translates these two names thus, the archers and the slingers; and this is by far the most likely. It is not at all probable that David was without a company both of archers and slingers. The bow is celebrated in the funeral lamentation over Saul and Jonathan; and the sling was renowned as the weapon of the Israelites, and how expert David was in the use of it we learn from the death of Goliath. I take for granted that the Chaldee paraphrast is correct. No weapons then known were equally powerful with these; the spears, swords, and javelins, of other nations, were as stubble before them. The bow was the grand weapon of our English ancestors; and even after the invention of firearms, they were with difficulty persuaded to prefer them and leave their archery.

Defender: 2Sa 8:4 - seven hundred horsemen 1Ch 18:4 gives this number as "seven thousand horsemen." The apparent discrepancy is probably due to a copyist error, and most likely should be "seven...

1Ch 18:4 gives this number as "seven thousand horsemen." The apparent discrepancy is probably due to a copyist error, and most likely should be "seven thousand.""

TSK: 2Sa 8:1 - And after // Methegammah am 2964, bc 1040, An, Ex, Is, 451 And after : 2Sa 7:9, 2Sa 21:15-22 Methegammah : or, the bridle of Ammah, 2Sa 2:24; 1Chr. 18:1-17, Gath, In the paral...

am 2964, bc 1040, An, Ex, Is, 451

And after : 2Sa 7:9, 2Sa 21:15-22

Methegammah : or, the bridle of Ammah, 2Sa 2:24; 1Chr. 18:1-17, Gath, In the parallel passage of Chronicles, we read, ""David took Gath and her towns;""and it is probable, that Gath and its districts were called Metheg-ammah in David’ s time; which, being unusual or becoming obsolete, in the time of the author of the Chronicles, led him thus to explain it.

TSK: 2Sa 8:2 - he smote // measured // And so // brought gifts he smote : Num 24:17; Jdg 3:29, Jdg 3:30; 1Sa 14:47; Psa 60:8, Psa 83:6, Psa 108:9 measured : 2Sa 12:31 And so : 2Sa 8:6, 2Sa 8:12-14; 2Ki 1:1, 3:4-27...

TSK: 2Sa 8:3 - Hadadezer // Zobah // at the river Hadadezer : 1Ch 18:3, Hadarezer Zobah : 2Sa 10:6; 1Sa 14:47; 1Ki 11:23, 1Ki 11:24; Psa 60:1 *title at the river : Gen 15:18; Exo 23:31; Deu 11:24; 1Ki...

Hadadezer : 1Ch 18:3, Hadarezer

Zobah : 2Sa 10:6; 1Sa 14:47; 1Ki 11:23, 1Ki 11:24; Psa 60:1 *title

at the river : Gen 15:18; Exo 23:31; Deu 11:24; 1Ki 4:21; Psa 72:8

TSK: 2Sa 8:4 - from him // chariots // reserved from him : or, of his chariots : As 1Ch 18:4 seven hundred. In the parallel place in Chronicles it is ""seven thousand horsemen, a far more probable ...

from him : or, of his

chariots : As 1Ch 18:4 seven hundred. In the parallel place in Chronicles it is ""seven thousand horsemen, a far more probable number. The letter ז , zayin , with a dot upon it stands for seven thousand, and the final letter ן , noon , for seven hundred. The great similarity of these letters might easily cause the one to be mistaken for the other, and so produce an error in this place. David houghed, Deu 17:16; Jos 11:6, Jos 11:9; Psa 20:7, Psa 33:16, Psa 33:17

reserved : 1Ki 10:26

TSK: 2Sa 8:5 - And when // came // Zobah And when : 1Ki 11:23-25; 1Ch 18:5, 1Ch 18:6; Isa 7:8 came : Job 9:13; Psa 83:4-8; Isa 8:9, Isa 8:10, Isa 31:3 Zobah : From 2Ch 8:3, we learn that Zoba...

And when : 1Ki 11:23-25; 1Ch 18:5, 1Ch 18:6; Isa 7:8

came : Job 9:13; Psa 83:4-8; Isa 8:9, Isa 8:10, Isa 31:3

Zobah : From 2Ch 8:3, we learn that Zobah was the district in which Tadmor or Palymyra was situated; and consequently lay between the land of Israel and the Euphrates. The capital was probably the same as the Sabe mentioned by Ptolemy as a city of Arabia Deserta.

TSK: 2Sa 8:6 - garrisons // became // the Lord garrisons : 2Sa 8:14, 2Sa 23:14; 1Sa 13:3, 1Sa 14:1, 1Sa 14:6, 1Sa 14:15; 2Ch 17:2; Psa 18:34-46 became : 2Sa 8:2 the Lord : 2Sa 8:14, 2Sa 7:9; 1Ch 18...

TSK: 2Sa 8:7 - shields shields : 1Ki 10:16, 1Ki 10:17, 1Ki 14:26, 1Ki 14:27; 1Ch 18:7; 2Ch 9:15, 2Ch 9:16

TSK: 2Sa 8:8 - Betah // Berothai // exceeding Betah : Probably the same as Bathne in Syria, between Beroeea and Hierapolis. 1Ch 18:8, Tibhath, Chun Berothai : Berothai is probably the Barathena of...

Betah : Probably the same as Bathne in Syria, between Beroeea and Hierapolis. 1Ch 18:8, Tibhath, Chun

Berothai : Berothai is probably the Barathena of Ptolemy, which he mentions, along with Sabe, as a city of Arabia Deserta, in the confines of the Palmyrenian district.

exceeding : 1Ch 22:14, 1Ch 22:16, 1Ch 29:7; 2Chr. 4:1-18

TSK: 2Sa 8:9 - Toi // Hamath Toi : 1Ch 18:9, Tou Hamath : Amo 6:2

Toi : 1Ch 18:9, Tou

Hamath : Amo 6:2

TSK: 2Sa 8:10 - Joram // salute him // to bless him // had wars // brought with him Joram : 1Ch 18:10, Hadoram salute him : Heb. ask him of peace, Gen 43:27; Isa 39:1 to bless him : 1Sa 13:10 *marg. 1Ki 1:47; Psa 129:8 had wars : Heb....

Joram : 1Ch 18:10, Hadoram

salute him : Heb. ask him of peace, Gen 43:27; Isa 39:1

to bless him : 1Sa 13:10 *marg. 1Ki 1:47; Psa 129:8

had wars : Heb. was a man of wars

brought with him : Heb. in his hand were.

TSK: 2Sa 8:11 - Which Which : 1Ki 7:51; 1Ch 18:11, 1Ch 22:14-16, 1Ch 26:26-28, 1Ch 29:2; Mic 4:13

TSK: 2Sa 8:12 - Syria Syria : 2Sa 10:11, 2Sa 10:14, 2Sa 12:26-31; 1Ch 18:11

TSK: 2Sa 8:13 - gat him // smiting // the valley of salt // being gat him : 2Sa 7:9; 1Ch 18:12; Psa 60:1 *title smiting : Heb. his smiting the valley of salt : 2Ki 14:7; 2Ch 25:11 being : or, slaying

gat him : 2Sa 7:9; 1Ch 18:12; Psa 60:1 *title

smiting : Heb. his smiting

the valley of salt : 2Ki 14:7; 2Ch 25:11

being : or, slaying

TSK: 2Sa 8:14 - all they // the Lord all they : Gen 25:23, Gen 27:29, Gen 27:37, Gen 27:40; Num 24:18; 1Ki 22:47; 1Ch 18:13; Psa 60:8, Psa 60:9; Psa 108:9, Psa 108:10 the Lord : 2Sa 8:6; ...

TSK: 2Sa 8:15 - over all Israel // David executed over all Israel : 2Sa 3:12, 2Sa 5:5 David executed : 2Sa 23:3, 2Sa 23:4; 1Ch 18:14; Psa 45:6, Psa 45:7, Psa 72:2, Psa 75:2, Psa 78:71, Psa 78:72, Psa ...

TSK: 2Sa 8:16 - Joab // Jehoshaphat // recorder Joab : 2Sa 19:13, 2Sa 20:23; 1Ch 11:6, 1Ch 18:15-17 Jehoshaphat : 1Ki 4:3 recorder : or, remembrancer, or writer of chronicles

Joab : 2Sa 19:13, 2Sa 20:23; 1Ch 11:6, 1Ch 18:15-17

Jehoshaphat : 1Ki 4:3

recorder : or, remembrancer, or writer of chronicles

TSK: 2Sa 8:17 - Zadok // and Seraiah // scribe Zadok : 1Ch 6:8, 1Ch 6:53, 1Ch 24:3, 1Ch 24:4 and Seraiah : 1Ch 18:16, Shavsha scribe : or, secretary

Zadok : 1Ch 6:8, 1Ch 6:53, 1Ch 24:3, 1Ch 24:4

and Seraiah : 1Ch 18:16, Shavsha

scribe : or, secretary

TSK: 2Sa 8:18 - Benaiah // the Cherethites // chief rulers Benaiah : 1Ki 1:44, 1Ki 2:34, 1Ki 2:35; 1Ch 18:17 the Cherethites : 2Sa 15:18, 2Sa 20:7, 2Sa 20:23, 2Sa 23:20-23; 1Sa 30:14; Eze 25:16; Zep 2:5 chief ...

Benaiah : 1Ki 1:44, 1Ki 2:34, 1Ki 2:35; 1Ch 18:17

the Cherethites : 2Sa 15:18, 2Sa 20:7, 2Sa 20:23, 2Sa 23:20-23; 1Sa 30:14; Eze 25:16; Zep 2:5

chief rulers : or, princes, 2Sa 20:26

kecilkan semua
Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: 2Sa 8:1 - Metheg-ammah Metheg-ammah i.e. Gath and her towns , as it is expressed in the parallel place, 1Ch 18:1 , which are called Metheg-ammah , or the bridle of Ammah...

Metheg-ammah i.e. Gath and her towns , as it is expressed in the parallel place, 1Ch 18:1 , which are called Metheg-ammah , or the bridle of Ammah, because Gath was situate in the mountain of Ammah; and because this being the chief city of the Philistines, and having a king, which none of the rest had, was the bridle which had hitherto kept the Israelites in subjection, but now was taken out of their mouths.

Poole: 2Sa 8:2 - He smote Moab // With a line // Casting them down to the ground // With two lines measured he to put to death He smote Moab for although the king of Moab, out of hatred to Saul, pretended some kindness to David, and gave protection to his parents, 1Sa 22:3,4 ...

He smote Moab for although the king of Moab, out of hatred to Saul, pretended some kindness to David, and gave protection to his parents, 1Sa 22:3,4 ; yet the Moabites were perpetual and sworn enemies to the Israelites, who therefore were forbidden to admit them into the congregation of the Lord, and to seek their peace and prosperity, Deu 23:6 . And though God commanded them in their march to Canaan to spare the Moabites, Deu 2:9,19 , yet afterwards they proved unthankful, and insolent, and fierce enemies to God and his people, Num 22:2,24:17,18 Jud 3:14 , &c.; 1Sa 14:47 , &c., and thereby provoked God to alter his course and carriage towards them.

With a line i. e. as with line, the particle as being oft understood, as Psa 11:1 22:6 45:1 . The sense is, having conquered the land, he made an estimate of it, and, as it follows, distributed the towns and people into three parts.

Casting them down to the ground i. e. overthrowing their towns, and utterly destroying their people in, manner following.

With two lines measured he to put to death which severity was necessary for his own and his people’ s security, because they were numerous and potent, and bordering upon Canaan, and very vexatious and mischievous to the Israelites. And now that prophecy, Num 24:7 , was accomplished.

Poole: 2Sa 8:3 - Hadadezer // Zobah // As he went // Quest // Answ Hadadezer called Hadarezer , 1Ch 18:3 , the Hebrew letters daleth and reseh being alike, and so oft interchanged. Zobah a part of Syria, lying...

Hadadezer called Hadarezer , 1Ch 18:3 , the Hebrew letters daleth and reseh being alike, and so oft interchanged.

Zobah a part of Syria, lying north-east from Canaan, towards Hamath, 1Ch 18:3 . See 1Sa 14:47 .

As he went

Quest. Who?

Answ Either, first, Hadarezer ; who, being already very potent, and going to enlarge his dominion further, David thought fit to oppose him. Or, secondly, David, who remembering the grant which God had made to his people of all the land as far as Euphrates, and having subdued his neighbouring enemies, went to recover his rights, and stablish his dominion as far as Euphrates.

Poole: 2Sa 8:4 - Chariots // Seven hundred horsemen // Houghed // All the chariot horses Chariots which word is fitly supplied out of 1Ch 18:4 , such substantives being oft understood in the Hebrew language, as Gen 26:30 2Sa 21:16 . Seve...

Chariots which word is fitly supplied out of 1Ch 18:4 , such substantives being oft understood in the Hebrew language, as Gen 26:30 2Sa 21:16 .

Seven hundred horsemen or seven hundred companies of horsemen, i. e. in all seven thousand ; as it is 1Ch 18:4 ; there being ten on each company, and each ten having a ruler or captain, Exo 18:21 Deu 1:15 . Or these seven hundred were the chief and the rulers of the rest, and the remaining six thousand three hundred were the common horsemen, subject to their commanders.

Houghed i.e. cut the sinews of their legs, that they might be useless for war. Compare Jos 11:6 .

All the chariot horses except the following reserve. Chariots are here put for chariot horses, as they are 1Sa 13:5 2Sa 10:18 Psa 76:6 . David did this because he could not keep them for his own use, Deu 17:16 .

Poole: 2Sa 8:5 - The Syrians of Damascus The Syrians of Damascus i. e. who were subject to Damascus, the chief city of Syria.

The Syrians of Damascus i. e. who were subject to Damascus, the chief city of Syria.

Poole: 2Sa 8:6 - Brought gifts Brought gifts to purchase their peace, and acknowledge their subjection to him.

Brought gifts to purchase their peace, and acknowledge their subjection to him.

Poole: 2Sa 8:7 - That were on the servants That were on the servants or rather, which were with the servants , i.e. committed to their custody, as being kept in the king’ s armory; for i...

That were on the servants or rather, which were with the servants , i.e. committed to their custody, as being kept in the king’ s armory; for it is not probable they carried them into the field.

Poole: 2Sa 8:8 - -- In 1Ch 18:8 , it is from Tibnath and from Chun . Either therefore the same cities were called by several names, as is usual, the one by the Hebrews...

In 1Ch 18:8 , it is from Tibnath and from Chun . Either therefore the same cities were called by several names, as is usual, the one by the Hebrews, the other by the Syrians; or those were two other cities, and so the brass was taken out of these four cities.

Poole: 2Sa 8:9 - Hamath Hamath another eminent city of Syria.

Hamath another eminent city of Syria.

Poole: 2Sa 8:10 - Toi sent Joram // Had wars Toi sent Joram: here also the names differ from 1Ch 18:9,10 , where it is Tou and Hadoram . Had wars Heb. was a man of wars , i.e. was exercise...

Toi sent Joram: here also the names differ from 1Ch 18:9,10 , where it is Tou and Hadoram .

Had wars Heb. was a man of wars , i.e. was exercised with continual wars. Compare Gen 9:20 , &c.

Poole: 2Sa 8:11 - Unto the Lord Unto the Lord to the building of God’ s temple. So he showed his affection to God and his house, in preparing for it when he was not permitted t...

Unto the Lord to the building of God’ s temple. So he showed his affection to God and his house, in preparing for it when he was not permitted to build it.

Poole: 2Sa 8:13 - Gat him a name // And David gat him a name when he returned from smiting of the Syrians // in the valley of salt eighteen thousand men // The valley of salt Gat him a name i.e. much increased his reputation. The Syrians , or Edomites , as they are said to be, 1Ch 18:12 . It is likely these two people we...

Gat him a name i.e. much increased his reputation. The Syrians , or Edomites , as they are said to be, 1Ch 18:12 . It is likely these two people were confederates, and that divers of the Syrians whom David had defeated in Syria fled to Edom, and there joined with them against their common enemy, and made up together a very great army, (as the number of the men slain in it showeth,) consisting of the veteran soldiers of both countries; although the slaughter here following may seem not to have been of the Syrians, as the words at first reading seem to intimate, but of the Edomites; (it not being probable that the Syrians would come so far from their own country, as to the valley of salt, to fight;) and this verse may be read thus, and that very agreeably to the Hebrew:

And David gat him a name when he returned from smiting of the Syrians in smiting (which is easily repeated out of the last clause, according to the common usage of Scripture)

in the valley of salt eighteen thousand men who were Edomites , as is sufficiently implied here in the next verse, and expressed 1Ch 18:12 .

The valley of salt a place in Edom so called, either from its neighbourhood to the Salt Sea, or for some other cause now unknown. Being eighteen thousand men; as it is also 1 1Ch 18:12 , where also they are said to be smitten by Abishai, because he was then a chief commander of the army under David, and, it may be, began the fight; as, for the like reason, they are said to be smitten by Joab, Psa 60:1 , where also there are only 12,000 mentioned; which place, if it speak of this battle, the state of it was this: Abishai begins the combat, and kills 6000; after him comes in Joab, and kills 12,000 more, which makes up this 18,000. But why may not that be another history and battle? So the Edomites and Syrians together did first fight with Abishai, and lost 18,000 men, and afterwards recruited their forces and fought with Joab, and lost other 12,000 men. Nor is it strange if two battles were fought in one place; of which there are divers instances in historians.

Poole: 2Sa 8:15 - Judgment and Justice Judgment and Justice i. e. just judgment, as Deu 16:18 . A figure called hendiadis as in Gen 3:16 Mat 4:16 .

Judgment and Justice i. e. just judgment, as Deu 16:18 . A figure called hendiadis as in Gen 3:16 Mat 4:16 .

Poole: 2Sa 8:16 - Joab // Recorder Joab having doubtless declared his repentance for his former crimes, and having done eminent service for his country, and having received the chief c...

Joab having doubtless declared his repentance for his former crimes, and having done eminent service for his country, and having received the chief command by virtue of David’ s promise and contract, 2Sa 5:8 , was still continued in his place.

Recorder either, first, The writer of chronicles. But it is not likely he would have been put among the great officers of state and church. Or, secondly, The treasurer, who examined all the accounts, and kept records of them. Or, thirdly, The king’ s counsellor, as Ahithophel is called, 2Sa 15:12 1Ch 27:33 , who was to bring things of moment to the king’ s mind and remembrance, and to admonish him from time to time of things fit to be done. See 1Ki 4:3 2Ki 18:18 .

Poole: 2Sa 8:17 - The son of Ahitub // Ahimelech the son of Abiathar The son of Ahitub not of that Ahitub, 1Sa 22 ; for that was of Ithamar’ s race, but this of Eleazar. Ahimelech the son of Abiathar so Abiathar...

The son of Ahitub not of that Ahitub, 1Sa 22 ; for that was of Ithamar’ s race, but this of Eleazar.

Ahimelech the son of Abiathar so Abiathar called his son by the name of his father, 1Sa 22:20 . The priests, i. e. the chief priest next under Abiathar, who fled to David, 1Sa 22:20 , and now was high priest, as may be gathered from 2Sa 15:35 1Ki 2:27,35 : under him these two were the next chief priests, or the second priests, each one being chief of the house of his father, Zadok of Eleazar, and Ahimelech of Ithamar. See Num 3:32 1Ch 24:3,4 . Or these two are here mentioned, because they constantly attended upon the king, that he might consult with them in the matters of the Lord, as need required.

Poole: 2Sa 8:18 - Was over // Were chief rulers Was over: these words are supplied out of the parallel place, 1Ch 18:17 , and out of 2Sa 20:23 , where they are expressed. The Cherethites and Pelet...

Was over: these words are supplied out of the parallel place, 1Ch 18:17 , and out of 2Sa 20:23 , where they are expressed.

The Cherethites and Pelethites were undoubtedly soldiers, and such as were eminent for their valour and fidelity to the king, as is evident from 2Sa 15:18 20:7 1Ki 1:38,44 ; and most probably they were the king’ s guards, which consisted of these two bands, who might be distinguished either by their several weapons, or by the differing time or manner of their service. They are supposed to be thus called, either, first, from their office, which was upon the king’ s command to cut off or punish offenders, and to preserve the king’ s person, as their names in the Hebrew tongue may seem to imply; or, secondly, from some country or place to which they had relation. As for the Cherethites, it is certain they were either a branch of the Philistines, or a people neighbouring to them, and confederate with them, as is manifest from 1Sa 30:14 Eze 25:16 Zep 2:4,5 . And so might the Pelethites be too, though that be not related in Scripture. And these Israelites and soldiers of David might be so called, either because they went and lived with David when he dwelt in those parts; or from some notable exploit against or victory over these people; as among the Romans the names of Asiaticus, Africanus, &c. were given for the same reason. One of their exploits against the Cherethites is in part related 1Sa 30:14 . And it is likely they did many other against them, and against other people, amongst which the Pelethites might be one.

Were chief rulers had the places of greatest. authority and dignity conferred upon them.

Haydock: 2Sa 8:1 - Tribute Tribute. Aquila, and probably St. Jerome, translated, "cubit." Others suppose that Amma, or Meteg-ama, is some unknown place, which David wrest...

Tribute. Aquila, and probably St. Jerome, translated, "cubit." Others suppose that Amma, or Meteg-ama, is some unknown place, which David wrested from the hands of the Philistines. It is hardly probable that the Israelites would have paid the latter tribute till the 20th year of his reign, (Calmet) or even till the 12th. (Salien) ---

He might now force them to pay tribute. (St. Jerome, &c.) (Haydock) ---

Perhaps a letter may have been transposed, and instead of Meteg, we should read, " Geth, the mother," or metropolis, and its dependencies; (1 Paralipomenon xviii. 1.) or "he took Metec, (Numbers xxxiii. 28.) and its mother," Geth, which reconciles the two passages. Chaldean, &c., "he deprived them of the advantage of the rivulet." Septuagint, "David took the separated" place, (Serarius) or the city of Geth. (Menochius)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:2 - Earth // Lex nulla capto parcit aut pœnam impendit // Tribute Earth, like criminals condemned to die. (Theodoret) --- Some of them he chose to spare, and made tributary, having levelled the strong places with ...

Earth, like criminals condemned to die. (Theodoret) ---

Some of them he chose to spare, and made tributary, having levelled the strong places with the ground. (Denis the Carthusian) ---

Septuagint intimate that half were destroyed. (Calmet) ---

But the Hebrew rather implies that the greatest part was saved, "a full cord to save alive;" (Menochius) unless there were three lots, and only one of them, larger indeed than the rest, spared. (Haydock) ---

Death, or slavery, were the portion of all who were taken in war. (Grotius, Jur. iii. 4, 20.) ---

Lex nulla capto parcit aut pœnam impendit. (Seneca) ---

Tribute. Hebrew, "brought gifts," which is a softer term. The Moabites were thus punished for former and, probably, for some recent offences. (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:3 - Adarezer // Euphrates Adarezer. He is styled Adadezer in Hebrew and this seems to have been his true name, though it is written Adarezer in Paralipomenon. Adad, or "the ...

Adarezer. He is styled Adadezer in Hebrew and this seems to have been his true name, though it is written Adarezer in Paralipomenon. Adad, or "the sun," was the chief idol of Syria, and the kings inserted the name with their own; as Benadad did. Josephus produces a fragment from Nicholaus of Damascus, in which he says that "Adad was king of Damascus, and of all Syria, except Phœnicia, and was defeated by David....His successors took his name, as the kings of Egypt did that of Ptolemy; and that the third in descent from this king, made an attack upon Samaria," and upon Achab. (Antiquities vii. 6.) ---

Euphrates, which had been promised by God, Genesis xv. 18., and Numbers xxiv. 17. (Calmet) ---

Adadezer was probably the aggressor. (Salien) (Menochius)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:4 - A thousand // Houghed // Horses A thousand. Protestants supply chariots, (Haydock) after the Septuagint and 1 Paralipomenon (xviii. 4.) which have 7000 horsemen. See how we ha...

A thousand. Protestants supply chariots, (Haydock) after the Septuagint and 1 Paralipomenon (xviii. 4.) which have 7000 horsemen. See how we have attempted to reconcile these texts, 1 Kings xiii. 5. Perhaps the numbers were expressed by single letters; and the Hebrew final n, (700) has been mistaken for z, (7000) both here and [in] chap. x. 18. Literis numeralibus non verbis antiquitus numeri concipiebantur. (Scaliger, apud Walton prol.) ---

"Will any other hypothesis so naturally solve this repeated difficulty?" (Kennicott, Diss. on 1 Chronicles xi. p. 96 and 463.) ---

Kimchi thinks that the king's horse-guards are only specified here; and Salien supposes, that those who fought on chariots are also included in Chronicles, as they are often styled horsemen, Isaias xxi. 7, 9. (Menochius) ---

Houghed. Aquila, "destroyed." He rendered them unfit for war, as Josue had don, (Josue xi. 6.) supposing that this was the import of the decree, forbidding many horses to be kept, Deuteronomy xvii. 16. ---

Horses is not expressed in Hebrew, though the Protestants supply the word; as also, for. We should translate literally, "He left out of them 100 chariots;" (Haydock) as we read elsewhere, that Adarezer had 1000. (Menochius) ---

But this expression being unintelligible, no less than, "he houghed all the chariots," as the text stands at present in the original, may lead us to suspect that this verse has been inaccurately printed. Septuagint, "David paralyzed, (or rendered useless) all the chariots; and 100 chariots were reserved for himself out of them." Josephus says the rest of the 1000 chariots were burnt, 5000 horse slain, and 20,000 foot. (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:5 - Men Men. As Adarezer had brought upon himself the arms of David, perhaps by attempting to succour the Moabites, as he afterwards did the children of Amm...

Men. As Adarezer had brought upon himself the arms of David, perhaps by attempting to succour the Moabites, as he afterwards did the children of Ammon; (chap. x.) so the king of Damascus was ruined by coming too late to his assistance. This king may be the Adad mentioned by Nicholaus. (B. 4.) (Salien, the year of the world 2993, the 14th year of David.) See ver. 1 and 3.

Haydock: 2Sa 8:7 - Arms Arms. " Quivers, " Paralipomenon and Syriac. "Bucklers," Hebrew and Chaldean. "Bracelets," Septuagint. (Calmet) --- These bucklers might be for o...

Arms. " Quivers, " Paralipomenon and Syriac. "Bucklers," Hebrew and Chaldean. "Bracelets," Septuagint. (Calmet) ---

These bucklers might be for ornament, like those of Solomon, 3 Kings x. 16. (Salien) ---

They were taken afterwards by Sesac, king of Egypt. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] vii. 6.) (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:8 - Beroth // Brass Beroth, or Boroe. (Calmet) --- Brass. All for the use of the temple, 1 Paralipomenon xviii. 8. The battle seems to have been fought near Beroth....

Beroth, or Boroe. (Calmet) ---

Brass. All for the use of the temple, 1 Paralipomenon xviii. 8. The battle seems to have been fought near Beroth. (Salien)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:9 - Emath Emath, or Emesa. Its king, Thou, being alarmed at the ambition of his neighbour Adarezer, (Calmet) was pleased with the victories of a prince from w...

Emath, or Emesa. Its king, Thou, being alarmed at the ambition of his neighbour Adarezer, (Calmet) was pleased with the victories of a prince from whom he thought he had less to fear, as the lived at a greater distance. (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:10 - Joram // His Joram, called Adoram in Chronicles. (Calmet) --- His, Joram's hand. (Menochius)

Joram, called Adoram in Chronicles. (Calmet) ---

His, Joram's hand. (Menochius)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:11 - Subdued Subdued. This was the custom of most conquerors. But no prince was ever more religious in this respect than David. He had an officer appointed ove...

Subdued. This was the custom of most conquerors. But no prince was ever more religious in this respect than David. He had an officer appointed over the sacred treasure, which contained the presents of Samuel, Saul, &c., 1 Paralipomenon xxvi. 26, 28.

Haydock: 2Sa 8:13 - Name // Syria Name, or triumphal arch. (Rabbins) --- He acquired great fame, chap. xvii. 9., and 1 Machabees v. 57. (Menochius) --- Syria, which is styled Ar...

Name, or triumphal arch. (Rabbins) ---

He acquired great fame, chap. xvii. 9., and 1 Machabees v. 57. (Menochius) ---

Syria, which is styled Aram in Hebrew. The Septuagint have read Edom, or Idumea, as the two names have often been confounded, on account of the similarity of the letters. The following verse seems favourable to this reading, as well as the title of the Psalm lix; and 1 Paralipomenon xviii. 12, says, Abisai....slew of the Edomites, in the valley of the salt-pits, 18,000. It is probable that David was present. This Idumea was on the east of the Dead Sea, and had Bosra for its capital. The salt-pits might be a great plain, about three miles south of Palmyra or Thadmor, which supplies almost all Syria with salt. (Brun.) (Calmet) ---

Othes think that the borders of the most salt lake of Sodom are denoted. (Menochius) See Genesis xiv. 10.

Haydock: 2Sa 8:14 - Guards Guards, or officers to administer justice in his name, after Joab had killed all the males, during six months, 3 Kings xi. 15. (Calmet)

Guards, or officers to administer justice in his name, after Joab had killed all the males, during six months, 3 Kings xi. 15. (Calmet)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:15 - All Israel // People All Israel, not only over Juda. (Menochius) --- All the people who dwelt within the promised land, as far as the Euphrates, were forced to acknowle...

All Israel, not only over Juda. (Menochius) ---

All the people who dwelt within the promised land, as far as the Euphrates, were forced to acknowledge his dominion. (Haydock) ---

People, settling their differences, &c. Kings formerly performed in person, the most important office of rendering justice; whence three kings of Crete are mentioned as judges in the realms below. (Calmet) ---

David acted with wisdom and justice. (Menochius)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:16 - Sarvia // Army // Recorder // A commentariis Sarvia, sister of David, 1 Paralipomenon ii. 16. --- Army. Joab had acquired such influence over it, that his power was formidable even to David....

Sarvia, sister of David, 1 Paralipomenon ii. 16. ---

Army. Joab had acquired such influence over it, that his power was formidable even to David. He was a great warrior, and had contributed more than any other person to establish the throne of his uncle; but he was devoid of justice, and not much unlike Achilles. Jura negat sibi nata, nihil non arrogat armis. (Horace)

(Grotius) ---

Recorder, or chancellor. (Challoner) ---

A commentariis. (Aquila) ---

"Remembrancer," (Haydock) or the person who kept a journal of all memorable transactions. The kings of Persia employed people to keep such journals, 1 Esdras iv. 15., and Esther vi. 1. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] xi. 2.) ---

The power of these writers was very great, Judges v. 14., and 4 Kings xviii. 18. (Calmet) ---

Reference is often made to their "words of days." They had also to present petitions and memorials from the people. (Menochius)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:17 - Achimelech // Scribe Achimelech is also called the father of Abiathar, as these two had both names indiscriminately, 1 Kings xxi. 2. During the contest between the fam...

Achimelech is also called the father of Abiathar, as these two had both names indiscriminately, 1 Kings xxi. 2. During the contest between the families of Saul and of David, two high priests were acknowledged, in their respective dominions. Sadoc was also permitted to officiate at Gabaon, during the reign of David; and, as Abiathar took part against Solomon, he was invested with the whole authority, and thus were accomplished the predictions made to Phinees and to Heli, Numbers xxv. 12., and 1 Kings ii. 35. (Calmet) ---

Yet Salien considers Abiathar as the sole pontiff, from the time that his father was murdered by Saul. Sadoc, in the mean while, was his arch-priest or delegate, at Gabaon; (Haydock) though Abulensis and Josephus acknowledge both as high priests, (1 Paralipomenon xxiv. 3,) officiating by turns. (Menochius) ---

Scribe, or secretary. (Challoner) See Judges v. 14. ---

Septuagint, "counsellor." He is called Susa, in Chronicles. (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Sa 8:18 - The Cerethi and Phelithi // Princes The Cerethi and Phelithi. The king's guards. (Challoner) --- They were Philistines, and had attached themselves to David while he was at Geth, con...

The Cerethi and Phelithi. The king's guards. (Challoner) ---

They were Philistines, and had attached themselves to David while he was at Geth, continuing always faithful to him. We read of them in the Vulgate, under the reign of Joas, 4 Kings xi. 19. David selected some out of all Israel, towards the end of his reign, 1 Paralipomenon xxvii. ---

Princes: literally, priests; (Cohen) so called, by a title of honour, and not for exercising the priestly function. (Challoner) ---

Sanctius translates, they "were like priests." The book of 1 Paralipomenon (xviii. 17,) explains, were chief about the king. Septuagint, "masters of the palace." David kept them near his person, and employed them as he thought proper: Bertram thinks, in embassies, till after the revolt of Absalom, when Ira took their place, chap. xx. 26. (Calmet) ---

Protestants, "David's sons were chief rulers." Chaldean, "grandees;" (Haydock) "ministers." (Grotius) (Du Hamel)

Gill: 2Sa 8:1 - And after this it came to pass // that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them // and David took Methegammah out of the hands of the Philistines And after this it came to pass,.... After David had rest from his enemies for a time, and after the conversation he had had with Nathan about building...

And after this it came to pass,.... After David had rest from his enemies for a time, and after the conversation he had had with Nathan about building the house of God, and after the message sent to him from the Lord by that prophet, forbidding him to build, and David's prayer to the Lord upon it, the following events happened; and which are recorded to show that David's rest from his enemies did not last long, and that he had other work to do than to build the house of God:

that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them; these had been long and implacable enemies of Israel; Samson began to weaken them in his days; a war was waged between them and Israel in the times of Samuel and Saul, and the battle sometimes went on one side and sometimes on the other; but now David made an entire conquest of them: before they had used to come into the land of Israel, and there fight with Israel, but now David entered into their land, and took it from them:

and David took Methegammah out of the hands of the Philistines; the name of a province in Palestine, and from the parallel place in 1Ch 18:1, it appears to be Gath, and its adjacent towns; but why that was called the bridle of Ammah, or the bridle of a cubit, as it may be rendered, is not easy to say. The conjecture of Kimchi is, that there was a pool or river of water, so Ammah is thought to signify; and Aquila renders it a water course, which passed through the city, having been brought from without it into it, the communication of which from place to place it may be David cut off, by stopping or turning its stream; but interpreters more generally suppose that Gath was built upon an hill called Ammah, see 2Sa 2:24; thought to be the same with the Amgaris of Pliny d though that is sometimes read Angaris, a mountain he places in Palestine; and that it was called Metheg, a bridle, because being a frontier city, and being very strong and powerful, erected into a kingdom, it was a curb and bridle upon the Israelites; but now David taking it out of their hands, opened his way for the more easy subduing the rest of their country: or the word may be rendered Metheg and her mother, that is, Gath, the metropolis, since that and her daughters, or towns, are said to be taken, 1Ch 18:1; and Metheg might be one of them.

Gill: 2Sa 8:2 - And he smote Moab // and measured them with a line // casting them down to the ground // even with two lines measured he // to put to death, and with one full line, to keep alive // and so the Moabites became David's servants // and brought gifts And he smote Moab,.... He next went against that, and invaded it, the people of it being always troublesome and distressing to the children of Israel;...

And he smote Moab,.... He next went against that, and invaded it, the people of it being always troublesome and distressing to the children of Israel; and though the king of it had shown some favour to David, yet it was when he considered him as an enemy to Saul, and Saul to him; but things having taken a different turn, his and his people's enmity against David and his people appeared; wherefore he went and fought them, and made them his subjects, whereby was fulfilled the prophecy of Balaam, Num 24:17; as it referred to David:

and measured them with a line: either their country and fields, to distribute among his people, or rather the soldiers he took prisoners; which, as Procopius Gazaeus says, were so numerous that they could not be told, and therefore they were ordered to lie prostrate on the ground, and they were measured with a line, as it follows:

casting them down to the ground; or ordering them to lie down; though some understand this of casting down their cities, towers, and strong holds, and levelling them with the ground:

even with two lines measured he; with one, so it may be supplied, as the Vulgate Latin:

to put to death, and with one full line, to keep alive; that is, in measuring them with his lines, he divided them into two parts, one he put to death, and the other, the full line, which contained the most, he saved alive; though it seems according to our version, and so most understand it, that David slew two thirds, and saved one, and so Josephus e. This must be understood of the army of the Moabites that fell into his hands, so Josephus, who persisted and refused to submit, not of all the inhabitants of the land. The Jews say f, that the reason of this severe treatment of them was because they slew the father, and mother and brethren of David, whom he left to the care and custody of the king of Moab, when he fled from Saul, see 1Sa 22:3; since after that they are heard no more of; though it should rather be imputed to their enmity against the people of Israel. The phrase of "meting out the valley of Succoth" seems to be an allusion to this fact, Psa 60:6, the psalm being written on occasion of the victories here related:

and so the Moabites became David's servants; the inhabitants of the land who were left in it, perhaps that part of the soldiers preserved alive were brought home captives:

and brought gifts; paid a yearly tribute to King David, as they afterwards did to Solomon and to Rehoboam, until the revolt of the ten tribes, and then they paid it unto the kings of Israel, to the times of Ahab, see 2Ki 3:4, though these gifts may be distinct from, and besides the tribute paid, which is supposed in their being servants, see 2Ch 17:11. Thus the Arabians g carried gifts to the king of Persia besides tribute.

Gill: 2Sa 8:3 - And David also smote Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah // as he went to recover his border at the river Euphrates And David also smote Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah,.... Called sometimes Aramzobah, and was a part of Syria, as its name shows. Benjamin, ...

And David also smote Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah,.... Called sometimes Aramzobah, and was a part of Syria, as its name shows. Benjamin, of Tudela h takes it to be the same with Haleb or Aleppo; Josephus i calls it Sophene; but that is placed by Ptolemy k beyond the Euphrates; whereas this country must be between that river and the land of Israel, and was contiguous to it, and near Damascus; and it was so near the land of Israel, and being conquered by David, that it became a controversy with the Jews, whether it was not to be reckoned part of it, and in several things they allow it to be equal to it l. Rehob was the first king of this part of Syria, and then his son the second and last; he is called Hadarezer in 1Ch 18:3; the letters ד "D" and ר "R", being frequently changed in the Hebrew tongue: him David fought with, and overcame:

as he went to recover his border at the river Euphrates; which some understand of Hadadezer, so Jarchi and Kimchi, who attempted to recover part of his dominions that had been taken by some one or another from him, which lay upon the river Euphrates; or he endeavoured to enlarge his dominions, and carry them as far as the river, and establish the borders of them; and while he was doing this, or attempting it, David fell upon him, and routed him; or rather this refers to David, who considering that the ancient border of the land of Israel, as given to Abraham, reached to the river Euphrates, Gen 15:18; he set out on an expedition to recover this border, and whereas the country of this king lay in his way, he invaded that; upon which Hadadezer rose up against him, and was conquered by him, and by this means the border was recovered to the kingdom of Israel, and reached so far, as is plain it did in Solomon's time, 1Ki 4:21.

Gill: 2Sa 8:4 - And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven hundred horsemen // and twenty thousand footmen // and David houghed all the chariot horses // but reserved of them for an hundred chariots And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven hundred horsemen,.... "Chariots" are not in the text here, it is only 1700 "horsemen"; but it ...

And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven hundred horsemen,.... "Chariots" are not in the text here, it is only 1700 "horsemen"; but it is supplied from 1Ch 18:4; where the word is expressly mentioned, and there the horsemen are said to be seven thousand as in the Septuagint version here, and in Josephus m; which may be reconciled by observing, with Kimchi and Abarbinel, that here the chief officers are meant, there all the chariots and horsemen that were under their command are mentioned, which together made up that large number; or else here are meant the ranks and companies of horse David took, which were seven hundred; and these having ten in a company or rank, made seven thousand; and there the complement of soldiers in those companies and ranks are intended:

and twenty thousand footmen; the same as in 1Ch 18:4; and so in Josephus n:

and David houghed all the chariot horses; or hamstrung them, as Joshua was ordered to do with respect to the Canaanites, Jos 11:6; he did not kill them, which might seem cruel and unmerciful to the brute creatures, but hamstrung them, that they might be useless for war; and the reason of it was, that horses might not be multiplied in Israel for that purpose, that so their trust and confidence might not be placed in them; see Deu 17:16,

but reserved of them for an hundred chariots; for his own use, not for war, but for grandeur; which accounts in some measure for the number of chariots and horses Solomon had, 1Ki 4:26; the number of horses reserved is supposed to be four hundred, four horses being used in a chariot, which Jarchi gathers from 2Ch 1:17.

Gill: 2Sa 8:5 - And when the Syrians of Damascus came to succour Hadadezer king of Zobah // David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men And when the Syrians of Damascus came to succour Hadadezer king of Zobah,.... These seem to have had no king at this time, or, if they had, Hadadezer ...

And when the Syrians of Damascus came to succour Hadadezer king of Zobah,.... These seem to have had no king at this time, or, if they had, Hadadezer was their king, which is not improbable; and Nicholas of Damascus o; an Heathen writer, is clear for it, whom he calls Adad, who, he says, reigned over Damascus, and the other Syria without Phoenicia, who made war with David king of Judea, and was routed by him at Euphrates: and he seems to be the first king of Damascus, which he joined to the kingdom of Zobah, and all the kings of Damascus afterwards were called by the same name; though Josephus p, who also speaks of Adad being king of Damascus and of the Syrians, yet makes him different from this Hadadezer, to whose assistance he says he came:

David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men; that is, of the Syrians of Damascus.

Gill: 2Sa 8:6 - Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus // and the Syrians became servants to David, and brought gifts // and the Lord preserved David whithersoever he went Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus,.... Which was Coele-Syria, and lay between Libanus and Antilibanus, the chief city of which was Damascu...

Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus,.... Which was Coele-Syria, and lay between Libanus and Antilibanus, the chief city of which was Damascus; which Curtius q calls Damascus of Syria, being the head of it, Isa 7:8; in the principal places of which he put garrisons of soldiers to keep the country in subjection to him; or he put commanders or governors, as the Targum, in the, chief cities, and so Ben Gersom and R. Isaiah interpret it:

and the Syrians became servants to David, and brought gifts; or paid him tribute by way of homage, acknowledging themselves his subjects:

and the Lord preserved David whithersoever he went; he covered his head in the day of battle, and saved him from the hurtful sword.

Gill: 2Sa 8:7 - And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer // and brought them to Jerusalem And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer,.... That were found with them, which they had in their hands; these must be...

And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer,.... That were found with them, which they had in their hands; these must be supposed to be with the principal officers of his army; or golden chains, as Aquila, or golden bracelets on their arms, as the Septuagint; the Syriac version is "quivers of gold", such as they put arrows into, and so Jarchi and R. Isaiah understand it of such, and refer to Jer 51:11; and so Josephus r:

and brought them to Jerusalem; where they were laid up, and converted to the use of the sanctuary Solomon built; see Son 4:4.

Gill: 2Sa 8:8 - And from Betah, and from Berothai, cities of Hadadezer // King David took exceeding much brass And from Betah, and from Berothai, cities of Hadadezer,.... Which, in 1Ch 18:8, are called Tibhath and Chun, they having different names; or their nam...

And from Betah, and from Berothai, cities of Hadadezer,.... Which, in 1Ch 18:8, are called Tibhath and Chun, they having different names; or their names might be changed upon this conquest of them, and the one might be the names they went by with the Syrians, and the other the Israelites called them by; the latter is the same with Berothah in Eze 47:16; and the Barathena of Ptolemy s, placed by him near Mesopotamia; in the Arabic version of 1Ch 18:8, they are called Emesa and Baalbec, the former was a city of Coele-Syria, the latter was at the foot of Mount Lebanon; See Gill on Amo 1:5,

King David took exceeding much brass; whereby he was furnished and able to give the large quantity he did for the service of the temple, 1Ch 29:7. The Septuagint version adds here what is expressed in 1Ch 18:8,"wherewith Solomon made the brazen sea, and the pillars, and the layers, and all the vessels.''

Gill: 2Sa 8:9 - When Toi king of Hamath // heard that David had smitten all the host of Hadadezer When Toi king of Hamath,.... Which was another small kingdom in Syria, perhaps lately erected to defend themselves against Hadadezer, and this the fir...

When Toi king of Hamath,.... Which was another small kingdom in Syria, perhaps lately erected to defend themselves against Hadadezer, and this the first king of it, at least the first we hear of; his name is Tou in 1Ch 18:9; where in the Targum he is called king of Antioch. Hamath lay to the north of the land of Canaan; See Gill on Num 34:8, it is said t to be three days' journey from Tripoli, and that it stands in the midway to Aleppo, on a very goodly plain, replenished with corn and cotton wool, but very much in ruins, and falls more and more to decay: at this day (says my author, who travelled in those parts in the beginning of the seventeenth century) there is scarce one half of the wall standing, which hath been very fair and strong. The king of this place

heard that David had smitten all the host of Hadadezer; the news of which soon reached him, he being in the neighbourhood.

Gill: 2Sa 8:10 - Then Toi sent Joram his son unto King David // to salute him // and to bless him // because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitten him // for Hadadezer had wars with Toi // and Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold // and vessels of brass Then Toi sent Joram his son unto King David,.... Who is called Hadoram in 1Ch 18:10; though the Syriac and Arabic versions read Joram there: to sal...

Then Toi sent Joram his son unto King David,.... Who is called Hadoram in 1Ch 18:10; though the Syriac and Arabic versions read Joram there:

to salute him: to inquire of his welfare after his fatigue in the battles he had had with the Moabites and Syrians, and to wish him all happiness and prosperity for the future:

and to bless him; to congratulate him on his victory, and to wish him success in all after wars he might be engaged in; and particularly to give him thanks for delivering him from so great an enemy as Hadadezer had been to him, as also to bring a present to him, which is sometimes called a blessing; see Gen 33:11,

because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitten him; that is, David had, which had endeared him to Toi:

for Hadadezer had wars with Toi; was an enemy of his, sought to take his kingdom from him, and had had many battles with him: and though he could not conquer him, he sadly harassed him, being too mighty for him:

and Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold,

and vessels of brass; as a present to David, in gratitude for his deliverance from his enemy by him, and as a token of his homage and subjection to him; at least as a sign that he put himself under his protection, and desired to be his friend and ally. The word "Joram", though not in the Hebrew text, is rightly supplied; for none else can be supposed to bring the present.

Gill: 2Sa 8:11 - Which also King David did dedicate unto the Lord // with the silver and the gold he had dedicated of all nations which he subdued Which also King David did dedicate unto the Lord,.... He devoted it to sacred uses, particularly to the building of the house of the Lord, as he also ...

Which also King David did dedicate unto the Lord,.... He devoted it to sacred uses, particularly to the building of the house of the Lord, as he also had the gold and the brass he took from Hadadezer: together

with the silver and the gold he had dedicated of all nations which he subdued; who are after particularly mentioned; he did not convert the spoils he took to his own use, but observed the law God gave to the kings of Israel, that they should not greatly multiply to themselves silver and gold, Deu 17:17. He set it apart, and laid it up for the service of the sanctuary; and this accounts for the abundance of gold, silver, and brass, which David had amassed together, and left to his son Solomon to build the temple with; see 1Ch 28:1.

Gill: 2Sa 8:12 - Of Syria // and of Moab // and of the children of Ammon // and of the Philistines // and of Amalek // and of the spoil of Hadadezer, son of Rehob, king of Zobah Of Syria,.... Of Syria of Damascus, as distinct from Syriazobah, Hadadezer was king of, after mentioned; this is omitted in 1Ch 18:11, and of Moab:...

Of Syria,.... Of Syria of Damascus, as distinct from Syriazobah, Hadadezer was king of, after mentioned; this is omitted in 1Ch 18:11,

and of Moab: who brought him gifts and presents, and were tributaries to him, 2Sa 8:2,

and of the children of Ammon; who very probably joined the Moabites, and were conquered and spoiled at the same time:

and of the Philistines; when Methegammah was taken from them, 2Sa 8:1,

and of Amalek; for though we have no account of any war of his with that people, since he was king, yet he doubtless had, and had been victorious and spoiled them; see Psa 83:7,

and of the spoil of Hadadezer, son of Rehob, king of Zobah; see 2Sa 8:3. These conquests of David, are confirmed by the testimony of Eupolemus, an Heathen writer, who says that he overcame the Syrians by Euphrates, and the Assyrians in Galadene (or Gilead), and the Phoenicians; that he fought against the Idumeans (or Edomites), the Ammonites, Moabites, Ituraeans, Nabathaeans, and Nabdaeans; also against Syron king of Tyre and Phoenicia; all of whom he obliged to pay tribute to the Jews a.

Gill: 2Sa 8:13 - And David gat him a name // when he returned from smiting of the Syrians in the valley of salt // being eighteen thousand men And David gat him a name,.... Fame and reputation in the several nations of the world for valour and courage, for the many and signal victories that ...

And David gat him a name,.... Fame and reputation in the several nations of the world for valour and courage, for the many and signal victories that he obtained; the Jewish writers generally refer this to his humanity in burying the dead bodies of his enemies slain in war, which gained him great esteem among all, and even his very enemies; but nothing of that kind is pointed at here, but his conquests: or "he made himself a name"; erected a triumphal arch b in memory of his victories:

when he returned from smiting of the Syrians in the valley of salt,

being eighteen thousand men; in the relation of this fact in different places some difficulties arise, both as to the people smitten, and their numbers, and by whom; in this place they are said to be Syrians, but in 1Ch 18:12, and in the title of Psa 60:1, which was composed on account of these victories, they are called Edomites, and said to be of Edom; which may be reconciled by observing, that the Syrians and Edomites were confederates in this war; and that whereas the latter were auxiliaries to the former, the whole body of the army might be called Syrians, of which twenty two thousand were slain that were properly Syrians, and eighteen thousand Edomites, in all forty thousand; which was a very great slaughter: or the sense is, that when he had smitten the twenty two thousand Syrians, and was upon the return, he met with a body of Edomites, who came to the assistance of the Syrians, and he slew eighteen thousand of them; and the Jews say, as Jarchi observes, there were two battles; and if so, this would remove all the difficulties started; as for the numbers slain, here eighteen thousand, and Psa 60:1, twelve thousand, it is reconciled by observing, that Abishai first began the attack upon the Edomites, and slew six thousand of them; and then Joab fell upon them, and slew twelve thousand more, in all eighteen thousand; in 1Ch 18:12, this slaughter is ascribed to Abishai, because he began it, even the whole number; and in Psa 60:1, to Joab, the twelve thousand slain by him, who seconded Abishai; and the whole is here attributed to David, because he was king, under whom Abishai and Joab served as generals: and no less difficult is it to ascertain the place where this slaughter was made, called "the valley of salt": it seems by our text that it was in Syria, but in other places as if it was in Edom; see 2Ki 14:7; but in Edom itself is no such valley to be found, though there is in Syria; one traveller c tells us, that in the way from Aleppo to the banks of Euphrates are many villages, among which is one of note, called Tedith, famous for a synod held here by the Jews, in the year from the creation 3498, of which Ezra was the scribe; when were placed the books of the Old Testament in the order in which they now are; and near this town, he says, is the valley of salt, memorable for the victory here recorded: others say d about three or four hours' journey from Aleppo is the valley of salt, near which is a salt spring, whose waters running over the place leave, when dried by the sun, a great quantity of excellent salt; this salt is thrown together in the Gabboul, or salt house; but by others e we are informed, that near about an hour's distance from the city of Tadmor, see 1Ki 9:18 2Ch 8:3, is to be seen a large valley of salt, affording great quantities thereof; and it is thought that this is more probably the valley of salt mentioned here, than another which lies about four hours from Aleppo, and has sometimes passed for it; and which the above accounts show: but a modern writer f, in his account of Palmyra, the same with Tadmor, speaks of a great plain, all covered with salt, from whence the whole country round is supplied. This plain is about a league from Palmyra, and extends itself towards the eastern part of Idumea (or Edom) the capital city of which was Bozra; and indeed this valley being both in Syria, and reaching to the borders of Edom, bids fair to be the valley here spoken of.

Gill: 2Sa 8:14 - And he put garrisons in Edom // throughout all Edom put he garrisons // and all they of Edom became David's servants // and the Lord preserved David whithersoever he went And he put garrisons in Edom,.... To keep the inhabitants in subjection to him; as their forts and strong holds came into his hands, he placed compani...

And he put garrisons in Edom,.... To keep the inhabitants in subjection to him; as their forts and strong holds came into his hands, he placed companies of soldiers in them for the said purpose; or governors, as the Targum, men of his own nation, into whose hands he put their principal cities, who governed them for him, and under him. Jarchi interprets it of officers appointed to collect the tribute he exacted of them:

throughout all Edom put he garrisons; which is observed to show that the whole country was brought into subjection to him:

and all they of Edom became David's servants; and hereby were fulfilled the oracle delivered to Rebekah, and the prophetic blessing of Isaac, Gen 25:23,

and the Lord preserved David whithersoever he went; See Gill on 2Sa 8:6.

Gill: 2Sa 8:15 - And David reigned over all Israel // and David executed judgment and justice unto all his people And David reigned over all Israel,.... Not only over Judah, but over all the tribes of Israel, and over the whole land of Canaan, as promised to Abrah...

And David reigned over all Israel,.... Not only over Judah, but over all the tribes of Israel, and over the whole land of Canaan, as promised to Abraham, Gen 15:18; reaching to the river Euphrates, as Syria did, now conquered by David:

and David executed judgment and justice unto all his people; when he returned from his wars, he heard and tried all causes impartially, brought before him, and gave sentence according to the law of God, and administered righteous judgment without any respect to persons; all had justice done them that applied unto him, whether high or low, rich or poor; and indeed during his wars he was not negligent of the civil government of his subjects, and the distribution of justice to them by proper officers, in which he was a type of Christ; see Isa 11:5.

Gill: 2Sa 8:16 - And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host // and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host,.... Which was not only owing to his relation to David, being his sister's son, but to his promise that...

And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host,.... Which was not only owing to his relation to David, being his sister's son, but to his promise that whoever smote the Jebusites first should be chief and captain; that is, should have the command of the army under him; this Joab did; and so was entitled to this office, and was put into it, and continued in it, 1Ch 11:6,

and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder; of memorable events, who kept a diary of whatsoever remarkable happened, which were digested into a chronicle, history, or annals; see Est 6:1; so the Targum, he"was appointed over the memorials;''or book of memorials, as Kimchi interprets it; that is, to take care of it, and see that everything worthy of notice was inserted in it; or was "remembrancer" g; one that put the king in mind what was to be done every day, or in certain cases, and so R. Isaiah explains it, the king's counsellor; some take him to be chancellor, as Luther and others h.

Gill: 2Sa 8:17 - And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests // and Seraiah was the scribe And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests,.... Not high priests, as Josephus i suggests, for there was only on...

And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests,.... Not high priests, as Josephus i suggests, for there was only one high priest at a time; indeed there was a "sagan", or deputy priest, on occasion; and so Abarbinel says that Zadok was the high priest, and Ahimelech his second or deputy; but the truth of the case was this, Abiathar was high priest only, and continued so until the time of Solomon, when he was thrust out of his office, and Zadok put into it; and Ahimelech his son and Zadok were the principal priests under him, the one of the family of Ithamar, the other of Eleazar; so the Targum on 1Ch 18:16 calls them "sagans", or deputies of the high priesthood. Zadok is mentioned first, though Ahimelech was the son of the present high priest, because he was in great favour with David, as afterwards with Solomon, in whose days the high priesthood was translated to him; the family of Eli being now upon the decline, and near being removed from the high priesthood, as was foretold by Samuel it should:

and Seraiah was the scribe; or secretary of state; in 1Ch 18:16 he is called Shavsha; he seems to have had two names.

Gill: 2Sa 8:18 - And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and Pelethites // and David's sons were chief rulers // and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and Pelethites // and the sons of David, were princes And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and Pelethites,.... These, according to Josephus k, were the king's bodyguards, and thi...

And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and Pelethites,.... These, according to Josephus k, were the king's bodyguards, and this man is expressly said to be set over his guards, 2Sa 23:22; and which some think were of the nation of the Philistines, famous for archery, and slinging of stones; and so the Targum renders it,"was appointed over the archers and slingers;''so "choriti" in Virgil l are quivers for arrows; the great use of which in fighting David had observed, and therefore got a select company of these men, partly to teach Israel, and partly to guard himself: but others are of opinion that David would never suffer such as were Heathens to be so near his person, and therefore take them to be Israelites; and so some Jewish writers say they were two families in Israel; which is much better than to interpret them as others do of the sanhedrim, and even of the Urim and Thummim, as in the Targum on 1Ch 18:17; See Gill on Zep 2:5; and it is most probable that they were Israelites, who were David's guards, and consisted of the chiefs that were with him in Philistia, and particularly at Ziklag, which lay on the south of the Cherethites, 1Sa 30:14; and so had their name from thence; and among the chief of those that came to him at Ziklag there was one named Peleth, from whence might come the Pelethites, and they were all of them archers; see 1Ch 12:2,

and David's sons were chief rulers; princes, princes of the blood, or "chief about the king", as in 1Ch 18:17; they were constant attendants at court, waiting on the king, ready at hand to do what he pleased to order; they were the chief ministers, and had the management of the principal affairs at court. Abarbinel thinks that this respects not only David's sons, but Benaiah, and the family of the Cherethites and Pelethites, who had none of them particular posts assigned them, which were settled and known, as those before mentioned had, but were always near at hand, to do whatsoever the king commanded them; and which seems better to agree with the literal order and construction of the words; which are:

and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and Pelethites,

and the sons of David, were princes, or chief rulers; or priests, who according to Gussetius m brought the offerings or presents to the king, and did that to him the priests did to the Lord.

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Ayat / Catatan Kaki

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:1 Heb “from the hand [i.e., control] of the Philistines.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:2 Heb “and the Moabites were servants of David, carriers of tribute.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:3 The MT does not have the name “Euphrates” in the text. It is supplied in the margin (Qere) as one of ten places where the Masoretes believ...

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:4 Heb “and David cut the hamstrings of all the chariot horses, and he left from them a hundred chariot horses.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:6 Or “wherever he went.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:7 For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:8 Heb “Betah” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV), but the name should probably be corrected to “Tebah.” See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:8.

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:9 The name is spelled “Tou” in the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:9. NIV adopts the spelling “Tou” here.

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:10 Heb “and in his hand were items of silver and items of gold and items of bronze.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:11 Heb “with the silver and the gold that he had dedicated from.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:12 Heb “and from the plunder of.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:13 The words “he defeated” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:14 The MT is repetitious here: “He placed in Edom garrisons; in all Edom he placed garrisons.” The Vulgate lacks “in all Edom”; m...

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:15 Heb “and David was doing what is just and fair for all his people.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:16 Heb “was over.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:17 Here Ahimelech is called “the son of Abiathar,” but NCV, CEV, and REB reverse this to conform with 1 Sam 22:20. Most recent English versio...

NET Notes: 2Sa 8:18 That David’s sons could have been priests, in light of the fact that they were not of the priestly lineage, is strange. One must assume either (...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 8:1 And after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them: and David took Methegammah out of the ( a ) hand of the Philistine...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 8:2 And he smote Moab, and measured them with a line, casting them down to the ground; even with ( b ) two lines measured he to put to death, and with one...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 8:6 Then David put garrisons in ( c ) Syria of Damascus: and the Syrians became servants to David, ( d ) [and] brought gifts. And the LORD preserved David...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 8:7 And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to ( e ) Jerusalem. ( e ) For the use of the temple.

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 8:10 Then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to ( f ) bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitten him: for Hada...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 8:15 And David reigned over all Israel; and David executed ( g ) judgment and justice unto all his people. ( g ) He gave judgment in controversies, and wa...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 8:18 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada [was over] both the ( h ) Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David's sons were chief rulers. ( h ) The Cherethites a...

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Rentang Ayat

MHCC: 2Sa 8:1-8 - --David subdued the Philistines. They had long been troublesome to Israel. And after the long and frequent struggles the saints have with the powers of ...

MHCC: 2Sa 8:9-14 - --All the precious things David was master of, were dedicated things; they were designed for building the temple. The idols of gold David destroyed, 2Sa...

MHCC: 2Sa 8:15-18 - --David neither did wrong, nor denied or delayed right to any. This speaks his close application to business; also his readiness to admit all addresses ...

Matthew Henry: 2Sa 8:1-8 - -- God had given David rest from all his enemies that opposed him and made head against him; and he having made a good use of that rest, has now commis...

Matthew Henry: 2Sa 8:9-14 - -- Here is, 1. The court made to David by the king of Hamath, who, it seems was at this time at war with the king of Zobah. He hearing of David's succe...

Matthew Henry: 2Sa 8:15-18 - -- David was not so engaged in his wars abroad as to neglect the administration of the government at home. I. His care extended itself to all the parts...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:1 - -- Subjugation of the Philistines. - In the introductory formula, "And it came to pass afterwards," the expression "afterwards" cannot refer speciall...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:2 - -- Subjugation of Moab. - "He smote Moab (i.e., the Moabites), and measured them with the line, making them lie down upon the ground, and measured tw...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:3-4 - -- Conquest and Subjugation of the King of Zobah, and of the Damascene Syrians. - 2Sa 8:3. The situation of Zobah cannot be determined. The view held ...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:5-6 - -- After destroying the main force of Hadadezer, David turned against his ally, against Aram-Damascus , i.e., the Aramaeans, whose capital was Damascu...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:7 - -- Of the booty taken in these wars, David carried the golden shields which he took from the servants, i.e., the governors and vassal princes, of Hadad...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:8 - -- And from the cities of Betach and Berothai David took very much brass, with which, according to 1Ch 18:8, Solomon made the brazen sea, and the bra...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:9-10 - -- After the defeat of the king of Zobah and his allies, Toi king of Hamath sought for David's friendship, sending his son to salute him, and conveying...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:11-12 - -- David also sanctified Toi's presents to the Lord (handed them over to the treasury of the sanctuary), together with the silver and gold which he had...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:13-15 - -- "And David made (himself) a name, when he returned from smiting (i.e., from the defeat of) Aram, (and smote Edom) in the valley of Salt, eighteen th...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:16 - -- The chief ministers were the following: - Joab (see at 2Sa 2:18) was "over the army,"i.e., commander-in-chief. Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, of who...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:17 - -- Zadok the son of Ahitub, of the line of Eleazar (1Ch 6:8; 1Ch 6:11-12), and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were cohanim, i.e., officiating high prie...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 8:18 - -- Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, a very brave hero of Kabzeel (see at 2Sa 23:20.), was over the Crethi and Plethi . Instead of והכּרתי , which...

Constable: 2Sa 1:1--8:18 - --V. DAVID'S TRIUMPHS chs. 1--8 The first 20 chapters of 2 Samuel are divisible into four uni...

Constable: 2Sa 5:17--9:1 - --C. The Establishment of the Kingdom 5:17-8:18 "As the story of David's accession to kingship over Judah ...

Constable: 2Sa 8:1-18 - --4. The security of David's kingdom ch. 8 "From the religious heights of chapter 7 we descend aga...

Guzik: 2Sa 8:1-18 - The Wars of David 2 Samuel 8 - The Wars of David A. David's many wars. 1. (1) David subdues the Philistines. After this it came to pass that David attacked the Phil...

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Pendahuluan / Garis Besar

JFB: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) THE FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF SAMUEL. The two were, by the ancient Jews, conjoined so as to make one book, and in that form could be called the Book o...

JFB: 2 Samuel (Garis Besar) AN AMALEKITE BRINGS TIDINGS OF SAUL'S DEATH. (2Sa. 1:1-16) DAVID LAMENTS SAUL AND JONATHAN. (2Sa 1:17-27) DAVID, BY GOD'S DIRECTION, GOES UP TO HEBRO...

TSK: 2 Samuel 8 (Pendahuluan Pasal) Overview 2Sa 8:1, David subdues the Philistines and the Moabites; 2Sa 8:3, He smites Hadadezer, and the Syrians; 2Sa 8:9, Toi sends Joram with pre...

Poole: 2 Samuel 8 (Pendahuluan Pasal) SAMUEL CHAPTER 8 David subdueth the Philistines and the Moabites; smiteth the king of Zobah, and the Syrians; placeth a garrison in Damascus, 2Sa 8...

MHCC: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) This book is the history of the reign of king David. It relates his victories, the growth of the prosperity of Israel, and his reformation of the stat...

MHCC: 2 Samuel 8 (Pendahuluan Pasal) (2Sa 8:1-8) David subdues the Philistines, the Moabites, and the Syrians. (2Sa 8:9-14) The spoil dedicated. (2Sa 8:15-18) David's government and off...

Matthew Henry: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Second Book of Samuel This book is the history of the reign of king David. We had in the foregoing ...

Matthew Henry: 2 Samuel 8 (Pendahuluan Pasal) David having sought first the kingdom of God and the righteousness thereof, settling the ark as soon as he was himself well settled, we are here to...

Constable: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) Introduction Second Samuel continues the history begun in 1 Samuel. Please see my comments regarding 2 Samuel's title, d...

Constable: 2 Samuel (Garis Besar) Outline (Continued from notes on 1 Samuel) V. David's triumphs chs. 1-8 ...

Constable: 2 Samuel 2 Samuel Bibliography Achtemeier, Paul J., and Elizabeth Achtemeier. The Old Testament Roots of Our Faith. Phil...

Haydock: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) THE SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL; otherwise called, THE SECOND BOOK OF KINGS. INTRODUCTION. This Book contains the transactions of David till the end ...

Gill: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) INTRODUCTION TO 2 SAMUEL This book, in many copies of the Hebrew Bible, is carried on without any new title put unto it; the reason of it is, becau...

Gill: 2 Samuel 8 (Pendahuluan Pasal) INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL 8 This chapter gives a relation of the wars of David with his enemies, and his victories over them, particularly the ...

Advanced Commentary (Kamus, Lagu-Lagu Himne, Gambar, Ilustrasi Khotbah, Pertanyaan-Pertanyaan, dll)


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