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Teks -- 2 Samuel 1:1-27 (NET)

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Konteks
David Learns of the Deaths of Saul and Jonathan
1:1 After the death of Saul, when David had returned from defeating the Amalekites, he stayed at Ziklag for two days. 1:2 On the third day a man arrived from the camp of Saul with his clothes torn and dirt on his head. When he approached David, the man threw himself to the ground. 1:3 David asked him, “Where are you coming from?” He replied, “I have escaped from the camp of Israel.” 1:4 David inquired, “How were things going? Tell me!” He replied, “The people fled from the battle and many of them fell dead. Even Saul and his son Jonathan are dead!” 1:5 David said to the young man who was telling him this, “How do you know that Saul and his son Jonathan are dead?” 1:6 The young man who was telling him this said, “I just happened to be on Mount Gilboa and came across Saul leaning on his spear for support. The chariots and leaders of the horsemen were in hot pursuit of him. 1:7 When he turned around and saw me, he called out to me. I answered, ‘Here I am!’ 1:8 He asked me, ‘Who are you?’ I told him, ‘I’m an Amalekite.’ 1:9 He said to me, ‘Stand over me and finish me off! I’m very dizzy, even though I’m still alive.’ 1:10 So I stood over him and put him to death, since I knew that he couldn’t live in such a condition. Then I took the crown which was on his head and the bracelet which was on his arm. I have brought them here to my lord.” 1:11 David then grabbed his own clothes and tore them, as did all the men who were with him. 1:12 They lamented and wept and fasted until evening because Saul, his son Jonathan, the Lord’s people, and the house of Israel had fallen by the sword. 1:13 David said to the young man who told this to him, “Where are you from?” He replied, “I am an Amalekite, the son of a resident foreigner.” 1:14 David replied to him, “How is it that you were not afraid to reach out your hand to destroy the Lord’s anointed?” 1:15 Then David called one of the soldiers and said, “Come here and strike him down!” So he struck him down, and he died. 1:16 David said to him, “Your blood be on your own head! Your own mouth has testified against you, saying ‘I have put the Lord’s anointed to death.’”
David’s Tribute to Saul and Jonathan
1:17 Then David chanted this lament over Saul and his son Jonathan. 1:18 (He gave instructions that the people of Judah should be taught “The Bow.” Indeed, it is written down in the Book of Yashar.) 1:19 The beauty of Israel lies slain on your high places! How the mighty have fallen! 1:20 Don’t report it in Gath, don’t spread the news in the streets of Ashkelon, or the daughters of the Philistines will rejoice, the daughters of the uncircumcised will celebrate! 1:21 O mountains of Gilboa, may there be no dew or rain on you, nor fields of grain offerings! For it was there that the shield of warriors was defiled; the shield of Saul lies neglected without oil. 1:22 From the blood of the slain, from the fat of warriors, the bow of Jonathan was not turned away. The sword of Saul never returned empty. 1:23 Saul and Jonathan were greatly loved during their lives, and not even in their deaths were they separated. They were swifter than eagles, stronger than lions. 1:24 O daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet as well as jewelry, who put gold jewelry on your clothes. 1:25 How the warriors have fallen in the midst of battle! Jonathan lies slain on your high places! 1:26 I grieve over you, my brother Jonathan! You were very dear to me. Your love was more special to me than the love of women. 1:27 How the warriors have fallen! The weapons of war are destroyed!
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Nama Orang, Nama Tempat, Topik/Tema Kamus

Nama Orang dan Nama Tempat:
 · Amalekite members of the nation of Amalek
 · Amalekites members of the nation of Amalek
 · Ashkelon a town of the Philistines between Ashdod and Gaza (OS)
 · David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel
 · Gath a town of the Anakim and Philistines in Judah 12 km south. of Ekron
 · Gilboa a mountain or plateau between Jezreel and the Jordan River (OS)
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jashar a book of songs with short historical introductions (IBD)
 · Jonathan a man who was a descendant of Gershom son of Moses,son of Saul of Benjamin,son of the high priest Abiathar in David's time,the son of Shime-i, David's brother,son of Shammah/Shagee; one of David's military elite,son of Jada of Judah,son of Uzziah; overseer of the country treasuries for King David,a man who was uncle and counselor of King David,father of Ebed who accompanied Ezra leading the clan of Adin back from exile,a man who opposed Ezra's reforms; son of Asahel,a chief priest; son of Joiada,priest and head of the house of Malluchi under High Priest Joiakim in the time of Nehemiah,son of Shemaiah of Asaph of Levi; father of Zechariah,a man who was secretary and dungeon keeper for King Zedekiah; son of Kareah
 · Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall
 · Philistines a sea people coming from Crete in 1200BC to the coast of Canaan
 · Saul the sixth king of Edom,son of Simeon and a Canaanite woman,son of Uzziah of Kohath son of Levi
 · Ziklag a town in SE Judah; home of the Shime-i Clan of Simeon


Topik/Tema Kamus: David | Saul | SAMUEL, BOOKS OF | Lamentations, Book of | Jonathan | GILBOA | Ziklag | Poetry | AMALEK; AMALEKITE | Mourning | Lamentation | PSALMS, BOOK OF | Friendship | Jasher | Song | Forgiveness | Government | HOW | JONATHAN (2) | YOUNG; MEN, YOUNG WOMEN | selebihnya
Daftar Isi

Catatan Kata/Frasa
Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Defender , TSK

Catatan Kata/Frasa
Poole , Haydock , Gill

Catatan Ayat / Catatan Kaki
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Catatan Rentang Ayat
MHCC , Matthew Henry , Keil-Delitzsch , Constable , Guzik

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Wesley: 2Sa 1:1 - Ziklag Which though burnt, yet was not so consumed by the fire, that David and his men could not lodge in it.

Which though burnt, yet was not so consumed by the fire, that David and his men could not lodge in it.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:2 - Third day From David's return to Ziklag.

From David's return to Ziklag.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:2 - With his clothes rent, &c. As a mourner.

As a mourner.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:18 - Judah These he more particularly teacheth, because they were the chief, and now the royal tribe, and likely to be the great bulwark to all Israel against th...

These he more particularly teacheth, because they were the chief, and now the royal tribe, and likely to be the great bulwark to all Israel against the Philistines, upon whose land they bordered; and withal, to be the most true to him, and to his interest.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:18 - The bow That is, of their arms, expressed, under the name of the bow, which then was one of the chief weapons; and for the dextrous use whereof Jonathan is co...

That is, of their arms, expressed, under the name of the bow, which then was one of the chief weapons; and for the dextrous use whereof Jonathan is commended in the following song: which may be one reason, why he now gives forth this order, that so they might strive to imitate Jonathan in military skill, and to excel in it, as he did.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:18 - Jasher It is more largely and particularly described in the book of Jasher.

It is more largely and particularly described in the book of Jasher.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:19 - Beauty Their flower and glory. Saul and Jonathan, and their army.

Their flower and glory. Saul and Jonathan, and their army.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:19 - High places Heb. upon thy high places; that is, those which belong to thee, O land of Israel.

Heb. upon thy high places; that is, those which belong to thee, O land of Israel.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:19 - How How strangely! How suddenly! How universally!

How strangely! How suddenly! How universally!

Wesley: 2Sa 1:20 - Tell it not This is not a precept, but a poetical wish; whereby he doth not so much desire, that this might not be done, which he knew to be impossible; as, expre...

This is not a precept, but a poetical wish; whereby he doth not so much desire, that this might not be done, which he knew to be impossible; as, express his great sorrow, because it would be done, to the dishonour of God, and of his people.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:20 - The daughters He mentions these, because it was the custom of women in those times and places to celebrate those victories which their men obtained, with triumphant...

He mentions these, because it was the custom of women in those times and places to celebrate those victories which their men obtained, with triumphant songs and dances.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:21 - Let there be, &c. _This is no proper imprecation; but a passionate representation of the horror which he conceived at this publick loss; which was such, as if he though...

_This is no proper imprecation; but a passionate representation of the horror which he conceived at this publick loss; which was such, as if he thought every person or thing which contributed to it, were fit to bear the tokens of divine displeasure, such as this is, when the earth wants the necessary influences of dew and rain.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:21 - Fields of offerings That is, fruitful fields, which may produce fair and goodly fruits fit to be offered to God.

That is, fruitful fields, which may produce fair and goodly fruits fit to be offered to God.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:21 - Vilely Dishonourably: for it was a great reproach to any soldier, to cast away or lose his shield.

Dishonourably: for it was a great reproach to any soldier, to cast away or lose his shield.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:21 - Cast away By themselves, that they might flee more swiftly as the Israelites did, and Saul with the rest.

By themselves, that they might flee more swiftly as the Israelites did, and Saul with the rest.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:21 - As though, &c. As if he had been no more, than a common soldier: he was exposed to the same kind of death and reproach as they were.

As if he had been no more, than a common soldier: he was exposed to the same kind of death and reproach as they were.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:22 - Not back Without effect: their arrows shot from their bow, and their swords did seldom miss, and commonly pierced fat, and flesh, and blood, and reached even t...

Without effect: their arrows shot from their bow, and their swords did seldom miss, and commonly pierced fat, and flesh, and blood, and reached even to the heart and bowels.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:22 - Returned not, &c. But filled and glutted with blood: for the sword is metaphorically said to have a mouth, which we translate an edge; and to devour. And this their for...

But filled and glutted with blood: for the sword is metaphorically said to have a mouth, which we translate an edge; and to devour. And this their former successfulness is mentioned as an aggravation of their last infelicity.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:23 - Lovely Amiable, and obliging in their carriage and conversation, both towards one another, and towards their people: for, as for Saul's fierce behaviour towa...

Amiable, and obliging in their carriage and conversation, both towards one another, and towards their people: for, as for Saul's fierce behaviour towards Jonathan, it was only a sudden passion, by which his ordinary temper was not to be measured; and for his carriage towards David, that was from that jealousy and reason of state which usually engageth even well - natured princes, to the same hostilities. But it is observable, that David speaks not a word here of his piety; but only commends him for those things which were truly in him. A fit pattern for all preachers in their funeral commendations.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:23 - Swifter, &c. Expeditious in pursuing their enemies, and executing their designs; which is a great commendation in a prince, and in a soldier.

Expeditious in pursuing their enemies, and executing their designs; which is a great commendation in a prince, and in a soldier.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:23 - Stronger, &c. In regard of their bodily strength, and the courage of their mind.

In regard of their bodily strength, and the courage of their mind.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:24 - Daughters These he mentions; because the women then used to make songs both of triumph, and of lamentation, and, because they usually are most delighted with th...

These he mentions; because the women then used to make songs both of triumph, and of lamentation, and, because they usually are most delighted with the ornaments of the body here following.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:24 - Clothed you This he did, because he procured them so much peace as gave them opportunity of enriching themselves: and, because he took these things as spoils from...

This he did, because he procured them so much peace as gave them opportunity of enriching themselves: and, because he took these things as spoils from the enemies, and clothed his own people with them.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:25 - Thine Which were in thy country, and (had not thy father disinherited thee by his sins) in thy dominions.

Which were in thy country, and (had not thy father disinherited thee by his sins) in thy dominions.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:26 - Distressed That is, for the loss of thee. For, besides the loss of a true friend, which is inestimable; he lost him who both could, and undoubtedly would have gi...

That is, for the loss of thee. For, besides the loss of a true friend, which is inestimable; he lost him who both could, and undoubtedly would have given him a speedy, and quiet, and sure possession of the kingdom, whereas now, he met with long and troublesome interruptions.

Wesley: 2Sa 1:26 - Of women That is, that love wherewith they love their husbands, or children for their affections are usually more ardent than mens.

That is, that love wherewith they love their husbands, or children for their affections are usually more ardent than mens.

JFB: 2Sa 1:1 - David had abode two days in Ziklag Though greatly reduced by the Amalekite incendiaries, that town was not so completely sacked and destroyed, but David and his six hundred followers, w...

Though greatly reduced by the Amalekite incendiaries, that town was not so completely sacked and destroyed, but David and his six hundred followers, with their families, could still find some accommodation.|| 08025||1||11||0||@a man came out of the camp from Saul==--As the narrative of Saul's death, given in the last chapter, is inspired, it must be considered the true account, and the Amalekite's story a fiction of his own, invented to ingratiate himself with David, the presumptive successor to the throne. David's question, "How went the matter?" evinces the deep interest he took in the war, an interest that sprang from feelings of high and generous patriotism, not from views of ambition. The Amalekite, however, judging him to be actuated by a selfish principle, fabricated a story improbable and inconsistent, which he thought would procure him a reward. Having probably witnessed the suicidal act of Saul, he thought of turning it to his own account, and suffered the penalty of his grievously mistaken calculation (compare 2Sa 1:9 with 1Sa 31:4-5).

JFB: 2Sa 1:10 - the crown A small metallic cap or wreath, which encircled the temples, serving the purpose of a helmet, with a very small horn projecting in front, as the emble...

A small metallic cap or wreath, which encircled the temples, serving the purpose of a helmet, with a very small horn projecting in front, as the emblem of power.

JFB: 2Sa 1:10 - the bracelet that was on his arm The armlet worn above the elbow; an ancient mark of royal dignity. It is still worn by kings in some Eastern countries.

The armlet worn above the elbow; an ancient mark of royal dignity. It is still worn by kings in some Eastern countries.

JFB: 2Sa 1:13-15 - David said unto the young man . . . Whence art thou? The man had at the outset stated who he was. But the question was now formally and judicially put. The punishment inflicted on the Amalekite may seem ...

The man had at the outset stated who he was. But the question was now formally and judicially put. The punishment inflicted on the Amalekite may seem too severe, but the respect paid to kings in the West must not be regarded as the standard for that which the East may think due to royal station. David's reverence for Saul, as the Lord's anointed, was in his mind a principle on which he had faithfully acted on several occasions of great temptation. In present circumstances it was especially important that his principle should be publicly known; and to free himself from the imputation of being in any way accessory to the execrable crime of regicide was the part of a righteous judge, no less than of a good politician.

JFB: 2Sa 1:17-18 - David lamented with this lamentation It has always been customary for Eastern people, on the death of great kings and warriors, to celebrate their qualities and deeds in funeral songs. Th...

It has always been customary for Eastern people, on the death of great kings and warriors, to celebrate their qualities and deeds in funeral songs. This inimitable pathetic elegy is supposed by many writers to have become a national war song, and to have been taught to the young Israelites under the name of "The Bow," in conformity with the practice of Hebrew and many classical writers in giving titles to their songs from the principal theme (Psa 22:1; Psa 56:1; Psa 60:1; Psa 80:1; Psa 100:1). Although the words "the use of" are a supplement by our translators, they may be rightly introduced, for the natural sense of this parenthetical verse is, that David took immediate measures for instructing the people in the knowledge and practice of archery, their great inferiority to the enemy in this military arm having been the main cause of the late national disaster.

JFB: 2Sa 1:19 - The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places Literally, "the gazelle" or "antelope of Israel." In Eastern countries, that animal is the chosen type of beauty and symmetrical elegance of form.

Literally, "the gazelle" or "antelope of Israel." In Eastern countries, that animal is the chosen type of beauty and symmetrical elegance of form.

JFB: 2Sa 1:19 - how are the mighty fallen! This forms the chorus.

This forms the chorus.

JFB: 2Sa 1:21 - let there be no dew, neither let there be rain To be deprived of the genial atmospheric influences which, in those anciently cultivated hills, seem to have reared plenty of first-fruits in the corn...

To be deprived of the genial atmospheric influences which, in those anciently cultivated hills, seem to have reared plenty of first-fruits in the corn harvests, was specified as the greatest calamity the lacerated feelings of the poet could imagine. The curse seems still to lie upon them; for the mountains of Gilboa are naked and sterile.

JFB: 2Sa 1:21 - the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away To cast away the shield was counted a national disgrace. Yet, on that fatal battle of Gilboa, many of the Jewish soldiers, who had displayed unflinchi...

To cast away the shield was counted a national disgrace. Yet, on that fatal battle of Gilboa, many of the Jewish soldiers, who had displayed unflinching valor in former battles, forgetful of their own reputation and their country's honor, threw away their shields and fled from the field. This dishonorable and cowardly conduct is alluded to with exquisitely touching pathos.

JFB: 2Sa 1:24-27 - Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights, &c. The fondness for dress, which anciently distinguished Oriental women, is their characteristic still. It appears in their love of bright, gay, and dive...

The fondness for dress, which anciently distinguished Oriental women, is their characteristic still. It appears in their love of bright, gay, and divers colors, in profuse display of ornaments, and in various other forms. The inmost depths of the poet's feeling are stirred, and his amiable disposition appears in the strong desire to celebrate the good qualities of Saul, as well as Jonathan. But the praises of the latter form the burden of the poem, which begins and ends with that excellent prince.

Clarke: 2Sa 1:2 - A man came out of the camp A man came out of the camp - The whole account which this young man gives is a fabrication: in many of the particulars it is grossly self-contradict...

A man came out of the camp - The whole account which this young man gives is a fabrication: in many of the particulars it is grossly self-contradictory. There is no fact in the case but the bringing of the crown, or diadem, and bracelets of Saul; which, as he appears to have been a plunderer of the slain, he found on the field of battle; and he brought them to David, and told the lie of having despatched Saul, merely to ingratiate himself with David.

Clarke: 2Sa 1:8 - I am an Amalekite I am an Amalekite - Dr. Delaney remarks that an Amalekite took that crown from off the head of Saul, which he had forfeited by his disobedience in t...

I am an Amalekite - Dr. Delaney remarks that an Amalekite took that crown from off the head of Saul, which he had forfeited by his disobedience in the case of Amalek.

Clarke: 2Sa 1:10 - The crown - and the bracelet The crown - and the bracelet - The crown was probably no more than a royal fillet or diadem, both being the ensigns of royalty. It is sometimes cust...

The crown - and the bracelet - The crown was probably no more than a royal fillet or diadem, both being the ensigns of royalty. It is sometimes customary in the East for a sovereign prince to give a crown and bracelets, when investing others with dominion or authority over certain provinces. Had Saul these in token of his being God’ s vicegerent, and that he held the kingdom from him alone?

Clarke: 2Sa 1:16 - Thy blood be upon thy head Thy blood be upon thy head - If he killed Saul, as he said he did, then he deserved death; at that time it was not known to the contrary, and this m...

Thy blood be upon thy head - If he killed Saul, as he said he did, then he deserved death; at that time it was not known to the contrary, and this man was executed on his own confession.

Clarke: 2Sa 1:17 - David lamented David lamented - See this lamentation, and the notes on it at the end of this chapter, 2Sa 1:21 (note).

David lamented - See this lamentation, and the notes on it at the end of this chapter, 2Sa 1:21 (note).

Clarke: 2Sa 1:18 - The use of the bow The use of the bow - The use of is not in the Hebrew; it is simply the bow, that is, a song thus entitled. See the observations at the end, 2Sa 1:21...

The use of the bow - The use of is not in the Hebrew; it is simply the bow, that is, a song thus entitled. See the observations at the end, 2Sa 1:21 (note).

Clarke: 2Sa 1:21 - As though he had not been As though he had not been - In stead of בלי beli , Not, I read כלי keley , Instruments

As though he had not been - In stead of בלי beli , Not, I read כלי keley , Instruments

Clarke: 2Sa 1:21 - Anointed with oil Anointed with oil - See the observations at the end 2Sa 1:18, etc.: He bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow, קשת kasheth T...

Anointed with oil - See the observations at the end

2Sa 1:18, etc.: He bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow, קשת kasheth

The word kasheth is to be understood of the title of the song which immediately follows, and not of the use of the bow, as our translation intimates

Many of David’ s Psalms have titles prefixed to them; some are termed Shosannim, some Maschil, Nehiloth, Neginoth, etc., and this one here, Kadesh or The Bow, because it was occasioned by the Philistine archers. 1Sa 31:3 : "And the archers hit him.

But especially respecting the bow of Jonathan, "which returned not back from the blood of the slain,"as the song itself expresses. And David could not but remember the bow of Jonathan, out of which "the arrow was shot beyond the lad,"1Sa 20:36. It was the time when that covenant was made, and that affection expressed between them "which was greater than the love of women.

On these accounts the song was entitled Kasheth, or The song of the Bow, and David commanded the chief musicians, Ethan, Heman, and Jeduthun, to teach the children of Judah to sing it

"It is written in the book of Jasher."Sept., επι βιβλιου του ευθους, "in the book of the upright.

ספרא דאוריתא siphra deoraitha , "The book of the Law."- Jonathan

The Arabic says, "Behold it is written in the book of Ashee; this is the book of Samuel;"the interpretation of which is, "book of songs or canticles.

This lamentation is justly admired as a picture of distress the most tender and the most striking; unequally divided by grief into longer and shorter breaks, as nature could pour them forth from a mind interrupted by the alternate recurrence of the most lively images of love and greatness

His reverence for Saul and his love for Jonathan have their strongest colourings; but their greatness and bravery come full upon him, and are expressed with peculiar energy

Being himself a warrior, it is in that character he sees their greatest excellence; and though his imagination hurries from one point of recollection to another, yet we hear him - at first, at last, everywhere - lamenting, How are the mighty fallen

It is almost impossible to read the noble original without finding every word swollen with a sigh or broken with a sob. A heart pregnant with distress, and striving to utter expressions descriptive of its feelings, which are repeatedly interrupted by an excess of grief, is most sensibly painted throughout the whole. Even an English reader may be convinced of this, from the following specimen in European characters: -

19. Hatstsebi Yishrael al bamotheycha chalal ; Eych naphelu gibborim

20. Al taggidu begath , Al tebasseru bechutsoth Ashkelon ; Pen tismachnah benoth Pelishtim , Pen taalozenah benoth haarelim

21. Harey baggilboa al tal , Veal matar aleychem usedey terumoth ; Ki sham nigal magen Gibborim . Magen Shaul keley Mashiach bashshamen

22. Middam chalalim , mecheleb gibborim , Kesheth Yehonathan lo nashog achor ; Vechereb Shaul lo thashub reykam

23. Shaul Vihonathan , Hannee habim vehanneimim bechaiyeyhem , Ubemotham lo niphradu . Minnesharim kallu , mearayoth gaberu

24. Benoth Yishrael el Shaul becheynah ; Hammalbishchem shani im adanim , Hammaaleh adi zahab al lebushechen

25. Eych naphelu gibborim bethoch hammilchamah ! Yehonathan al bamotheycha chalal

26. Tsar li aleycha achi Yehonathan , naamta li meod Niphleathah ahabathecha li meahabath nashim

27. Eych naphelu gibborim , Vaiyobedu keley milchamah

The three last verses in this sublime lamentation have sense and sound so connected as to strike every reader

Dr. Kennicott, from whom I have taken several of the preceding remarks, gives a fine Latin version of this song, which I here subjoin: -

O decus Israelis, super excelsa tua Miles

Quomodo ceciderunt Fortes

Nolite indicare in Gatho

Nolite indicare in plateis Ascalonis

Ne laetentur filiae Philistaeorum

Ne exultent filiae incircumcisorum

Montes Gilboani super vo

Nec ros, nec pluvia, neque agri primitiarum

Ibi enim abjectus fuit clypeus fortium

Clypeus Saulis, arma inuncti olec

Sine sanguine Militum

Sine adipe Fortium

Arcus Jonathanis non retrocesserat

Gladiusque Saulis non redierat incassum

Saul et Jonatha

Amabiles erant et jucundi in vitis suis

Et in morte sua non separati

Prae aquilis veloces

Prae leonibus fortes

Filiae Israelis deflete Saulem

Qui coccino cum deliciis vos vestivit

Qui vestibus vestris ornamenta imposuit aurea

Quomodo ceciderunt Fortes, in medio belli

O Jonathan, super excelsa tua Miles

Versor in angustiis, tui causa, Frater mi, Jonathan

Mihi fuisti admodum jucundus

Mihi tuus amor admodum mirabilis

Mulierum exuperans amorem

Quomodo ceciderunt fortes

Et perierunt arma belli

Dissertation I., p. 122

In 2Sa 1:21 I have inserted כלי keley for בלי beli . Dr. Delaney rightly observes that the particle בלי beli is not used in any part of the Bible in the sense of quasi non , as though not, in which sense it must be used here if it be retained as a genuine reading: The shield of Saul as though it had not been anointed with oil

In a MS. written about the year 1200, numbered 30 in Kennicott’ s Bible, כלי keley is found; and also in the first edition of the whole Hebrew Bible, printed Soncini 1488. Neither the Syriac nor Arabic versions, nor the Chaldee paraphrase, acknowledge the negative particle בלי beli , which they would have done had it been in the copies from which they translated. It was easy to make the mistake, as there is such a similarity between ב beth and כ caph ; the line therefore should be read thus: The shield of Saul, weapons anointed with oil

In 2Sa 1:22 נשוג nashog , to obtain, attain, seems to have been written for נסוג nasog , to recede, return. The former destroys the sense, the latter, which our translation has followed, and which is supported by the authority of 30 MSS., makes it not only intelligible but beautiful

In 2Sa 1:19, 2Sa 1:22, and 2Sa 1:25, חלל and חללים chalal and chalalim occur, which we translate the Slain, but which Dr. Kennicott, I think from good authority, renders soldier and soldiers; and thus the version is made more consistent and beautiful

חלל chalal signifies to bore or pierce through; and this epithet might be well given to a soldier, q.d., the Piercer, because his business is to transfix or pierce his enemies with sword, spear, and arrows

If it be translated soldiers in the several places of the Old Testament, where we translate it Slain or Wounded, the sense will be much mended; see Jdg 20:31, Jdg 20:39; Psa 89:11; Pro 7:26; Jer 51:4, Jer 51:47, Jer 51:49; Eze 11:6, Eze 11:7; Eze 21:14. In several others it retains its radical signification of piercing, wounding, etc

After these general observations I leave the particular beauties of this inimitable song to be sought out by the intelligent reader. Much has been written upon this, which cannot, consistently with the plan of these notes, be admitted here. See Delaney, Kennicott, Lowth, etc.; and, above all, let the reader examine the Hebrew text.

Defender: 2Sa 1:14 - to destroy See note on 1Sa 31:6 for insight on the apparent conflict with 1Sa 31:4, as to whether Saul was slain near his armor bearer or by the Amalekite."

See note on 1Sa 31:6 for insight on the apparent conflict with 1Sa 31:4, as to whether Saul was slain near his armor bearer or by the Amalekite."

Defender: 2Sa 1:18 - book of Jasher The book of Jasher is also referenced in support of the amazing long day of Joshua (Jos 10:13). This book was considered lost for many centuries, but ...

The book of Jasher is also referenced in support of the amazing long day of Joshua (Jos 10:13). This book was considered lost for many centuries, but a fascinating volume purporting to be the lost book of Jasher surfaced in modern times, and it does contain the two passages noted in the Bible. Its authenticity is very doubtful, but when and how it was written are unknown."

TSK: 2Sa 1:1 - when David // Ziklag when David : 1Sa 30:17-26 Ziklag : 1Sa 27:6

when David : 1Sa 30:17-26

Ziklag : 1Sa 27:6

TSK: 2Sa 1:2 - the third // a man // clothes // and earth // he fell 1Sa 4:12 the third : Gen 22:4; Est 4:16, Est 5:1; Hos 6:2; Mat 12:40, Mat 16:21 a man : 2Sa 4:10 clothes : Gen 37:29, Gen 37:34; Jos 7:6; 1Sa 4:12, 1S...

TSK: 2Sa 1:3 - From // am I From : 2Ki 5:25 am I : Job 1:15-19

From : 2Ki 5:25

am I : Job 1:15-19

TSK: 2Sa 1:4 - How went // the people How went : Heb. What was, etc. 1Sa 4:16 *marg. the people : 1Sa 31:1-6; 1Ch 10:1-6

How went : Heb. What was, etc. 1Sa 4:16 *marg.

the people : 1Sa 31:1-6; 1Ch 10:1-6

TSK: 2Sa 1:5 - How knowest How knowest : Pro 14:15, Pro 25:2

How knowest : Pro 14:15, Pro 25:2

TSK: 2Sa 1:6 - As I happened // mount // Saul As I happened : The story of this young man appears to be wholly a fiction, formed for the purpose of ingratiating himself with David, as the next pro...

As I happened : The story of this young man appears to be wholly a fiction, formed for the purpose of ingratiating himself with David, as the next probable successor to the crown. There is no fact in the case, except for the bringing of the diadem and bracelets of Saul, as a sufficient evidence of his death, which, as he appears to been a plunderer of the slain, he seems to have stripped from the dead body of the unfortunate monarch It is remarkable, that Saul, who had forfeited his crown by his disobedience and ill-timed clemency with respect to the Amalekites, should now have the insignia of royalty stripped from his person by one of those very people. Rth 2:3; 1Sa 6:9; Luk 10:31

mount : 2Sa 1:21; 1Sa 28:4, 1Sa 31:1

Saul : 1Sa 31:2-7

TSK: 2Sa 1:7 - Here am I Here am I : Heb. Behold me, 2Sa 9:6; Jdg 9:54; 1Sa 22:12; Isa 6:8 *marg. Isa 65:1

Here am I : Heb. Behold me, 2Sa 9:6; Jdg 9:54; 1Sa 22:12; Isa 6:8 *marg. Isa 65:1

TSK: 2Sa 1:8 - an Amalekite an Amalekite : Gen 14:7; Exo 17:8-16; Num 24:20; Deu 25:17-19; 1Sa 15:3, 1Sa 27:8; 1Sa 30:1, 1Sa 30:13, 1Sa 30:17

TSK: 2Sa 1:9 - anguish anguish : etc. or, my coat of mail, or, my embroidered coat hindereth me, that my, etc

anguish : etc. or, my coat of mail, or, my embroidered coat hindereth me, that my, etc

TSK: 2Sa 1:10 - slew // crown // bracelet slew : Jdg 1:7, Jdg 9:54; 1Sa 22:18, 1Sa 31:4, 1Sa 31:5; Mat 7:2 crown : 2Sa 12:30; Lam 5:16 bracelet : This was probably worn as an ensign of royalty...

slew : Jdg 1:7, Jdg 9:54; 1Sa 22:18, 1Sa 31:4, 1Sa 31:5; Mat 7:2

crown : 2Sa 12:30; Lam 5:16

bracelet : This was probably worn as an ensign of royalty, as is frequently the case in the East. When the Khalif Cayem Bemrillah granted the investiture of certain dominions to an Eastern prince, the ceremony was performed by sending him letters patent, a crown, chain, and bracelets. The bracelet, says Mr. Morier, are ornaments fastened above the elbows, composed of precious stones of great value, and are only worn by the king and his sons.

TSK: 2Sa 1:11 - rent // likewise rent : 2Sa 3:31, 2Sa 13:31; Gen 37:29, Gen 37:34; Act 14:14 likewise : Rom 12:15

TSK: 2Sa 1:12 - -- Psa 35:13, Psa 35:14; Pro 24:17; Jer 9:1; Amo 6:6; Mat 5:44; 2Co 11:29; 1Pe 3:8

TSK: 2Sa 1:13 - -- 2Sa 1:8

TSK: 2Sa 1:14 - How // stretch forth How : Num 12:8; 1Sa 31:4; 2Pe 2:10 stretch forth : 1Sa 24:6, 1Sa 26:9; Psa 105:15

TSK: 2Sa 1:15 - Go near Go near : 2Sa 4:10-12; Jdg 8:20; 1Sa 22:17, 1Sa 22:18; 1Ki 2:25, 1Ki 2:34, 1Ki 2:46; Job 5:12; Pro 11:18

TSK: 2Sa 1:16 - Thy blood // mouth Thy blood : Gen 9:5, Gen 9:6; Lev 20:9, Lev 20:11-13, Lev 20:16, Lev 20:27; Deu 19:10; Jos 2:19; Jdg 9:24; 1Sa 26:9; 1Ki 2:32, 1Ki 2:33, 1Ki 2:37; Eze...

TSK: 2Sa 1:17 - lamented lamented : 2Sa 1:19; Gen 50:11; 2Ch 35:25; Jer 9:17-21

TSK: 2Sa 1:18 - teach // bow // the book // Jasher teach : Gen 49:8; Deu 4:10 bow : Kasheth , or the bow, was probably the title of the following threnody; so called, in the oriental style, because S...

teach : Gen 49:8; Deu 4:10

bow : Kasheth , or the bow, was probably the title of the following threnody; so called, in the oriental style, because Saul’ s death was occasioned by that weapon, and because the bow of Jonathan, out of which ""the arrow was shot beyond the lad,""(1Sa 20:36), is celebrated in this song.

the book : Jos 10:13

Jasher : or, the upright, So LXX επι βιβλιου τον ευθους ; Targum, siphra deooritha , ""the book of the law;""the Arabic, ""the book of Asheecaps1 . tcaps0 his is the book of Samuel.""This book was probably a collection of divine odes, written to commemorate remarkable events.

TSK: 2Sa 1:19 - beauty // how are beauty : 2Sa 1:23; Deu 4:7, Deu 4:8; 1Sa 31:8; Isa 4:2, Isa 53:2; Lam 2:1; Zec 11:7, Zec 11:10 how are : 2Sa 1:25, 2Sa 1:27; Lam 5:16

TSK: 2Sa 1:20 - Tell // Philistines // uncircumcised Tell : Deu 32:26, Deu 32:27; Jdg 14:19, Jdg 16:23, Jdg 16:24; 1Sa 31:9; Mic 1:10 Philistines : Exo 15:20, Exo 15:21; Jdg 11:34; 1Sa 18:6; Eze 16:27, E...

TSK: 2Sa 1:21 - mountains // no dew // offerings // not // anointed mountains : 1Sa 31:1; 1Ch 10:1, 1Ch 10:8 no dew : Jdg 5:23; Job 3:3-10; Isa 5:6; Jer 20:14-16 offerings : Joe 1:9, Joe 2:14 not : Instead of belee ,...

mountains : 1Sa 31:1; 1Ch 10:1, 1Ch 10:8

no dew : Jdg 5:23; Job 3:3-10; Isa 5:6; Jer 20:14-16

offerings : Joe 1:9, Joe 2:14

not : Instead of belee , ""not,""we should probably, with Dr. Delaney and others, read keley , ""weapons,""as it is found on one manuscript and in the first edition of the Hebrew Bible, printed at Soncini, 1488: ""the shield of Saul; the weapons of the anointed with oil."

anointed : 1Sa 10:1; Isa 21:5

TSK: 2Sa 1:22 - the bow the bow : 1Sa 14:6-14, 1Sa 18:4; Isa 34:6, Isa 34:7

TSK: 2Sa 1:23 - pleasant // they were // swifter // stronger pleasant : or, sweet, 1Sa 18:1, 1Sa 20:2 they were : 1Sa 31:1-5 swifter : 2Sa 2:18; Deu 28:49; 1Ch 12:8; Job 9:26; Jer 4:13; Lam 4:19 stronger : 2Sa 2...

pleasant : or, sweet, 1Sa 18:1, 1Sa 20:2

they were : 1Sa 31:1-5

swifter : 2Sa 2:18; Deu 28:49; 1Ch 12:8; Job 9:26; Jer 4:13; Lam 4:19

stronger : 2Sa 23:20; Jdg 14:18; Pro 30:30

TSK: 2Sa 1:24 - -- Jdg 5:30; Psa 68:12; Pro 31:21; Isa 3:16-26; Jer 2:32; 1Ti 2:9, 1Ti 2:10; 1Pe 3:3-5

TSK: 2Sa 1:25 - How How : 2Sa 1:19, 2Sa 1:27; Lam 5:16, thou was, Jdg 5:18; 1Sa 14:13-15

TSK: 2Sa 1:26 - thy love thy love : 1Sa 18:1-4, 1Sa 19:2, 1Sa 20:17, 1Sa 20:41, 1Sa 23:16

TSK: 2Sa 1:27 - How are // weapons How are : 2Sa 1:19, 2Sa 1:25 weapons : 2Ki 2:12, 2Ki 13:14; Psa 46:9; Eze 39:9, Eze 39:10

kecilkan semua
Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: 2Sa 1:2 - On the third day // With his clothes rent, and earth upon his head On the third day ; from David’ s return to Ziklag, as the foregoing words manifest. With his clothes rent, and earth upon his head ; pretending ...

On the third day ; from David’ s return to Ziklag, as the foregoing words manifest.

With his clothes rent, and earth upon his head ; pretending sorrow for the loss of God’ s people, in compliance with David’ s humour.

Poole: 2Sa 1:4 - -- He mentions only these two, as those who seemed most to obstruct David’ s coming to the crown.

He mentions only these two, as those who seemed most to obstruct David’ s coming to the crown.

Poole: 2Sa 1:5 - -- For the knowledge of this did most concern both David and the whole commonwealth of Israel.

For the knowledge of this did most concern both David and the whole commonwealth of Israel.

Poole: 2Sa 1:9 - Stand upon me // Anguish is come upon me // My life is yet whole in me Stand upon me i.e. lean upon me by thy weight and force, that the spear may come through me; or, stay by me , i.e. stop thy flight, and tarry so lon...

Stand upon me i.e. lean upon me by thy weight and force, that the spear may come through me; or, stay by me , i.e. stop thy flight, and tarry so long with me till thou hast killed me.

Anguish is come upon me i.e. I am in great pain of body, and anguish of mind. Or thus, my coat of mail, or embroidered coat, hath hindered me , that the spear could not pierce into me. Thus divers both Hebrew and other learned expositors understand it.

My life is yet whole in me I am heart-whole, and not likely to die, as well as not willing to live.

Poole: 2Sa 1:10 - I stood upon him, and slew him // I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen // The crown that was upon his head // Unto my lord I stood upon him, and slew him: it is most probable this was a lie, devised to gain David’ s favour, as he supposed. For, 1. Saul was not killed...

I stood upon him, and slew him: it is most probable this was a lie, devised to gain David’ s favour, as he supposed. For, 1. Saul was not killed by a spear, as he pretends, but by his sword, 1Sa 31:4 .

2. It is expressly said that Saul’ s armour-bearer , being yet living, saw that Saul was dead , 1Sa 31:5 ; which doubtless he would very thoroughly examine and know, before he would kill himself upon that account, as he did.

3. Saul’ s death is manifestly ascribed to his own action, even to his falling upon his sword, 1Sa 31:4,5 .

I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen: this he addeth by way of caution and excuse, that it might be thought all act of necessity and kindness, and not of choice or ill will, that he killed Saul. But here also he betrays himself; for how could this be true, when Saul’ s life was whole within him, as he had now said, 2Sa 1:9 ?

The crown that was upon his head not that he then wore it; which would have exposed him too much, and that unnecessarily, to the rage of the Philistines; but that he used to wear it. It is not likely that he found it now actually upon Saul’ s head, but that he met with it in some part of the camp, whither Saul had brought it to wear it when he saw fit.

Unto my lord unto thee, whom, now Saul is dead, I own for my lord and king.

Poole: 2Sa 1:13 - Whence art thou? Whence art thou? David heard and knew before what he was, but he asked it again judicially, in order to his trial and punishment.

Whence art thou? David heard and knew before what he was, but he asked it again judicially, in order to his trial and punishment.

Poole: 2Sa 1:14 - -- Why didst not thou refuse to kill him, as his armour-bearer had done? For notwithstanding his great danger, something might have fallen out through ...

Why didst not thou refuse to kill him, as his armour-bearer had done? For notwithstanding his great danger, something might have fallen out through God’ s all-disposing providence, whereby his life might have been preserved.

Poole: 2Sa 1:16 - Thy blood be upon thy head Thy blood be upon thy head the guilt of thy bloodshed or death lies upon thyself, not upon me, for thy free and voluntary confession is sufficient pr...

Thy blood be upon thy head the guilt of thy bloodshed or death lies upon thyself, not upon me, for thy free and voluntary confession is sufficient proof of thy guilt in killing the king.

Poole: 2Sa 1:18 - He bade them // The children of Judah // The use of the bow // It is written Also: having mentioned David’ s lamentation in general, before he comes to the particular description of it, he interposeth this verse by way o...

Also: having mentioned David’ s lamentation in general, before he comes to the particular description of it, he interposeth this verse by way of parenthesis; to signify, that David did not so give up himself to lamentation as to neglect his great business, the care of the commonwealth, which now lay upon him; but took particular care to fortify them against such further losses and calamities as he bewails in the following song; and by his example, and this counsel, to instruct the people, that they should not give up themselves to sorrow and despondency for their great and general loss; but should raise up their spirits, and betake themselves to action.

He bade them: David being now actually king upon Saul’ s death, takes his power upon him, and gives forth his commands.

The children of Judah: these he more particularly teacheth, because they were the chief, and now the royal tribe, and likely to be the great bulwark to all Israel against the Philistines, upon whose land they bordered; and withal, to be the most friendly and true to him, and to his interest.

The use of the bow i. e. the use of their arms, which are all synecdochically expressed under the name of the bow , which then was one of the chief weapons; and for the dexterous use whereof Jonathan is commended in the following song: which may be one reason why he now gives forth this order, that so they might strive to imitate Jonathan in the military skill, and to excel in it, as he did.

It is written not the following song, as many think, for that is written here, and therefore it was needless to refer us to another book for it; but this foregoing counsel and course which David took to repair the last loss, which is here mentioned but briefly, and in general terms; but, as it seems, more largely and particularly described in the book of Jasher ; of which see on Jos 10:13 .

Poole: 2Sa 1:19 - The beauty of Israel // Upon thy high places // How are the mighty fallen! The beauty of Israel their flower and glory, Saul and Jonathan, and their army, consisting of young and valiant men. Upon thy high places i.e. thos...

The beauty of Israel their flower and glory, Saul and Jonathan, and their army, consisting of young and valiant men.

Upon thy high places i.e. those which belong to thee, O land of Israel.

How are the mighty fallen! how strangely! how suddenly! how dreadfully and universally!

Poole: 2Sa 1:20 - Tell it not in Gath // the daughters of the Philistines Tell it not in Gath: this is not a precept, but a poetical wish; whereby he doth not so much desire that this might not be done, which he knew to be ...

Tell it not in Gath: this is not a precept, but a poetical wish; whereby he doth not so much desire that this might not be done, which he knew to be vain and impossible; as express his great sorrow because it was and would be done, to the great dishonour of God and of his people. He mentions

the daughters of the Philistines because it was the custom of women in those times and places to celebrate those victories which their men obtained, with triumphant songs and dances; as Ex 15 Jud 11:34 1Sa 18:6 .

Poole: 2Sa 1:21 - Let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you // Nor fields of offerings // The shield of the mighty // Vilely // Cast away // As though he had not been anointed with oil Let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you: this is no proper imprecation; which he had no reason to inflict upon those harmless mounta...

Let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you: this is no proper imprecation; which he had no reason to inflict upon those harmless mountains; but only a passionate representation of the horror which he conceived at this public loss; which was such, as if he thought every person or thing which contributed to it were fit to bear the tokens of Divine displeasure, such as this is, when the earth wants the blessed and necessary influences of dew and rain.

Nor fields of offerings i.e. fruitful fields, which may produce fair and goodly fruits fit to be offered unto God.

The shield of the mighty the shields of the valiant men of Israel.

Vilely dishonourably; for it was a great reproach to any soldier to cast away or lose his shield.

Cast away to wit, by themselves, that they might flee more swiftly away, as the Israelites did, and Saul with the rest; as is said, 1Sa 31:1,2 .

As though he had not been anointed with oil as if he had been no more nor better than a common soldier: he was exposed to the same kind of death and reproach as they were.

Poole: 2Sa 1:22 - Turned not back // Empty Turned not back to wit, without effect: compare Isa 45:23 55:2 . Their arrows shot from their bows, and their swords, did seldom miss, and commonly p...

Turned not back to wit, without effect: compare Isa 45:23 55:2 . Their arrows shot from their bows, and their swords, did seldom miss, and commonly pierced fat, and flesh, and blood, and reached even to the heart and bowels.

Empty i.e. not filled and glutted with blood: for the sword is metaphorically said to have a mouth , which we translate an edge ; and to devour , 2Sa 2:26 11:25 Jer 2:30 46:10 . And this their former successfulness is here mentioned as an aggravation of their last infelicity.

Poole: 2Sa 1:23 - Pleasant // In their lives // In their death they were not divided // Swifter than eagles // Stronger than lions Pleasant amiable and obliging in their carriage and conversation, both towards one another, and towards their people; for as for Saul’ s fierce ...

Pleasant amiable and obliging in their carriage and conversation, both towards one another, and towards their people; for as for Saul’ s fierce behaviour towards Jonathan, 1Sa 20:30,33 , it was only a sudden passion, by which his ordinary temper was not to be measured; and for his carriage towards David, that was from that jealousy and reason of state which usually engageth even good-natured and well-nurtured princes to the same hostilities in like cases. But it is observable, that David speaks not a word here of his piety and other virtues; but only commends him for those things which were truly in him; a fit pattern for all preachers in their funeral commendations.

In their lives Jonathan was not false to his father, as was reported; but stuck close to him.

In their death they were not divided and as he lived, so he died with him, at the same time, and in the same common and good cause.

Swifter than eagles expeditious and nimble in pursuing their enemies, and executing their designs; which is a great commendation in a prince and in a soldier.

Stronger than lions in regard of their bodily strength and the courage of their minds.

Poole: 2Sa 1:24 - Ye daughters of Israel // Who clotheth you in scarlet Ye daughters of Israel: these he mentions, partly because the women then used to make songs, both of triumph and of lamentation, as occasion required...

Ye daughters of Israel: these he mentions, partly because the women then used to make songs, both of triumph and of lamentation, as occasion required; and partly because they usually are most delighted with the ornaments of the body here following.

Who clotheth you in scarlet: this he did, partly because he procured them so much peace as gave them opportunity of enriching themselves; and partly because he took these things as spoils from the enemies, and clothed his own people with them. Compare Psa 68:12 .

Poole: 2Sa 1:25 - Which were in thy country Which were in thy country and (had not thy father disinherited thee by his sins) in thy dominions.

Which were in thy country and (had not thy father disinherited thee by his sins) in thy dominions.

Poole: 2Sa 1:26 - For thee // The love of women For thee i.e. for the loss of thee. For besides the loss of a true friend, and all the comfort of friendship, which is inestimable, he lost him who b...

For thee i.e. for the loss of thee. For besides the loss of a true friend, and all the comfort of friendship, which is inestimable, he lost him who both could, and undoubtedly would, have given him a speedy, and quiet, and sure possession of the kingdom; whereas now he met with long and troublesome interruptions.

The love of women i.e. that love wherewith they love their husbands or children; for their affections are usually more vehement and ardent than men’ s.

Poole: 2Sa 1:27 - -- Either, 1. Metaphorically so called, to wit, Saul and Jonathan, and the brave commanders and soldiers of Israel; who might have been called the ch...

Either,

1. Metaphorically so called, to wit, Saul and Jonathan, and the brave commanders and soldiers of Israel; who might have been called the chariots of Israel, and the horsemen thereof . Or rather,

2. Properly; for, together with the men, their arms were lost, which was a very great aggravation of their loss, and that loss seems to be at this time more irrecoverable and dangerous than the loss of their men.

Haydock: 2Sa 1:1 - Stranger Stranger, residing among the Hebrews.

Stranger, residing among the Hebrews.

Haydock: 2Sa 1:1 - Siceleg Siceleg, though it had been burnt down. (Salien, the year of the world 2949.)

Siceleg, though it had been burnt down. (Salien, the year of the world 2949.)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:6 - Chance // Spear Chance. He feigned this to obtain the favour of David; but the king punished him as he deserved. (Worthington) --- Spear, or sword, as it is befo...

Chance. He feigned this to obtain the favour of David; but the king punished him as he deserved. (Worthington) ---

Spear, or sword, as it is before expressed. (Menochius)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:8 - Amalecite Amalecite. The Rabbins say he was the son of Doeg; and has this appellation because Amalec sprung from Esau, Genesis xxxvi. 12. But this is all ver...

Amalecite. The Rabbins say he was the son of Doeg; and has this appellation because Amalec sprung from Esau, Genesis xxxvi. 12. But this is all very uncertain. The man seems to have gotten possession of the marks of the royal dignity in the night, as the Philistines deferred till the next day stripping the bodies of the deceased. (Calmet)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:9 - Anguish // In me Anguish. Hebrew, "the coat of mail withholds me." Septuagint, "horrid darkness encompasses me." Shabah, signifies a coat of mail, made of cloth,...

Anguish. Hebrew, "the coat of mail withholds me." Septuagint, "horrid darkness encompasses me." Shabah, signifies a coat of mail, made of cloth, very thick, and boiled in vinegar, to render it more impenetrable. The Greeks emperors and the French formerly wore them much, instead of iron. (Calmet) ---

Protestant [version] however agrees with us. ---

In me. I have yet received no mortal wound. (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:10 - I killed him // Fall // Diadem // Bracelet I killed him. This story of the young Amalecite was not true, as may easily be proved by comparing it with the last chapter of the foregoing book. ...

I killed him. This story of the young Amalecite was not true, as may easily be proved by comparing it with the last chapter of the foregoing book. (Challoner) ---

Fall. This he says, apprehending that David would perhaps disapprove of what he had done. ---

Diadem, or ribband, which was tied round his head, as a badge of his dignity. Hebrew, "the crown." But it was not of metal, though such were already common, Exodus xxviii. 36., and 1 Paralipomenon xx. 2. Some pretend that Doeg gave these insignia to this son, that he might ingratiate himself with the future king. But they were upon Saul, so that the enemy could easily distinguish him. ---

Bracelet. The Hebrews took a great many from the Madianites, Numbers xxxi. 50. Such presents were made by the Romans to soldiers who had performed some feats of valour. (Pliny, [Natural History?] xxxiii. 2.) (Livy i. 10.)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:11 - Rent them Rent them, in sign of grief, as many other nations did. Tum pius Æneas humeris abscindere vestem. (Virgil, Æneid v.) (Calmet)

Rent them, in sign of grief, as many other nations did. Tum pius Æneas humeris abscindere vestem. (Virgil, Æneid v.) (Calmet)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:12 - Of the Lord Of the Lord, the priests; (Abulensis) though it seems to be explained by the following words, of all the Israelites. (Haydock)

Of the Lord, the priests; (Abulensis) though it seems to be explained by the following words, of all the Israelites. (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:16 - Head Head. None but thyself can be answerable for thy death. See Matthew xxvii. 25. David was already supreme magistrate, and he wished that all should...

Head. None but thyself can be answerable for thy death. See Matthew xxvii. 25. David was already supreme magistrate, and he wished that all should be convinced that he rejoiced not at the death of the king, and that none might imitate the example of this wretch. (Calmet) ---

Thus Vitellius punished the murderers of Galba, "not out of respect to Galba; but, according to the custom of princes, as a protection for the present, and a threat of vengeance for the future," in case any should dare to treat him in like manner. (Tacitus i.) Tradito principibus more, munimentum in præsens, in posterum ultionem.

Haydock: 2Sa 1:18 - Bow // Just // Consider....places Bow. So this canticle was entitled, because it spoke in praise of the bow and arrows of Saul and Jonathan, ver. 22. So one of the works of Hesiod i...

Bow. So this canticle was entitled, because it spoke in praise of the bow and arrows of Saul and Jonathan, ver. 22. So one of the works of Hesiod is called "a buckler;" of Theocritus "a flute;" of Simmias "wing;" &c. Septuagint have neglected this word entirely (Calmet) in the Roman edition. But it is found in the Alexandrian copy, which reads "Israel," instead of Juda, perhaps properly. (Grabe, prol. iv. 2.) (Haydock) ---

Chaldean, "to shoot with the bow." Many suppose that David cautioned his men to exert themselves in that art, (Menochius) as they might soon expect to have to encounter the Philistines, (Tirinus) who were very expert bowmen. (Worthington) ---

But the former interpretation seems preferable. (Calmet) ---

The bow might be also the beginning of some favourite song, to the tune of which (Du Hamel) David would have his men to sing this canticle, (Haydock) particularly when they went to battle. (Grotius) ---

Just. See Josue x. 3. (Menochius) ---

It seems this was a more ancient record, to which the author of this book refers. (Calmet) ---

He might have in view the canticle of Anna, (1 Kings ii. 4,) or some other. (Haydock) ---

The custom of composing canticles, on such solemn occasions, is very ancient and frequent. See 3 Kings iii. 33., and xiii. 29., and Jeremias xlviii. 31. (Homer, Iliad Greek: ps & ch ) The style of this piece can hardly be equalled by the most polite writers. (Calmet) ---

David is chiefly occupied with the praises of Jonathan. (Haydock) ---

Consider....places. This sentence is omitted in Hebrew, Chaldean, Septuagint, and in some copies of St. Jerome's version. (T. i. p. 365, Nov. edit. op.) It is a farther explication of the subsequent verse. (Calmet) ---

Yet the Septuagint read, "Erect a pillar, O Israel, [upon thy heights; the Vatican Septuagint places this after slain. (Haydock)] in honour of the slain, thy wounded soldiers. How are the mighty fallen?" The Hebrew seems to be different from what the Septuagint, Chaldean, &c., read, as the Masora now adopts etsbi, instead of etsib, which has greatly puzzled interpreters. Hence Aquila translates Greek: akriboson, with the Septuagint of Ximenes, i.e., "Execute or consider with attention," this sepulchral monument on which you shall inscribe, "For the dead and for thy wounded." It was to be placed on some "eminence," according to custom. The present Hebrew is very indeterminate, denoting "glory, a honey-comb," &c., Ezechiel xx. 6., and Daniel xi. 16, 41. See Grabe, Prol. (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:19 - Illustrious // Slain Illustrious. Hebrew, "the glory (beauty, hart, &c.) of Israel hath been pierced," &c. The comparison of Saul with a hart, is noble enough in the id...

Illustrious. Hebrew, "the glory (beauty, hart, &c.) of Israel hath been pierced," &c. The comparison of Saul with a hart, is noble enough in the ideas of the ancients, Psalm xvii. 34., Canticle of Canticles ii. 9., and viii. 14. Syriac and Arabic, "O hart of Israel, they have been slain," &c. (Calmet) ---

Slain. Hebrew chalal, signifies also "a soldier;" and this word agrees perfectly well with giborim, "valiant," both here and ver. 22 and 25. Kennicott would apply it to Jonathan, upon whom David's attention is mostly fixed. "O ornament of Israel! O warrior, upon thy high places! How, " &c. (Haydock) ---

In this manner many such pieces commence, Lamentations i. (Tirinus)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:20 - Triumph Triumph. He was aware of the exultation of the infidels. (Haydock)

Triumph. He was aware of the exultation of the infidels. (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:21 - Fruits // Of Saul // As though Fruits, which may be offered to the Lord. Inanimate things could not offend, nor does David curse them in earnest. But (Tirinus) nothing could more...

Fruits, which may be offered to the Lord. Inanimate things could not offend, nor does David curse them in earnest. But (Tirinus) nothing could more strikingly express his distress and grief, than this imprecation. It is false that those mountains have since been barren. This canton is one of the most fruitful of the country. (Brochard.) (Calmet) ---

Job (iii.) speaks with the same animation, and curses his day. (Menochius) ---

Of Saul, or "Saul, the shield of his people, was cast away, as," &c. Protestants, " as though he had not been anointed with oil." (Haydock) ---

He is not reproached for throwing away his buckler, for nothing was deemed more shameful. The ancient Germans would not allow such a one to enter their temples or places of assembly. (Tacitus, mor. Germ) ---

A woman of Sparta told her son, when she delivered on to him, "Bring this back, or be brought upon it" dead. Impositu scuto referunt Pallanta frequentes. (Virgil, Æneid x.) (Sanctius) (Calmet) ---

As though. Hebrew seems to have sh, instead of s, (as it is in several manuscripts correctly, in noshug ) and bli, instead of cli, (Delany) as the former word seems no where else to signify quasi non; and the Syriac, Arabic, and Chaldean omit the negation. It might therefore be the shield of Saul, "the arms of him who has been anointed with oil." (Kennicott) ---

Some would refer this unction to the shield, (Vatable) as this was some times done: (Menochius) but the reflection would be here too trifling. (Calmet)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:22 - From // Fat // Empty // Spargimus & nostro sequitur de vulnere sanguis From. Hebrew, "without the blood of soldiers, without the fat of the valiant, the bow of Jonathan had never returned." (Kennicott) --- Fat. The ...

From. Hebrew, "without the blood of soldiers, without the fat of the valiant, the bow of Jonathan had never returned." (Kennicott) ---

Fat. The entrails. It might also denote the most valiant of the soldiers, as we read of "the fat or marrow of corn" for the best, Psalm lxxx. 17. (Calmet) ---

Jonathan attacked the most courageous, and laid them dead at his feet. (Haydock) ---

Empty. Saul carried destruction wherever he went. Et nos tela, pater, ferrumque haud debile dextra,

Spargimus & nostro sequitur de vulnere sanguis. (Virgil, Æneid xii. 50.)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:23 - Lovely Lovely, or united. Jonathan always behaved with due respect towards his father, though he could not enter into his unjust animosity against David. ...

Lovely, or united. Jonathan always behaved with due respect towards his father, though he could not enter into his unjust animosity against David. (Calmet) ---

The latter passes over in silence all that Saul had done against himself, and seems wholly occupied with the thought of the valour and great achievements of the deceased. (Haydock) ---

Sanchez believes that these epithets were introduced of course into funeral canticles, like Alas! my noble one, (Jeremias xxii. 18.; Menochius) as Saul could have no pretensions to be styled lovely, or friendly, towards the latter part of his reign; since he treated the priests, David, and even his son Jonathan, with contumely, and even with unrelenting fury. But all this David would willingly bury in oblivion. He will not even notice how different was the end of the two heroes. Jonathan died like a virtuous soldier in his country's cause; Saul was wounded, but impiously accelerated his own death, through dread of torments and of insult. Though they died, therefore, on the same field of battle, their end was as different as that of the saint and of the impenitent sinner. (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:25 - Battle Battle. Hebrew, "in the midst of battle! O Jonathan, thou warrior upon thy high places!" (Kennicott, Diss. i. p. 123.)

Battle. Hebrew, "in the midst of battle! O Jonathan, thou warrior upon thy high places!" (Kennicott, Diss. i. p. 123.)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:26 - Brother // Women // As Brother. So they lamented, Alas! my brother, Jeremias xxii. 18. (Menochius) --- Women. He indicates the ardour of his love, not any inordinate...

Brother. So they lamented, Alas! my brother, Jeremias xxii. 18. (Menochius) ---

Women. He indicates the ardour of his love, not any inordinate affection. (Du Hamel) ---

I love thee more than any person can love a woman, (Calmet) more than women can love their husbands or children. (Menochius) ---

Chaldean, "thy love is more wonderful to me than the love of two who are espoused." ---

As, &c. This is not found in Hebrew, Septuagint, or St. Jerome. (Calmet)

Haydock: 2Sa 1:27 - Perished Perished, falling into the hands of the enemy; though Saul and Jonathan may be styled the arms, as well as the shield, of Israel. (Menochius) --- N...

Perished, falling into the hands of the enemy; though Saul and Jonathan may be styled the arms, as well as the shield, of Israel. (Menochius) ---

No character could be more worthy of praise than the latter. His breast was never agitated by envy, though he seemed to be the most interested to destroy David. Even Saul had many excellent qualities; which makes Ven. Bede compare him in those respects with Jesus Christ; as most of the memorable persons and events of the Old Testament had a view to Christ on the one hand, and to the Synagogue on the other. Saul is one of the most striking figures of the reprobation and conduct of the Jewish church. As he was adorned with many glorious prerogatives, and chosen by God, yet he no sooner beheld the rising merit of David, than he began to persecute him: so the Jews had been instructed by the prophets, and had been selected as God's peculiar inheritance; and nevertheless took occasion from the virtues and miracles of the Son of God, to conspire his ruin. The Romans were sent to punish the Jews, who are now become the most abject of all mankind, and are filled with rage, seeing the exaltation of the Christian Church, as Saul was reduced by the Philistines to the greatest distress, and his children were forced to implore the protection of the man whom he had so cruelly persecuted, &c. (Calmet) ---

Saul and Judas may be a warning to us, that no person ought to live without fear, since they perished so miserably, though they had been elevated by the hand of God. (St. Ambrose, &c.) (Haydock)

Gill: 2Sa 1:1 - Now it came to pass after the death of Saul // when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites // and David had abode two days in Ziklag Now it came to pass after the death of Saul,.... The third day after, as appears from the next verse: when David was returned from the slaughter of...

Now it came to pass after the death of Saul,.... The third day after, as appears from the next verse:

when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites; as related in 1Sa 30:17,

and David had abode two days in Ziklag; which, though fired by the Amalekites, was not utterly consumed, but there was still some convenience for the lodging of David and his men; within this time he sent his presents to several places in the tribe of Judah, of which mention is made in the chapter before quoted, and at the same time it was that so many mighty men came to him from several tribes spoken of in 1Ch 12:1.

Gill: 2Sa 1:2 - It came to pass on the third day // that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul // with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head // and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and did obeisance It came to pass on the third day,.... After the battle was fought, in which Saul was slain: that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul; tha...

It came to pass on the third day,.... After the battle was fought, in which Saul was slain:

that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul; that is, from them who were in the camp with Saul, for he was dead. Some say d this was Doeg the Edomite, which is not likely that he should come with such tidings to David; besides, if he was Saul's armourbearer, as others say, see 1Sa 31:4; he died with Saul; nor his son, as others e, which is not at all probable, though his being an Edomite is no objection, since the Amalekites were of the race of Edom:

with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head: in token of mourning, and was the bringer of bad tidings, see 1Sa 4:12,

and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and did obeisance; as being the rising sun, Saul's successor, and now king.

Gill: 2Sa 1:3 - And David said unto him, from whence comest thou // and he said unto him, out of the camp of Israel am I escaped And David said unto him, from whence comest thou?.... It is very likely by his appearance and circumstances he suspected from whence he came: and h...

And David said unto him, from whence comest thou?.... It is very likely by his appearance and circumstances he suspected from whence he came:

and he said unto him, out of the camp of Israel am I escaped; which plainly suggested that that was in danger, confusion, and distress.

Gill: 2Sa 1:4 - And David said unto him, how went the matter? I pray thee, tell me // and he answered, that the people are fled from the battle // and many of the people also are fallen and dead // and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also And David said unto him, how went the matter? I pray thee, tell me,.... That is, how went the battle? on which side the victory? and he answered, t...

And David said unto him, how went the matter? I pray thee, tell me,.... That is, how went the battle? on which side the victory?

and he answered, that the people are fled from the battle; meaning the people of Israel, they had given way, and turned their backs upon their enemies, and were fled:

and many of the people also are fallen and dead; fell by the sword in the pursuit of them, and were not only wounded, but were slain, and these great numbers of them:

and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also; which are mentioned last, because they fell some of the last; and this part of the account is reserved by the messenger to the last, because it was the article of the greatest importance; the death of these two persons, the one the enemy, and the other the friend of David, and the death of both made way for his accession to the throne.

Gill: 2Sa 1:5 - And David said unto the young man that told him // how knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead And David said unto the young man that told him,.... These tidings: how knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead? this he particularly i...

And David said unto the young man that told him,.... These tidings:

how knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead? this he particularly inquired after, as what most affected him, and was most material for him to know; and his meaning is, whether he had this of his own sight and knowledge, or by report.

Gill: 2Sa 1:6 - And the young man that told him // said, as I happened by chance upon Mount Gilboa // behold, Saul leaned upon his spear // and, lo, the chariots and horsemen followed hard after him And the young man that told him,.... So it seems he was, and therefore could not be Doeg, more likely his son of the two; but there is no reason to be...

And the young man that told him,.... So it seems he was, and therefore could not be Doeg, more likely his son of the two; but there is no reason to believe he was either of them, who cannot be thought to be well disposed to David:

said, as I happened by chance upon Mount Gilboa; who was either a traveller that came that way just as the army was routed, and part had fled to Gilboa; or if a soldier, was not one of those that attended Saul, and was of his bodyguard, but happened on the flight to come to the same spot on Gilboa where Saul was:

behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; that that might pierce him through and die; but this seems not true, for he fell upon his sword for that purpose, 1Sa 31:4,

and, lo, the chariots and horsemen followed hard after him; the charioteers and cavalry, of which part of the Philistine army consisted; though this also does not agree with the account in the above place; for according to that they were the archers that pressed him hard, and hit him.

Gill: 2Sa 1:7 - And when he looked behind him // he saw me, and called unto me // and I answered, here am I And when he looked behind him,.... To see how near the enemy was, and who were pursuing him: he saw me, and called unto me; by which it should rath...

And when he looked behind him,.... To see how near the enemy was, and who were pursuing him:

he saw me, and called unto me; by which it should rather seem that he belonged to the Philistines than to the Israelites, and as his being an Amalekite shows; for such an one would hardly be admitted among the latter, though it is most likely he was with neither, but happened to come that way just at that time:

and I answered, here am I; ready to hear what thou hast to say, and do thy pleasure.

Gill: 2Sa 1:8 - And he said unto me, who art thou // and I answered him, I am an Amalekite And he said unto me, who art thou?.... Being willing to know whether a friend or an enemy, which by his coming behind him he could not tell: and I...

And he said unto me, who art thou?.... Being willing to know whether a friend or an enemy, which by his coming behind him he could not tell:

and I answered him, I am an Amalekite: which he might be; but it is not likely he should tell Saul he was, which would not recommend him to him; though indeed he was now in such circumstances, that the Amalekites had nothing to fear from him; and if he was slain by him, as Josephus f affirms he was, it seems to be a just retaliation on him for sparing any of that race, contrary to the will of God.

Gill: 2Sa 1:9 - And he said unto me again, stand, I pray thee, upon me, and slay me // for anguish is come upon me // because my life is yet whole in me And he said unto me again, stand, I pray thee, upon me, and slay me,.... Which it can hardly be thought Saul would say; since he might as well have di...

And he said unto me again, stand, I pray thee, upon me, and slay me,.... Which it can hardly be thought Saul would say; since he might as well have died by the hands of the uncircumcised Philistines, which he endeavoured to avoid, as by the hands of an Amalekite:

for anguish is come upon me; or trembling, as the Targum, not through fear of death, but through fear of falling into the hands of the Philistines, and of being ill used by them. Some render the words, "my embroidered coat", or "breastplate", or "coat of mail", holds me g, or hinders me from being pierced through with the sword or spear; so Ben Gersom h:

because my life is yet whole in me: for though he had been wounded by the archers, yet he did not apprehend he had received any mortal wound, but his life was whole in him; and therefore feared he should fall into their hands alive, and be ill treated by them.

Gill: 2Sa 1:10 - So I stood upon him, and slew him // because I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen // and I took the crown that was upon his head // and the bracelet that was on his arm // and have brought them hither unto my lord So I stood upon him, and slew him,.... Pressed with all his weight upon his body, that so the spear might pierce through him, and slay him; thus he re...

So I stood upon him, and slew him,.... Pressed with all his weight upon his body, that so the spear might pierce through him, and slay him; thus he represents his death to be brought about:

because I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen; this is not consistent with what he had said before, both that he was leaning on his spear, and not fallen to the ground, and that his life was whole in him:

and I took the crown that was upon his head; which made him conspicuous, and therefore the Philistines aimed at him, and pressed hard after him, 2Sa 1:6; though some think that this was not on his head, but carried into the field of battle, ready to be put on if victory was on his side; and others say it was in the possession and care of Doeg, who at his death gave it to his son to carry to David, and thereby gain his favour:

and the bracelet that was on his arm; of gold no doubt, so Josephus i; such as great personages used to wear, men as well as women, see Gen 38:18, especially military men k. Jarchi takes them to be the "totaphot" or phylacteries on the arm, which is not probable:

and have brought them hither unto my lord; as ensigns of royalty, fit only for a king, Saul's successor, as this person, by calling him lord, owned him to be, and thought by bringing those to him to be highly he neared and rewarded.

Gill: 2Sa 1:11 - When David took hold on his clothes // and rent them // and likewise all the men that were with him When David took hold on his clothes,.... Not on the young man's but his own: and rent them; on bearing of the death of Saul and Jonathan, see Gen 3...

When David took hold on his clothes,.... Not on the young man's but his own:

and rent them; on bearing of the death of Saul and Jonathan, see Gen 37:34; from whence the Jews l gather, that a man is bound to rend his clothes for a prince, and for the father of the sanhedrim, since Saul, they say, was the prince, and Jonathan the father of that court:

and likewise all the men that were with him; rent their clothes also, in imitation of him; the same custom obtained among the Gentiles on mournful occasions m.

Gill: 2Sa 1:12 - And they mourned and wept // and fasted until even // for Saul, and for Jonathan his son // and for the people of the Lord, and for the house of Israel // because they were fallen by the sword And they mourned and wept,.... Inwardly mourned, and outwardly wept, no doubt sincerely: and fasted until even; ate no food all that day until it w...

And they mourned and wept,.... Inwardly mourned, and outwardly wept, no doubt sincerely:

and fasted until even; ate no food all that day until it was evening, the manner in which fasts used to be kept:

for Saul, and for Jonathan his son; it is no wonder that David and his men should mourn for Jonathan, a good man, and a valiant one, and a dear and faithful friend of David's; but it may seem not so clear a thing that they should, mourn for Saul, a wicked man, and a persecutor of David without cause: but it should be observed that he had been reconciled to David, and had not since attempted anything against him; besides, he was his prince, his father-in-law, and the rather he might be grieved for his death, and his men with him, because it was matter of joy to the Philistines, and they would endeavour to avail themselves of it; and especially the manner of his death, that he should be the cause of it himself, and die without repentance, as it might be feared, and quickly after consultation with a witch, and when left of God, if these particulars were known to David:

and for the people of the Lord, and for the house of Israel; that is, the people of the Lord, even the house of Israel, or who were of the house of Israel; or if they are to be distinguished, the former may respect the people of the Lord who died in battle, for whom mourning was made; and the latter the people that survived, the whole kingdom of Israel, which had sustained a great loss by the slaughter made in this battle, as it follows:

because they were fallen by the sword; so many of them.

Gill: 2Sa 1:13 - And David said unto the young man that told him, whence art thou // and he answered, I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite And David said unto the young man that told him, whence art thou?.... From what place, or of what people and nation art thou? though Abarbinel thinks...

And David said unto the young man that told him, whence art thou?.... From what place, or of what people and nation art thou? though Abarbinel thinks it neither respects place nor people, but that David thought he was another man's servant; so that the sense of the question is, to what man did he belong?

and he answered, I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite; he was not any man's servant, but the son of a proselyte, of one that was by birth and nation an Amalekite, but proselyted to the Jewish religion; he might know of what nation he originally was, by the account he had given of what passed between him and Saul, 2Sa 1:8; though the mind of David might so disturbed as not to advert to it; or if he did, he might be willing to have it repeated for confirmation's sake.

Gill: 2Sa 1:14 - And David said unto him, how, wast thou not afraid to stretch forth thine hand // to destroy the Lord's anointed And David said unto him, how, wast thou not afraid to stretch forth thine hand,.... By which it should seem that he did more than stand upon him, and ...

And David said unto him, how, wast thou not afraid to stretch forth thine hand,.... By which it should seem that he did more than stand upon him, and press his body, that the spear might pierce through him, but that he drew his sword, and slew him; so David understood him, and is the sense of the phrase in 1Sa 17:51,

to destroy the Lord's anointed? a reason why David did not destroy him, when it was in the power of his hands, and which he made use of to dissuade others from it; and here charges it not only as a criminal, but a daring action in this young man, at which he expresses his admiration how he could do it; hereby representing it as a very shocking and detestable action; see 1Sa 24:6.

Gill: 2Sa 1:15 - And David called one of the young men // and said, go near, and fall upon him // and he smote him, that he died And David called one of the young men,.... His servants that attended on him: and said, go near, and fall upon him; by smiting him with his sword:...

And David called one of the young men,.... His servants that attended on him:

and said, go near, and fall upon him; by smiting him with his sword:

and he smote him, that he died; his orders were instantly obeyed. Kings and generals of armies had great power in those times and countries to execute a man immediately, without any other judge or jury: what may serve, or David might think would serve, to justify him in doing this, is what follows.

Gill: 2Sa 1:16 - And David said unto him, thy blood be upon thy head // for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the Lord's anointed And David said unto him, thy blood be upon thy head,.... The blood that he had shed, let him suffer for it; for as he had shed blood, his blood ought...

And David said unto him, thy blood be upon thy head,.... The blood that he had shed, let him suffer for it; for as he had shed blood, his blood ought to be shed, according to the law of God; and for proof of this, that he had so done, he appeals to his own confession:

for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the Lord's anointed; and what might serve to confirm the truth of what he had said were the crown and bracelet which he brought along with him; and besides he was an Amalekite, of a nation that was devoted to destruction; and, as Abarbinel thinks, David might suppose that he killed Saul to take vengeance on him for what he had done to their nation; but, after all, both he and Maimonides n allow the punishment of him was not strictly according to law, but was a temporary decree, an extraordinary case, and an act of royal authority; for in common cases a man was not to be condemned and put to death upon his own confession, since it is possible he may not be in his right mind o; but David chose to exercise severity in this case, partly to show his respect to Saul, and to ingratiate himself into the favour of his friends, and partly to deter men from attempting to assassinate princes, who himself was now about to ascend the throne.

Gill: 2Sa 1:17 - And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul, and over Jonathan his son. And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul, and over Jonathan his son. Composed the following elegy on account of their death, and sung it in ...

And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul, and over Jonathan his son. Composed the following elegy on account of their death, and sung it in a tune agreeable to it, he and the men that were with him.

Gill: 2Sa 1:18 - (Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow // behold, it is written in book of Jasher) (Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow,.... These words, with what follow in this verse, are rightly put into a parenthesi...

(Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow,.... These words, with what follow in this verse, are rightly put into a parenthesis, since they do not begin nor make any part of the elegiac song, or lamentation of David; and are here inserted to show, that, amidst his sorrow and lamentation, he was not unmindful of the welfare of the people, and to provide for their defence and security; and therefore gave orders that care should be taken, especially in the tribe of Judah, which was his own tribe, and where he had the greatest authority, and for whom he might have the chiefest concern, that they should be trained up in military exercises, learn the art of war, and the use of every weapon of war, particularly of the bow, which, being a principal one, may be put for all; and which may be the rather mentioned, because the Philistines were expert in the use of it, and seemed to have done much execution with it in the recent battle, see 1Sa 31:3. They are said p to be the inventors of it; though Pliny q ascribes it to others; and it may be the people of Israel and of Judah had of late neglected to learn the use of it, and to make use of it, and instead of that had taken to other sort of arms in fighting; for that that was not unknown to them, or wholly disused, is clear from this song, 2Sa 1:22; see also 1Ch 12:2. Moreover, as the Philistines, especially the Cherethites, were expert in archery, David found ways and means to get some of them afterwards into his service, and by whom he might improve his people in the art, see 2Sa 8:18; though some r are of opinion that the word "keshet", or bow, was the title of the following lamentation or song, taken from the mention of Jonathan's bow in it; which song the children of Judah were to be taught to sing; but then, as has been observed by some, for this there would have been no need of the following reference, since the whole this song is here recorded:

behold, it is written in book of Jasher); which the Targum calls the book of the law; and Jarchi and Ben Gersom restrain it to the book of Genesis, the book of the upright, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and suppose respect is had to the prophecy concerning Judah, Gen 49:8, but Kimchi, extending it to all the five books of Moses, adds his blessing, in Deu 33:7. In the Arabic version it is explained of the book of Samuel, interpreted the book of songs, as if it was a collection of songs; which favours the above sense. Jerom s interprets it of the same book, the book of the righteous prophets, Samuel, Gad, and Nathan: hut this book seems to have been a public register or annals, in which were recorded memorable actions in any age, and had its name from the uprightness and faithfulness in which it was kept; and in this were set down the order of David for the teaching the children of Judah the use of the bow, and perhaps the method which he directed to for instruction in it; See Gill on Jos 10:13.

Gill: 2Sa 1:19 - The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places // how are the mighty fallen The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places,.... The high mountains of Gilboa, where Saul their king, and Jonathan his son, a prince of the blo...

The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places,.... The high mountains of Gilboa, where Saul their king, and Jonathan his son, a prince of the blood, and natural heir to the crown, and multitudes of young men, the flower of the nation, were wounded and slain. Here begins the lamentation, or the elegiac song:

how are the mighty fallen! mighty men of war, strong and valiant, as Saul and his sons were, and the soldiers in his army.

Gill: 2Sa 1:20 - Tell it not in Gath // publish it not in the streets of Ashkelon // lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph Tell it not in Gath,.... One of the five principalities of the Philistines, and the chief of them, being raised to a kingdom, and whose king was at t...

Tell it not in Gath,.... One of the five principalities of the Philistines, and the chief of them, being raised to a kingdom, and whose king was at the head of the armies of the Philistines that engaged with Saul. This is not to be understood of a command of David, who could not hinder the victory the Philistines had got over Israel being known at Gath, and talked of with pleasure there, but a wish it had not:

publish it not in the streets of Ashkelon; another of the principalities of the Philistines, and the sense the same as before:

lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph; it being usual in those times and countries for women, young women more especially, to express their joy, on occasion of victories obtained, by singing and dancing, Jdg 11:34.

Gill: 2Sa 1:21 - Ye mountains of Gilboa // let there be no dew, neither let there be rain upon you // nor fields of offerings // for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away // the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil Ye mountains of Gilboa,.... On which fell Saul and his sons, and many of the people of Israel, 2Sa 1:6, let there be no dew, neither let there be...

Ye mountains of Gilboa,.... On which fell Saul and his sons, and many of the people of Israel, 2Sa 1:6,

let there be no dew, neither let there be rain upon you; which is not to understood as a real imprecation; for David would never curse any part of the land of Israel, for which he had so great a regard; but only as a poetical figure, expressing his concern for, and abhorrence of what happened on those mountains; much less did this in reality take place, as some have feigned, as if never dew nor rain descended on them t afterwards; which has been refuted by travellers, particularly Borchard u, who, speaking of this mountain, says, that as he was upon it, there was such a violent shower fell, that he was wet through his clothes; and in the year 1273, laying all night upon this hill, there was a great dew fell upon him:

nor fields of offerings; of heave offerings; the meaning is, that he could wish almost that those hills were not fruitful, and that they brought no fruit to perfection, so much as that heave offerings for the service of the sanctuary might be taken; which is expressive of great sterility and scarcity, see Joe 1:13,

for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away; mighty men were obliged to cast away their shields and flee, which were greatly to their reproach and scandal, and to that of the whole nation: it was always reckoned very scandalous, and a great crime, even punishable with death, to cast away a shield, both with the Greeks and others w: yea, also

the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil; as if he was not the anointed king of Israel, but a common soldier: or else this respects his shield, as if that was not anointed, as shields used to be, that they might be smooth and glib, and missile weapons, as arrows and others, might not pass through them, but slide off, see Isa 21:5; though Gersom gives a different turn, that Saul's shield being in continual use, needed not to be anointed, as those did which for a time had been laid aside. Abarbinel interprets these words thus, that he, who was the shield of the mighty, even Saul himself, was vilely cast away, or become loathsome; and that his shield was anointed, not with oil, but with the blood of the slain, and the fat of the mighty, connecting them with the words following.

Gill: 2Sa 1:22 - From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back // and the sword of Saul returned not empty From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back,.... That is, it always did execution, the arrows shot fr...

From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back,.... That is, it always did execution, the arrows shot frown it pierced into men, shed their blood, and slew them; even they entered into the fat of the mighty, or mighty ones, that were fat, and brought them down; so the arrows of the Medes and Persians, the expert men among them, are said not to return in vain, Jer 50:9,

and the sword of Saul returned not empty; but was the means of slaying many; though Abarbinel observes also that this may be interpreted of the blood of the slain, and of the fat of the mighty men of Israel; and that though Saul and Jonathan saw many of these fall before their eyes, yet "for" or "because" of their blood, they were not intimidated and restrained from fighting; the bow of the one, and the shield of the other, turned not back on that account.

Gill: 2Sa 1:23 - Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives // and in their death they were not divided // they were swifter than eagles // they were stronger than lions Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives,.... To one another, had no quarrel or difference with each other, only on the account of D...

Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives,.... To one another, had no quarrel or difference with each other, only on the account of David; otherwise they agreed together in the court, and in the camp, in their councils, and in their conduct:

and in their death they were not divided; neither from the people, nor from one another; Jonathan stuck close by his father to the last; which is observed to clear him from any imputation of conspiracy against him:

they were swifter than eagles; in the quick dispatch of business, in hasting to the relief of the distressed, as Saul to the men of Jabeshgilead, and in the pursuit of their enemies, as of the Philistines, more than once:

they were stronger than lions; fighting with their enemies, who became an case prey to them; and what is stronger than a lion among beasts? Jdg 14:18; or swifter than an eagle among birds, which is said to cut the air with its wings x?

Gill: 2Sa 1:24 - Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul // who clothed you with scarlet, with other delights // who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul,.... In their mournful elegies: who clothed you with scarlet, with other delights; not only with scarlet, b...

Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul,.... In their mournful elegies:

who clothed you with scarlet, with other delights; not only with scarlet, but with other fine and delightful apparel, such as were very pleasing to the female sex, especially young people, who are delighted with gay apparel; this Saul was the means of, through the spoil he took from his enemies, and by other methods taken by him to the enriching of the nation, whereby husbands and parents were enabled to provide rich clothes for their wives and children:

who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel; broidered work, jewels of gold, &c. See Isa 3:18.

Gill: 2Sa 1:25 - How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle // O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle!.... The mighty and valiant men of war, the common soldiers as well as their general officers, wh...

How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle!.... The mighty and valiant men of war, the common soldiers as well as their general officers, whose loss David mourns, and the repetition of shows how much it affected him:

O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places; in the high places of the land of Israel, the mountains of Gilboa, which though high, and in his own country, could not protect him from his enemies, and from falling by their hands: he who had been so valiant and victorious a prince, and yet he fell, not in an enemy's country, but his own.

Gill: 2Sa 1:26 - I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan // very pleasant hast thou been unto me // thy love to me was wonderful // passing the love of women I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan,.... So he was, not only by nation and religion, but by affinity, having married the sister of Jonathan;...

I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan,.... So he was, not only by nation and religion, but by affinity, having married the sister of Jonathan; and still more so by affection and friendship, he being a friend of David's, that stuck closer to him than a brother, and who loved him as his own soul; he was distressed for him, not on account of his spiritual and eternal state, which he doubted not was happy, but for the manner of his death, his loss of him, and want of his pleasant conversation, of his counsel and advice, and assistance in his present circumstances:

very pleasant hast thou been unto me; in their friendly visits of, and conversation with, one another; many a pleasant hour had they spent together, but now must see each other's faces no more in this world:

thy love to me was wonderful; as indeed he might well say, being towards one of a mean extract in comparison of his, to one who was not his own brother, but a brother-in-law; and to one that was a rival to the crown he was heir to, and would take it before him: and who ran the risk of losing his father's affection, and even his life, for espousing his cause: see 1Sa 18:1,

passing the love of women; either that which they are loved with by men, or that with which they love their husbands and children; which is generally the strongest and most affectionate. The Targum is,"more than the love of two women,''than his two wives, Ahinoam and Abigail; so Kimchi; meaning that he was more strongly and affectionately loved by Jonathan than by them, who yet might love him very well too.

Gill: 2Sa 1:27 - How are the mighty fallen // and the weapons of war perished How are the mighty fallen,.... This is the burden of this elegiac song, being the third time it is mentioned: and the weapons of war perished! not ...

How are the mighty fallen,.... This is the burden of this elegiac song, being the third time it is mentioned:

and the weapons of war perished! not only the valiant soldiers were killed, but their arms were lost; and particularly he may mean Saul and Jonathan, who as they were the shields of the people, so they were the true weapons and instruments of war, and with them all military glory perished; which must be understood as a poetical figure, exaggerating their military characters; otherwise David, and many mighty men with him, remained, and who revived and increased the military glory of Israel, as the following history shows.

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Ayat / Catatan Kaki

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:1 Ziklag was a city in the Negev which had been given to David by Achish king of Gath. For more than a year David used it as a base from which he conduc...

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:2 Heb “he fell to the ground and did obeisance.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:4 Heb “fell and died.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:5 Instead of the MT “who was recounting this to him, ‘How do you know that Saul and his son Jonathan are dead?’” the Syriac Pesh...

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:6 The Syriac Peshitta and one ms of the LXX lack the words “who was telling him this” of the MT.

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:8 The present translation reads with the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss “and I said,” rather than the Kethib which has “and he said...

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:9 The Hebrew text here is grammatically very awkward (Heb “because all still my life in me”). Whether the broken construct phrase is due to ...

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:10 The claims that the soldier is making here seem to contradict the story of Saul’s death as presented in 1 Sam 31:3-5. In that passage it appears...

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:11 The present translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading “his garments,” rather than “his garment,” th...

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:13 The Hebrew word used here refers to a foreigner whose social standing was something less than that of native residents of the land, but something more...

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:15 Heb “young men.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:18 The Book of Yashar is a noncanonical writing no longer in existence. It is referred to here and in Josh 10:12-13 and 1 Kgs 8:12-13. It apparently was ...

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:19 The word beauty is used figuratively here to refer to Saul and Jonathan.

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:20 The cities of Gath and Ashkelon are mentioned here by synecdoche of part for the whole. As major Philistine cities they in fact represent all of Phili...

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:21 It is preferable to read here Hebrew מָשׁוּחַ (mashuakh) with many Hebrew mss, rather than מ...

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:22 The Hebrew imperfect verbal form is used here to indicate repeated past action.

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:23 Heb “beloved and dear.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:24 Clothing of scarlet was expensive and beyond the financial reach of most people.

NET Notes: 2Sa 1:27 The expression weapons of war may here be a figurative way of referring to Saul and Jonathan.

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:1 Now it came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag; Th...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:2 It came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with ( a ) his clothes rent, and earth upon his head: and [s...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:6 And the young man that told him said, ( b ) As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and h...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:8 And he said unto me, Who [art] thou? And I answered him, I [am] an ( c ) Amalekite. ( c ) He was an Amalekite born, but renounced his country and joi...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:9 He said unto me again, Stand, I pray thee, upon me, and slay me: for anguish is come upon me, because my ( d ) life [is] yet whole in me. ( d ) I am ...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:13 ( e ) And David said unto the young man that told him, Whence [art] thou? And he answered, I [am] the son of a stranger, an Amalekite. ( e ) After th...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:16 And David said unto him, ( f ) Thy blood [be] upon thy head; for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the LORD'S anointed. ( f...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:18 (Also he bade them teach the children of Judah ( g ) [the use of] the bow: behold, [it is] written in the book of Jasher.) ( g ) That they might be a...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:19 The beauty of Israel is ( h ) slain upon thy high places: how are the mighty fallen! ( h ) Meaning Saul.

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:21 Ye mountains of Gilboa, [let there be] no dew, neither [let there be] rain, upon you, nor ( i ) fields of offerings: for there the shield of the might...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:23 Saul and Jonathan [were] lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not ( k ) divided: they were swifter than eagles, they were ...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:24 Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, ( l ) with [other] delights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel. ( l ...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 1:26 I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: very pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of ( m ) women. (...

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Rentang Ayat

MHCC: 2Sa 1:1-10 - --The blow which opened David's way to the throne was given about the time he had been sorely distressed. Those who commit their concerns to the Lord, w...

MHCC: 2Sa 1:11-16 - --David was sincere in his mourning for Saul; and all with him humbled themselves under the hand of God, laid so heavily upon Israel by this defeat. The...

MHCC: 2Sa 1:17-27 - --Kasheth, or " the bow," probably was the title of this mournful, funeral song. David does not commend Saul for what he was not; and says nothing of h...

Matthew Henry: 2Sa 1:1-10 - -- Here is, I. David settling again in Ziklag, his own city, after he had rescued his family and friends out of the hands of the Amalekites (2Sa 1:1): ...

Matthew Henry: 2Sa 1:11-16 - -- Here is, I. David's reception of these tidings. So far was he from falling into a transport of joy, as the Amalekite expected, that he fell into a p...

Matthew Henry: 2Sa 1:17-27 - -- When David had rent his clothes, mourned, and wept, and fasted, for the death of Saul, and done justice upon him who made himself guilty of it, one ...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 1:1-16 - -- David receives the news of Saul's death . - 2Sa 1:1-4. After the death of Saul, and David's return to Ziklag from his campaign against the Amalekit...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 1:17-18 - -- David's elegy upon Saul and Jonathan. - An eloquent testimony to the depth and sincerity of David's grief for the death of Saul is handed down to u...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 1:19 - -- The ode is arranged in three strophes, which gradually diminish in force and sweep (viz., 2Sa 1:19-24, 2Sa 1:25-26, 2Sa 1:27), and in which the vehe...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 1:20 - -- The tidings of this mourning were not to be carried out among the enemies of Israel, lest they should rejoice thereat. Such rejoicing would only inc...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 1:21 - -- Even nature is to join in the mourning. May God withdraw His blessing from the mountains upon which the heroes have fallen, that they may not be moi...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 1:22 - -- Such was the ignominy experienced upon Gilboa by those who had always fought so bravely, that their bow and sword did not turn back until it was sat...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 1:23-24 - -- In death as in life, the two heroes were not divided, for they were alike in bravery and courage. Notwithstanding their difference of character, and...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 1:25-26 - -- The second strophe (2Sa 1:25 and 2Sa 1:26) only applies to the friendship of Jonathan: 25 Oh how are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle!...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 1:27 - -- The third strophe (2Sa 1:27) contains simply a brief aftertone of sorrow, in which the ode does away: Oh how are the mighty fallen, The instrumen...

Constable: 2Sa 1:1--8:18 - --V. DAVID'S TRIUMPHS chs. 1--8 The first 20 chapters of 2 Samuel are divisible into four uni...

Constable: 2Sa 1:1--3:6 - --A. The Beginning of David's Kingdom 1:1-3:5 The present section begins with Yahweh's destruction of Saul...

Constable: 2Sa 1:1-27 - --1. David's discovery of Saul and Jonathan's deaths ch. 1 First Samuel 31 and 2 Samuel 1 record t...

Constable: 2Sa 1:1-16 - --An Amalekite's account of Saul and Jonathan's deaths 1:1-16 The young Amalekite must hav...

Constable: 2Sa 1:17-27 - --David's lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 Students of David's lament over Saul and Jo...

Guzik: 2Sa 1:1-27 - David Mourns the Death of Saul 2 Samuel 1 - David Mourns the Death of Saul A. David learns of Saul and Jonathan's death. 1. (1-4) David hears the news in Ziklag. Now it came to ...

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Pendahuluan / Garis Besar

JFB: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) THE FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF SAMUEL. The two were, by the ancient Jews, conjoined so as to make one book, and in that form could be called the Book o...

JFB: 2 Samuel (Garis Besar) AN AMALEKITE BRINGS TIDINGS OF SAUL'S DEATH. (2Sa. 1:1-16) DAVID LAMENTS SAUL AND JONATHAN. (2Sa 1:17-27) DAVID, BY GOD'S DIRECTION, GOES UP TO HEBRO...

TSK: 2 Samuel 1 (Pendahuluan Pasal) Overview 2Sa 1:1, The Amalekite, who brought tidings of the overthrow, and accused himself of Saul’s death, is slain; 2Sa 1:17, David laments Sa...

Poole: 2 Samuel 1 (Pendahuluan Pasal) SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL OTHERWISE CALLED THE SECOND BOOK OF THE KINGS 2 SAMUEL CHAPTER 1 David being at Ziklag receiveth tidings by an Amalekite of Sa...

MHCC: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) This book is the history of the reign of king David. It relates his victories, the growth of the prosperity of Israel, and his reformation of the stat...

MHCC: 2 Samuel 1 (Pendahuluan Pasal) (2Sa 1:1-10) Tidings brought to David of the death of Saul. (2Sa 1:11-16) The Amalekite is put to death. (2Sa 1:17-27) David's lamentation for Saul ...

Matthew Henry: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Second Book of Samuel This book is the history of the reign of king David. We had in the foregoing ...

Matthew Henry: 2 Samuel 1 (Pendahuluan Pasal) In the close of the foregoing book (with which this is connected as a continuation of the same history) we had Saul's exit; he went down slain to t...

Constable: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) Introduction Second Samuel continues the history begun in 1 Samuel. Please see my comments regarding 2 Samuel's title, d...

Constable: 2 Samuel (Garis Besar) Outline (Continued from notes on 1 Samuel) V. David's triumphs chs. 1-8 ...

Constable: 2 Samuel 2 Samuel Bibliography Achtemeier, Paul J., and Elizabeth Achtemeier. The Old Testament Roots of Our Faith. Phil...

Haydock: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) THE SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL; otherwise called, THE SECOND BOOK OF KINGS. INTRODUCTION. This Book contains the transactions of David till the end ...

Gill: 2 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) INTRODUCTION TO 2 SAMUEL This book, in many copies of the Hebrew Bible, is carried on without any new title put unto it; the reason of it is, becau...

Gill: 2 Samuel 1 (Pendahuluan Pasal) INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL 1 This chapter contains an account of the death of Saul and Jonathan, as related to David by an Amalekite, 2Sa 1:1; o...

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