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Teks -- 1 Samuel 7:1-17 (NET)

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Konteks
7:1 Then the people of Kiriath Jearim came and took the ark of the Lord; they brought it to the house of Abinadab located on the hill. They consecrated Eleazar his son to guard the ark of the Lord.
Further Conflict with the Philistines
7:2 It was quite a long time– some twenty years in all– that the ark stayed at Kiriath Jearim. All the people of Israel longed for the Lord. 7:3 Samuel said to all the people of Israel, “If you are really turning to the Lord with all your hearts, remove from among you the foreign gods and the images of Ashtoreth. Give your hearts to the Lord and serve only him. Then he will deliver you from the hand of the Philistines.” 7:4 So the Israelites removed the Baals and images of Ashtoreth. They served only the Lord. 7:5 Then Samuel said, “Gather all Israel to Mizpah, and I will pray to the Lord on your behalf.” 7:6 After they had assembled at Mizpah, they drew water and poured it out before the Lord. They fasted on that day, and they confessed there, “We have sinned against the Lord.” So Samuel led the people of Israel at Mizpah. 7:7 When the Philistines heard that the Israelites had gathered at Mizpah, the leaders of the Philistines went up against Israel. When the Israelites heard about this, they were afraid of the Philistines. 7:8 The Israelites said to Samuel, “Keep crying out to the Lord our God so that he may save us from the hand of the Philistines!” 7:9 So Samuel took a nursing lamb and offered it as a whole burnt offering to the Lord. Samuel cried out to the Lord on Israel’s behalf, and the Lord answered him. 7:10 As Samuel was offering burnt offerings, the Philistines approached to do battle with Israel. But on that day the Lord thundered loudly against the Philistines. He caused them to panic, and they were defeated by Israel. 7:11 Then the men of Israel left Mizpah and chased the Philistines, striking them down all the way to an area below Beth Car. 7:12 Samuel took a stone and placed it between Mizpah and Shen. He named it Ebenezer, saying, “Up to here the Lord has helped us.” 7:13 So the Philistines were defeated; they did not invade Israel again. The hand of the Lord was against the Philistines all the days of Samuel. 7:14 The cities that the Philistines had captured from Israel were returned to Israel, from Ekron to Gath. Israel also delivered their territory from the control of the Philistines. There was also peace between Israel and the Amorites. 7:15 So Samuel led Israel all the days of his life. 7:16 Year after year he used to travel the circuit of Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpah; he used to judge Israel in all of these places. 7:17 Then he would return to Ramah, because his home was there. He also judged Israel there and built an altar to the Lord there.
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Nama Orang, Nama Tempat, Topik/Tema Kamus

Nama Orang dan Nama Tempat:
 · Abinadab the Levite who received the ark back from the Philistines,the son of Jesse, David's brother,the son of Saul of Benjami
 · Amorites members of a pre-Israel Semitic tribe from Mesopotamia
 · Ashtaroth pagan god images of the Canaanite goddess Ashtoreth,a town of Manasseh about 35 km east of the sea of Chinnereth
 · Baal a pagan god,a title of a pagan god,a town in the Negeb on the border of Simeon and Judah,son of Reaiah son of Micah; a descendant of Reuben,the forth son of Jeiel, the Benjamite
 · Beth-car a place more or less west of Mizpah (ZD)
 · Beth-Car a place more or less west of Mizpah (ZD)
 · Bethel a town of Benjamin bordering Ephraim 18 km north of Jerusalem
 · Ebenezer a place just west of Aphek in Manasseh,a place near Bethel in Benjamin
 · Ekron a town in the western foothills of Judah,residents of the town of Ekron
 · Eleazar a son of Eliud; the father of Matthan; an ancestor of Jesus.,a chief priest; son of Aaron,son of Abinadab; caretaker of the Ark at Kiriath-Jearim,son of Dodo the Ahohite; one of David's military elite,son of Mahli the Levite,a priest who participated in the dedication of the wall,a priest under Ezra; son of Phinehas,a layman of the Parosh clan who put away his heathen wife
 · Gath a town of the Anakim and Philistines in Judah 12 km south. of Ekron
 · Gilgal a place where Israel encamped between Jericho and the Jordan,a town between Dor and Tirza in the territory of Ephraim (YC),a town just north of Joppa, originally a military base (YC),a place 12 miles south of Shechem now called Jiljiliah (YC)
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jeshanah a town 9 km NNE of Bethel & 7 km SSW of Shiloh
 · Mizpah a town of Moab
 · Philistines a sea people coming from Crete in 1200BC to the coast of Canaan
 · Ramah a town 8 km north of Jerusalem,a town of Simeon,a town of Benjamin 9 km north of Jerusalem and 8 km south of Bethel (OS),a town on the border of Asher (OS),a town of Ephraim 10 km SE of Aphek, and 25 km east of Joppa,a town in Gilead 50-60 km east of Beth-Shan
 · Samuel son of Ammihud; Moses' land distribution deputy for Simeon,son of Tola son of Issachar


Topik/Tema Kamus: Samuel | Philistines | PRAYER | David | Mizpah | SAMUEL, BOOKS OF | JUDGES, PERIOD OF | Intercession | SOREK, VALLEY OF | MEDIATION; MEDIATOR | Abinadab | EBEN-EZER | Eleazar | Revivals | God | TABERNACLE, A | Judge | Repentance | Judges, Book of | Shen | selebihnya
Daftar Isi

Catatan Kata/Frasa
Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Defender , TSK

Catatan Kata/Frasa
Poole , Haydock , Gill

Catatan Ayat / Catatan Kaki
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Catatan Rentang Ayat
Maclaren , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Keil-Delitzsch , Constable , Guzik

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Wesley: 1Sa 7:1 - Fetch up That is, by the priests appointed to that work.

That is, by the priests appointed to that work.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:1 - Hill This place they chose, both because it was a strong place, where it would be the most safe; and an high place, and therefore visible at some distance,...

This place they chose, both because it was a strong place, where it would be the most safe; and an high place, and therefore visible at some distance, which was convenient for them, who were at that time to direct their prayers and faces towards the ark. And for the same reason David afterwards placed it in the hill of Sion.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:1 - Sanctified Eleazar Not that they made him either Levite or Priest; for in Israel persons were not made but born such; but they devoted, or set him apart wholly to attend...

Not that they made him either Levite or Priest; for in Israel persons were not made but born such; but they devoted, or set him apart wholly to attend upon this work.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:1 - His son Him they chose rather than his father, because he was younger and stronger, and probably freed from domestic cares, which might divert him from, or di...

Him they chose rather than his father, because he was younger and stronger, and probably freed from domestic cares, which might divert him from, or disturb him in this work.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:1 - To keep the ark To keep the place where it was, clean, and to guard it that none might touch it, but such as God allowed to do so.

To keep the place where it was, clean, and to guard it that none might touch it, but such as God allowed to do so.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:2 - Kirjath jearim - Where it continued, and was not carried to Shiloh its former place, either because that place was destroyed by the Philistines when the ark w...

jearim - Where it continued, and was not carried to Shiloh its former place, either because that place was destroyed by the Philistines when the ark was taken, or because God would hereby punish the wickedness of the people of Israel, by keeping it in a private place near the Philistines, whether the generality of the people durst not come.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:2 - Twenty years He saith not, that this twenty years was all the time of the ark's abode there, for it continued there from Eli's time 'till David's reign, 2Sa 6:2, w...

He saith not, that this twenty years was all the time of the ark's abode there, for it continued there from Eli's time 'till David's reign, 2Sa 6:2, which was forty years: but that it was so long there before the Israelites were sensible of their sin and misery.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:2 - Lamented That is, they followed after God with lamentations for his departure, and prayers for his return.

That is, they followed after God with lamentations for his departure, and prayers for his return.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:3 - Spake To all the rulers and people too, as he had occasion in his circuit, described below, mixing exhortation to repentance, with his judicial administrati...

To all the rulers and people too, as he had occasion in his circuit, described below, mixing exhortation to repentance, with his judicial administrations.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:3 - If If you do indeed what you profess, if you are resolved to go on in that which you seem to have begun.

If you do indeed what you profess, if you are resolved to go on in that which you seem to have begun.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:3 - With all your heart Sincerely and in good earnest.

Sincerely and in good earnest.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:3 - Put Out of your houses, where some of you keep them; and out of your hearts, where they still have an interest in many of you.

Out of your houses, where some of you keep them; and out of your hearts, where they still have an interest in many of you.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:3 - Ashtaroth And especially, Ashtaroth, whom they, together with the neighbouring nations, did more eminently worship.

And especially, Ashtaroth, whom they, together with the neighbouring nations, did more eminently worship.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:3 - Prepare your hearts By purging them from all sin, and particularly from all inclinations to other gods.

By purging them from all sin, and particularly from all inclinations to other gods.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:6 - Poured it out As an external sign, whereby they testified, both their own filthiness and need of washing by the grace and Spirit of God, and blood of the covenant, ...

As an external sign, whereby they testified, both their own filthiness and need of washing by the grace and Spirit of God, and blood of the covenant, and their sincere desire to pour out their hearts before the Lord, in true repentance, and to cleanse themselves from all filthiness of flesh and spirit.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:6 - Before the Lord That is, in the public assembly, where God is in a special manner present.

That is, in the public assembly, where God is in a special manner present.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:6 - Judged That is, governed them, reformed all abuses against God or man, took care that the laws of God should be observed, and wilful transgressions punished.

That is, governed them, reformed all abuses against God or man, took care that the laws of God should be observed, and wilful transgressions punished.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:7 - Went up With an army, suspecting the effects of their general convention, and intending to nip them in the bud.

With an army, suspecting the effects of their general convention, and intending to nip them in the bud.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:7 - Afraid Being a company of unarmed persons, and unfit for battle. When sinners begin to repent and reform, they must expect Satan will muster all his forces a...

Being a company of unarmed persons, and unfit for battle. When sinners begin to repent and reform, they must expect Satan will muster all his forces against them, and set his instruments at work to the uttermost, to oppose and discourage them.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:8 - Cease not, &c. _We are afraid to look God in the face, because of our great wickedness: do thou therefore intercede for us, as Moses did for his generation. They had...

_We are afraid to look God in the face, because of our great wickedness: do thou therefore intercede for us, as Moses did for his generation. They had reason to expect this, because he had promised to pray for them, had promised them deliverance from the Philistines, and they had been observant of him, in all that he had spoken to them from the Lord. Thus they who receive Christ as their lawgiver and judge, need not doubt of their interest in his intercession. O what a comfort is it to all believers, that he never ceaseth, but always appears in the presence of God for us.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:9 - Cried And he cried unto the Lord. He made intercession with the sacrifice. So Christ intercedes in virtue of his satisfaction. And in all our prayers we mus...

And he cried unto the Lord. He made intercession with the sacrifice. So Christ intercedes in virtue of his satisfaction. And in all our prayers we must have an eye to his great oblation, depending on him for audience and acceptance.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:12 - A stone A rude unpolished stone, which was not prohibited by that law, Lev 26:1, there being no danger of worshipping such a stone, and this being set up only...

A rude unpolished stone, which was not prohibited by that law, Lev 26:1, there being no danger of worshipping such a stone, and this being set up only as a monument of the victory.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:12 - Eben ezer - That is, the stone of help. And this victory was gained in the very same place where the Israelites received their former fatal loss.

ezer - That is, the stone of help. And this victory was gained in the very same place where the Israelites received their former fatal loss.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:12 - Helped us He hath begun to help us, though not compleatly to deliver us. By which wary expression, he exciteth both their thankfulness for their mercy received,...

He hath begun to help us, though not compleatly to deliver us. By which wary expression, he exciteth both their thankfulness for their mercy received, and their holy fear and care to please and serve the Lord, that he might help and deliver them effectually.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:13 - Came no more That is, with a great host, but only with straggling parties, or garrisons.

That is, with a great host, but only with straggling parties, or garrisons.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:13 - All the days, &c. All the days of Samuel that is, while Samuel was their sole judge, or ruler; for in Saul's time they did come.

All the days of Samuel that is, while Samuel was their sole judge, or ruler; for in Saul's time they did come.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:14 - Peace An agreement for the cessation of all acts of hostility.

An agreement for the cessation of all acts of hostility.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:14 - Amorites That is, the Canaanites, often called Amorites, because these were formerly the most valiant of all those nations, and the first Enemies which the Isr...

That is, the Canaanites, often called Amorites, because these were formerly the most valiant of all those nations, and the first Enemies which the Israelites met with, when they went to take possession of their land. They made this peace with the Canaanites, that they might he more at leisure to oppose the Philistines, now their most potent enemies.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:15 - Samuel judged For though Saul was king in Samuel's last days, yet Samuel did not cease to be a judge, being so made by God's extraordinary call, which Saul could no...

For though Saul was king in Samuel's last days, yet Samuel did not cease to be a judge, being so made by God's extraordinary call, which Saul could not destroy; and therefore Samuel did sometimes, upon great occasions, tho' not ordinarily, exercise the office of judge after the beginning of Saul's reign; and the years of the rule of Saul and Samuel are joined together, Act 13:20-21.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:16 - In all places He went to those several places, in compliance with the people, whose convenience he was willing to purchase with his own trouble, as an itinerant jud...

He went to those several places, in compliance with the people, whose convenience he was willing to purchase with his own trouble, as an itinerant judge and preacher; and by his presence in several parts, he could the better observe, and rectify all sorts of miscarriages.

Wesley: 1Sa 7:17 - Built an altar That by joining sacrifices with his prayers, he might the better obtain direction and assistance from God upon all emergencies. And this was done by p...

That by joining sacrifices with his prayers, he might the better obtain direction and assistance from God upon all emergencies. And this was done by prophetical inspiration, as appears by God's acceptance of the sacrifices offered upon it. Indeed Shiloh being now laid waste, and no other place yet appointed for them to bring their offerings to, the law which obliged them to one place, was for the present suspended. Therefore, as the patriarchs did, he built an altar where he lived: and that not only for the use of his own family, but for the good of the country who resorted to it.

JFB: 1Sa 7:1 - the men of Kirjath-jearim "the city of woods," also Kirjath-baal (Jos 15:60; Jos 18:14; 1Ch 13:5-6). It was the nearest town to Beth-shemesh and stood on a hill. This was the r...

"the city of woods," also Kirjath-baal (Jos 15:60; Jos 18:14; 1Ch 13:5-6). It was the nearest town to Beth-shemesh and stood on a hill. This was the reason of the message (1Sa 6:21), and why this was chosen for the convenience of people turning their faces to the ark (1Ki 8:29-35; Psa 28:2; Dan 6:10).

JFB: 1Sa 7:1 - brought it into the house of Abinadab in the hill Why it was not transported at once to Shiloh where the tabernacle and sacred vessels were remaining, is difficult to conjecture.

Why it was not transported at once to Shiloh where the tabernacle and sacred vessels were remaining, is difficult to conjecture.

JFB: 1Sa 7:1 - sanctified . . . his son He was not a Levite, and was therefore only set apart or appointed to be keeper of the place.

He was not a Levite, and was therefore only set apart or appointed to be keeper of the place.

JFB: 1Sa 7:2 - the ark abode in Kirjath-jearim . . . twenty years It appears, in the subsequent history, that a much longer period elapsed before its final removal from Kirjath-jearim (2Sa. 6:1-19; 1Ch 13:1-14). But ...

It appears, in the subsequent history, that a much longer period elapsed before its final removal from Kirjath-jearim (2Sa. 6:1-19; 1Ch 13:1-14). But that length of time had passed when the Israelites began to revive from their sad state of religious decline. The capture of the ark had produced a general indifference either as to its loss or its recovery.

JFB: 1Sa 7:2 - all the house of Israel lamented after the Lord They were then brought, doubtless by the influence of Samuel's exhortations, to renounce idolatry, and to return to the national worship of the true G...

They were then brought, doubtless by the influence of Samuel's exhortations, to renounce idolatry, and to return to the national worship of the true God.

JFB: 1Sa 7:3-6 - Samuel spake unto all the house of Israel A great national reformation was effected through the influence of Samuel. Disgusted with their foreign servitude, and panting for the restoration of ...

A great national reformation was effected through the influence of Samuel. Disgusted with their foreign servitude, and panting for the restoration of liberty and independence, they were open to salutary impressions; and convinced of their errors, they renounced idolatry. The re-establishment of the faith of their fathers was inaugurated at a great public meeting, held at Mizpeh in Judah, and hallowed by the observance of impressive religious solemnities. The drawing water, and pouring it out before the Lord, seems to have been a symbolical act by which, in the people's name, Samuel testified their sense of national corruption, their need of that moral purification of which water is the emblem, and their sincere desire to pour out their hearts in repentance before God.

JFB: 1Sa 7:6 - Samuel judged . . . Israel in Mizpeh At the time of Eli's death he could not have much exceeded twenty years of age; and although his character and position must have given him great infl...

At the time of Eli's death he could not have much exceeded twenty years of age; and although his character and position must have given him great influence, it does not appear that hitherto he had done more than prophets were wont to do. Now he entered on the duties of a civil magistrate.

JFB: 1Sa 7:7-11 - when the Philistines heard, &c. The character and importance of the national convention at Mizpeh were fully appreciated by the Philistines. They discerned in it the rising spirit of...

The character and importance of the national convention at Mizpeh were fully appreciated by the Philistines. They discerned in it the rising spirit of religious patriotism among the Israelites that was prepared to throw off the yoke of their domination. Anxious to crush it at the first, they made a sudden incursion while the Israelites were in the midst of their solemn celebration. Unprepared for resistance, they besought Samuel to supplicate the divine interposition to save them from their enemies. The prophet's prayers and sacrifice were answered by such a tremendous storm of thunder and lightning that the assailants, panic-struck, were disordered and fled. The Israelites, recognizing the hand of God, rushed courageously on the foe they had so much dreaded and committed such immense havoc, that the Philistines did not for long recover from this disastrous blow. This brilliant victory secured peace and independence to Israel for twenty years, as well as the restitution of the usurped territory.

JFB: 1Sa 7:12 - Samuel took a stone, and set it between Mizpeh and Shen On an open spot between the town and "the crag" (some well-known rock in the neighborhood). A huge stone pillar was erected as a monument of their vic...

On an open spot between the town and "the crag" (some well-known rock in the neighborhood). A huge stone pillar was erected as a monument of their victory (Lev 26:1). The name--Eben-ezer--is thought to have been written on the face of it.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:1 - Fetched up the ark Fetched up the ark - When these people received the message of the Beth-shemites, they probably consulted Samuel, with whom was the counsel of the L...

Fetched up the ark - When these people received the message of the Beth-shemites, they probably consulted Samuel, with whom was the counsel of the Lord, and he had encouraged them to go and bring it up, else they might have expected such destruction as happened to the Beth-shemites

Clarke: 1Sa 7:1 - Sanctified Eleazar Sanctified Eleazar - Perhaps this sanctifying signifies no more than setting this man apart, simply to take care of the ark.

Sanctified Eleazar - Perhaps this sanctifying signifies no more than setting this man apart, simply to take care of the ark.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:2 - It was twenty years It was twenty years - This chapter contains the transactions of at least twenty years, but we know not the date of each event.

It was twenty years - This chapter contains the transactions of at least twenty years, but we know not the date of each event.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:3 - And Samuel spake And Samuel spake - We have heard nothing of this judge since he served in the tabernacle. He was now grown up, and established for a prophet in the ...

And Samuel spake - We have heard nothing of this judge since he served in the tabernacle. He was now grown up, and established for a prophet in the land of Israel

Clarke: 1Sa 7:3 - If ye do return If ye do return - From your backsliding and idolatry

If ye do return - From your backsliding and idolatry

Clarke: 1Sa 7:3 - With all your hearts With all your hearts - For outward services and professions will avail nothing

With all your hearts - For outward services and professions will avail nothing

Clarke: 1Sa 7:3 - Put away the strange gods Put away the strange gods - Destroy their images, altars, and groves: they are strange; you do not know them as helpers, saviours, or defenders

Put away the strange gods - Destroy their images, altars, and groves: they are strange; you do not know them as helpers, saviours, or defenders

Clarke: 1Sa 7:3 - Prepare your hearts Prepare your hearts - Let your hearts be straight and steady

Prepare your hearts - Let your hearts be straight and steady

Clarke: 1Sa 7:3 - And serve him only And serve him only - Have no other religious service but his, and obey his laws

And serve him only - Have no other religious service but his, and obey his laws

Clarke: 1Sa 7:3 - He will deliver you He will deliver you - Vain are your own exertions; he will deliver you in such a way as to show that the excellence of the power is of himself alone...

He will deliver you - Vain are your own exertions; he will deliver you in such a way as to show that the excellence of the power is of himself alone.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:4 - Put away Baalim and Ashtaroth Put away Baalim and Ashtaroth - These were not two particular deities, but two genera of idols; the one masculine, Baalim; the other feminine, Ashta...

Put away Baalim and Ashtaroth - These were not two particular deities, but two genera of idols; the one masculine, Baalim; the other feminine, Ashtaroth; both the words are in the plural number, and signify all their gods and goddesses.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:5 - Gather all Israel to Mizpeh Gather all Israel to Mizpeh - This appears to have been an armed assembly, though probably collected principally for religious and political purpose...

Gather all Israel to Mizpeh - This appears to have been an armed assembly, though probably collected principally for religious and political purposes; but Samuel knew that an unarmed multitude could not safely be convened in the vicinity of the Philistines.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:6 - Drew water, and poured it out Drew water, and poured it out - It is not easy to know what is meant by this; it is true that pouring out water, in the way of libation, was a relig...

Drew water, and poured it out - It is not easy to know what is meant by this; it is true that pouring out water, in the way of libation, was a religious ordinance among the Hebrews, (Isa 12:3), and among most other nations, particularly the Greeks and Romans, who used, not only water, but wine, milk, honey, and blood, as we find by Homer, Virgil, Euripides, Sophocles, Porphyry, and Lucian. Our Lord seems to allude to this ceremony, Joh 7:37-38 (note), where see the note

The Chaldee Paraphrast understands the place differently, for he translates: "And they poured out their hearts in penitence, as Waters, before the Lord."That deep penitential sorrow was represented under the notion of pouring out water, we have a direct proof in the case of David, who says, Psa 22:14, I am Poured Out like Water, my heart is like wax; it is Melted in the midst of my bowels. And to repentance, under this very similitude, the prophet exhorts fallen Jerusalem: Arise, cry out in the night; in the beginning of the watches Pour Out thine Heart Like Water before the face of the Lord; Lam 2:19. David uses the same image, Psa 62:8 : Trust in him at all times, ye people; Pour Out your hearts before him. The same figure is used by Hannah in 1Sa 1:15 of this book; I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit; I have Poured Out my soul before the Lord. Perhaps the drawing and pouring out of water mentioned in the text was done emblematically, to represent the contrition of their hearts

Clarke: 1Sa 7:6 - And Samuel judged And Samuel judged - He gave them ordinances, heard and redressed grievances, and taught them how to get reconciled to God. The assembly, therefore, ...

And Samuel judged - He gave them ordinances, heard and redressed grievances, and taught them how to get reconciled to God. The assembly, therefore, was held for religio-politico-military purposes.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:7 - The Philistines went up against Israel The Philistines went up against Israel - They went to give them battle before that, by continual accessions of numbers, they should become too power...

The Philistines went up against Israel - They went to give them battle before that, by continual accessions of numbers, they should become too powerful.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:8 - Cease not to cry unto the Lord Cease not to cry unto the Lord - They had strong confidence in the intercession of Samuel, because they knew he was a holy man of God.

Cease not to cry unto the Lord - They had strong confidence in the intercession of Samuel, because they knew he was a holy man of God.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:9 - Samuel took a sucking lamb Samuel took a sucking lamb - This sucking lamb must have been eight days under its mother before it could be offered, as the law says, Lev 22:27 Tho...

Samuel took a sucking lamb - This sucking lamb must have been eight days under its mother before it could be offered, as the law says, Lev 22:27

Though Samuel was not a priest, yet he offered this sacrifice; or he might have ordered Eleazar to offer it, and still be said to have done it himself: Qui facit per alterum, facit per se ; "He who procures a thing to be done, may be said to do it himself."His not sacrificing at the tabernacle was justified by the necessity of the case; neither tabernacle nor ark was at hand.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:10 - The Lord thundered with a great thunder The Lord thundered with a great thunder - Literally, The Lord thundered with a great voice - he confounded them with a mighty tempest of thunder and...

The Lord thundered with a great thunder - Literally, The Lord thundered with a great voice - he confounded them with a mighty tempest of thunder and lightning, and no doubt slew many by the lightning.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:11 - Under Beth-car Under Beth-car - We know not where this place was; the Septuagint have Beth-chor; the Targum, Beth-saron; and the Syriac and Arabic, Beth-jasan.

Under Beth-car - We know not where this place was; the Septuagint have Beth-chor; the Targum, Beth-saron; and the Syriac and Arabic, Beth-jasan.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:12 - Called the name of it Eben-ezer Called the name of it Eben-ezer - אבן העזר Eben haezer , "The Stone of Help;"perhaps a pillar is meant by the word stone.

Called the name of it Eben-ezer - אבן העזר Eben haezer , "The Stone of Help;"perhaps a pillar is meant by the word stone.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:13 - They came no more into the coast of Israel They came no more into the coast of Israel - Perhaps a more signal victory was never gained by Israel; the Lord had brought them low, almost to exte...

They came no more into the coast of Israel - Perhaps a more signal victory was never gained by Israel; the Lord had brought them low, almost to extermination; and now, by his miraculous interference, he lifts them completely up, and humbles to the dust their proud oppressors. God often suffers nations and individuals to be brought to the lowest extremity, that he may show his mercy and goodness by suddenly rescuing them from destruction, when all human help has most evidently failed.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:14 - The cities which the Philistines had taken The cities which the Philistines had taken - We are not informed of the particulars of these reprisals, but we may rest assured all this was not don...

The cities which the Philistines had taken - We are not informed of the particulars of these reprisals, but we may rest assured all this was not done in one day: perhaps the retaking of the cities was by slow degrees, through the space of several years

Clarke: 1Sa 7:14 - There was peace between Israel and the Amorites There was peace between Israel and the Amorites - That is, all the remaining Canaanites kept quiet, and did not attempt to molest the Israelites, wh...

There was peace between Israel and the Amorites - That is, all the remaining Canaanites kept quiet, and did not attempt to molest the Israelites, when they found the Philistines, the most powerful of the ancient inhabitants of the land, broken and subdued before them.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:15 - Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life - Samuel is supposed to have lived one hundred years; he did not begin to judge Israel till he was abo...

Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life - Samuel is supposed to have lived one hundred years; he did not begin to judge Israel till he was about forty years of age; and if he was one hundred years of age when he died, he must have been a judge sixty years, and consequently filled that office during the whole of Saul’ s reign. But that he had been dead before Saul’ s last battle, is evident from the transactions of that king with the witch of En-dor, and probably not long before. Samuel was the prophet of that time; declared the will of the Lord, and frequently directed both the civil and military transactions of the kingdom. Samuel seems, in many respects, to have been considered the governor of the people, while Saul was only looked on as the general of the armies.

Clarke: 1Sa 7:16 - He went from year to year in circuit He went from year to year in circuit - When he was at Beth-el, the tribe of Ephraim, and all the northern parts of the country, could attend him; wh...

He went from year to year in circuit - When he was at Beth-el, the tribe of Ephraim, and all the northern parts of the country, could attend him; when at Gilgal, the tribe of Benjamin, and those beyond Jordan, might have easy access to him; and when at Mizpeh, he was within reach of Judah, Simeon, and Gad; but Ramah was the place of his ordinary abode; and there he held his court, for there he judged Israel; and, as it is probable that Shiloh was destroyed, it is said, 1Sa 7:17, that there (viz., at Ramah) he built an altar unto the Lord. This altar, being duly consecrated, the worship performed at it was strictly legal. Ramah, which is said to be about six miles from Jerusalem, was the seat of prophecy during the life of Samuel; and there it is probable all Israel came to consult him on matters of a spiritual nature, as there was the only altar of God in the land of Israel.

Defender: 1Sa 7:4 - Baalim and Ashtaroth The worship of Baal and Ashtoreth, the chief god and goddess of the Canaanites, as well as the Moabites, the Phoenicians, and many others, had been a ...

The worship of Baal and Ashtoreth, the chief god and goddess of the Canaanites, as well as the Moabites, the Phoenicians, and many others, had been a snare to Israel ever since the death of Joshua (Jdg 2:13) and continued until the time they were carried into exile in Babylon (Jer 32:28, Jer 32:29). "Baalim" and "Ashtaroth" are plural nouns, referring to the images of these false deities (actually these deities were mere personifications of natural phenomena - Ashtoreth, for example, was goddess of fertility) or to their various manifestations. The worship of these deities was commonly accompanied by unspeakably cruel and licentious rites, and largely accounts for God's command to Israel to destroy these idols out of the land."

Defender: 1Sa 7:12 - Eben-ezer "Eben-ezer" means "stone of help.""

"Eben-ezer" means "stone of help.""

Defender: 1Sa 7:13 - came no more The Philistines did continue to come against Israel from time to time (one example is 1Sa 9:16) but never with any measure of success in the days of S...

The Philistines did continue to come against Israel from time to time (one example is 1Sa 9:16) but never with any measure of success in the days of Samuel."

Defender: 1Sa 7:15 - Samuel judged Israel Samuel was the last of the judges, his tenure apparently beginning even before the death of Eli (1 Samuel 3:20-4:1). Eli himself, even though he was a...

Samuel was the last of the judges, his tenure apparently beginning even before the death of Eli (1 Samuel 3:20-4:1). Eli himself, even though he was a priest, may have also served as judge for approximately forty years before he died (1Sa 4:18), but this probably itself overlapped the times of Samson. The ark was carried away by the Philistines on the day of Eli's death. The ark stayed with them for seven months, then was returned to Israel and stayed in the house of Abinadab in Kirjath-jearim at least twenty years (1Sa 6:1; 1Sa 7:2) before Saul was made king. It was still many years after that when Samuel died at an old age shortly before Saul (1Sa 8:5; 1Sa 25:1). David finally brought the ark to Jerusalem from Abinadab's house (2Sa 6:2-12). If Saul's monarchy endured forty years (Act 13:21), Samuel must have judged Israel almost sixty years."

TSK: 1Sa 7:1 - Kirjathjearim // Abinadab Kirjathjearim : 1Sa 6:21; Jos 18:14; 2Sa 6:2; 1Ch 13:5, 1Ch 13:6; Psa 132:6 Abinadab : 2Sa 6:3, 2Sa 6:4; 1Ch 13:7; Isa 52:11

TSK: 1Sa 7:2 - lamented lamented : Jdg 2:4; Jer 3:13, Jer 3:22-25, Jer 31:9; Zec 12:10, Zec 12:11; Mat 5:4; 2Co 7:10, 2Co 7:11

TSK: 1Sa 7:3 - return // put away // prepare // serve him am 2884, bc 1120, An, Ex, Is, 371 return : Deu 30:2-10; 1Ki 8:48; Isa 55:7; Hos 6:1, Hos 6:2, Hos 14:1; Joe 2:12, Joe 2:13 put away : Gen 35:2; Jos 24...

TSK: 1Sa 7:4 - -- Jdg 2:11, Jdg 2:13, Jdg 10:15, Jdg 10:16; 1Ki 11:33; Hos 14:3, Hos 14:8

TSK: 1Sa 7:5 - Gather // Mizpeh // I will pray Gather : Neh 9:1; Joe 2:16 Mizpeh : 1Sa 7:12, 1Sa 7:16, 1Sa 10:17; Jos 15:38; Jdg 20:1; 2Ki 25:23 I will pray : 1Sa 12:23

TSK: 1Sa 7:6 - drew water // fasted // We have sinned // judged drew water : Grotius says, that the pouring out of water means the shedding of tears; and the Targum reads, ""And they poured out their hearts in peni...

drew water : Grotius says, that the pouring out of water means the shedding of tears; and the Targum reads, ""And they poured out their hearts in penitence, as waters, before the Lord.""Others suppose that it was done emblematically, to represent the contrition of their hearts, and their desire to wash away their past offences. But some learned men conceive that it was poured out as a libation, in token of joy, after they had fasted and confessed their sin, as they were wont to do in the feast of tabernacles. (See note on Num 29:35.) 1Sa 1:15; 2Sa 14:14; Job 16:20; Psa 6:6, Psa 42:3, Psa 119:136; Jer 9:1; Lam 2:11, Lam 2:18, Lam 3:49

fasted : 2Ch 20:3; Ezr 8:21-23; Neh 9:1-3; Dan 9:3-5; Joe 2:12; Jon 3:1-10

We have sinned : Lev 26:40; Jdg 10:10; 1Ki 8:47; Ezr 9:5-10; Job 33:27, Job 40:4, Job 42:6; Psa 38:3-8, Psa 106:6; Jer 3:13, Jer 3:14, Jer 31:19; Luk 15:18

judged : Jdg 3:10; Neh 9:27; Eze 20:4

TSK: 1Sa 7:7 - afraid afraid : 1Sa 13:6, 1Sa 17:11; Exo 14:10; 2Ch 20:3

TSK: 1Sa 7:8 - Cease Cease : etc. Heb. Be not silent from us from crying, 1Sa 12:19-24; Isa 37:4, Isa 62:1, Isa 62:6, Isa 62:7; Jam 5:16

Cease : etc. Heb. Be not silent from us from crying, 1Sa 12:19-24; Isa 37:4, Isa 62:1, Isa 62:6, Isa 62:7; Jam 5:16

TSK: 1Sa 7:9 - a sucking // cried unto // heard a sucking : 1Sa 7:17, 1Sa 6:14, 1Sa 6:15, 1Sa 9:12, 1Sa 10:8, 1Sa 16:2; Jdg 6:26, Jdg 6:28; 1Ki 18:30-38 cried unto : Psa 50:15, Psa 99:6; Jer 15:1; J...

TSK: 1Sa 7:10 - thundered // discomfited thundered : 1Sa 2:10, 1Sa 12:17; Exo 9:23-25; Jdg 5:8, Jdg 5:20; Psa 18:11-14, Psa 77:16-18, Psa 97:3, Psa 97:4; Rev 16:18-21 discomfited : Deu 20:3, ...

TSK: 1Sa 7:11 - Bethcar Bethcar : This place was probably situated in the tribe of Dan. Josephus calls it Κορραιοι the LXX Βαιθχορ Targum, Betḣsaron ...

Bethcar : This place was probably situated in the tribe of Dan. Josephus calls it Κορραιοι the LXX Βαιθχορ Targum, Betḣsaron ; Syriac and Arabic Betḣjasan ; by which Houbigant supposes is meant Beth -shan . 1Sa 7:11

TSK: 1Sa 7:12 - took a stone // Ebenezer // Hitherto took a stone : Gen 28:18, Gen 28:19, Gen 31:45-52, Gen 35:14; Jos 4:9, Jos 4:20-24, Jos 24:26, Jos 24:27; Isa 19:19 Ebenezer : that is, The stone of h...

TSK: 1Sa 7:13 - subdued // came no more // against subdued : Jdg 13:1 came no more : 1Sa 13:1-5 against : 1Sa 14:6-16, 1Sa 14:20-23, 1Sa 17:49-53, 1Sa 28:3-5, 1Sa 31:1-7

TSK: 1Sa 7:14 - peace peace : Deu 7:2, Deu 7:16; Jdg 4:17; Psa 106:34

TSK: 1Sa 7:15 - judged am 2873-2947, bc 1131-1057 judged : 1Sa 7:6, 1Sa 12:1, 1Sa 25:1; Jdg 2:16, Jdg 3:10, Jdg 3:11; Act 13:20, Act 13:21

am 2873-2947, bc 1131-1057

judged : 1Sa 7:6, 1Sa 12:1, 1Sa 25:1; Jdg 2:16, Jdg 3:10, Jdg 3:11; Act 13:20, Act 13:21

TSK: 1Sa 7:16 - he went // in circuit he went : When he was at Bethel, the tribe of Ephraim and all the northern parts of the country could attend him; when at Gilgal, the tribe of Benjami...

he went : When he was at Bethel, the tribe of Ephraim and all the northern parts of the country could attend him; when at Gilgal, the tribe of Benjamin and those beyond Jordan could have easy access to him; and when at Mizpeh, he was within the reach of Judah, Simeon, and Gad, but at Ramah was the place of his ordinary abode; and there he held his court, for there he judged Israel, and as it is probable that Shiloh was destroyed, it is said (1Sa 8:17) that there, i.e., at Ramah, ""he built an altar to the Lord."

in circuit : Heb. and he circuited, Jdg 5:10, Jdg 10:4, Jdg 12:14; Psa 75:2, Psa 82:3, Psa 82:4

TSK: 1Sa 7:17 - his return // he built his return : 1Sa 1:1, 1Sa 1:19, 1Sa 8:4, 1Sa 19:18-23 he built : 1Sa 11:15; Gen 12:7, Gen 12:8, Gen 33:20, Gen 35:7; Jdg 21:5; 1Ki 18:30-36

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Poole: 1Sa 7:1 - The men of Kirjath-jearim // Fetched up the ark // the house of Abinadab in the hill // Sanctified Eleazar The men of Kirjath-jearim gladly embraced the motion, as wisely considering that their great calamity was not to be charged upon the ark, but upon t...

The men of Kirjath-jearim gladly embraced the motion, as wisely considering that their great calamity was not to be charged upon the ark, but upon themselves, and their own carelessness, irreverence, and presumption, in looking into the ark. This place is elsewhere called Baalah , and Kirjath-baal , as is evident from Jos 15:9,60 18:14 1Ch 13:6,7 .

Fetched up the ark i.e. caused it to be brought up, to wit, by the priests appointed to that work, whom they could easily procure, and undoubtedly would do it, especially having been so lately warned of the great danger of violating God’ s commands in those matters. In Scripture use, men are commonly said to do that which they order or cause others to do. They chose

the house of Abinadab in the hill

because it was both a strong place, where it would be most safe; and a high place, and therefore visible at some distance, and to many persons, which was convenient for them, who were at that time to direct their prayers and faces towards the ark, 1Ki 8:29,30,35 Ps 28:2 138:2 Dan 6:10 . And for the same reason David afterwards placed it in the hill of Zion. Some translate the word in Gibeah . But that was in the tribe of Benjamin, Jos 18:28 Jud 19:14 , whereas this Kirjath-jearim was in the tribe of Judah, 1Ch 13:6,7 .

Sanctified Eleazar not that they made him either Levite or priest, as some would have it; for in Israel persons were not made, but born such; and since the institution of Levites and priests, none were made such that were born of other tribes or families: but that they devoted or set him apart (as this verb sometimes signifies) wholly to attend upon this work. They chose the son rather than his father, because he was younger and stronger, and probably freed from domestic cares, which might divert him from or disturb him in his work; or because he was more eminent for prudence or piety. To keep the ark of the Lord to keep the place where it was clean and neat, and to guard it, that none might approach or touch it but such as God required or allowed to do so.

Poole: 1Sa 7:2 - The ark abode in Kirjath-jearim // The house of Israel lamented after the Lord The ark abode in Kirjath-jearim and was not carried to Shiloh, its former place, either because that place was destroyed by the Philistines when the ...

The ark abode in Kirjath-jearim and was not carried to Shiloh, its former place, either because that place was destroyed by the Philistines when the ark was taken, as may be gathered from this history, compared with Jer 7:12,14 26:6,9 ; or because God would hereby punish the wickedness, either of that particular place of Shiloh, or of the people of Israel, by keeping it in a private and obscure place, and that near to the Philistines, whither the generality of the people neither durst nor could safely come. It was twenty years ; he saith not that this twenty years was all the time of the ark’ s abode there; for it continued there from Eli’ s time till David’ s reign, 2Sa 6:2 , which was forty years, Act 13:21 ; but that it was so long there ere the Israelites were sensible of their sin and misery, ere they lamented, &c., as it follows.

The house of Israel lamented after the Lord i.e. they followed after God with lamentation for his departure and so long estrangement from them, and with prayers for his return and favour to them.

Poole: 1Sa 7:3 - Unto all the house of Israel // If ye do return unto the Lord // With all your heart // Put away the strange gods out of your houses // And Ashtaroth // Prepare your hearts // And he will deliver you Unto all the house of Israel to all the rulers and people too, as he had occasion in his circuit, described below, 1Sa 7:16 , mixing exhortations to ...

Unto all the house of Israel to all the rulers and people too, as he had occasion in his circuit, described below, 1Sa 7:16 , mixing exhortations to repentance with his judicial administrations.

If ye do return unto the Lord if you do indeed what you profess, if you are resolved to go on in that which you seem to have begun.

With all your heart sincerely and in good earnest.

Put away the strange gods out of your houses where some of you keep and worship them; and out of your hearts and affections, where they still have an interest in many of you.

And Ashtaroth and particularly or especially Ashtaroth , which he mentions as a god, whom they, together with the neighbouring nations, did more eminently worship. See Jud 2:13 .

Prepare your hearts by purging them from all sin, and particularly from all inclinations to other gods. Or, direct your hearts ; having alienated your hearts from your idols, turn them to God, and not to other idols or vanities.

And he will deliver you or, then ; upon these conditions you may confidently expect it.

Poole: 1Sa 7:6 - To Mizpeh // Drew water // Before the Lord // Samuel judged the children of Israel To Mizpeh not that beyond Jordan, of which Jud 11:11,29 ; but another in Canaan, where the Israelites used to assemble, Jud 20:1 1Sa 10:17 . Drew wa...

To Mizpeh not that beyond Jordan, of which Jud 11:11,29 ; but another in Canaan, where the Israelites used to assemble, Jud 20:1 1Sa 10:17 .

Drew water and poured it out; which they did either,

1. Figuratively; they drew tears out of their hearts, and poured out of their eyes as it were rivers of water; such descriptions of penitential sorrow being not unusual. See Psa 6:7 119:136 Jer 19:1 Lam 3:48,49 . Or rather,

2. Properly, because they are said first to draw it , and then to pour it out . And this agrees well with the state of those times, wherein such rites as this were very customary. Now this course they seem to have used, either,

1. As a mean or instrument of their purification. So they washed themselves in this water, thereby acknowledging their filthiness, and cleansing themselves as the law prescribed. But this seems not probable,

1. Because here is only mention of drawing and pouring forth this water before the Lord, but not of any washing themselves with it.

2. Because this was not a fit time and place to purify themselves in this great and general assembly. Or,

2. As an external sign, whereby they testified and professed both their own great filthiness and need of washing by the grace and Spirit of God, and blood of the covenant, which are oft signified by water, and their sincere desire to pour out their very hearts before the Lord in true repentance, and to cleanse themselves from all filthiness of flesh and spirit.

Before the Lord i.e. in the public assembly, where God is in a special manner present, as hath been noted before.

Samuel judged the children of Israel i.e. governed them, reformed all abuses against God or man, took care that the laws of God should be observed and executed, and wilful transgressors punished.

Poole: 1Sa 7:7 - The lords of the Philistines went up // They were afraid The lords of the Philistines went up to wit, with all army, 1Sa 7:10 , suspecting the effects of their general convention, and intending to nip them ...

The lords of the Philistines went up to wit, with all army, 1Sa 7:10 , suspecting the effects of their general convention, and intending to nip them in the bud.

They were afraid being a company of unarmed persons, and unfit for battle.

Poole: 1Sa 7:8 - -- We are ashamed and afraid to look God in the face, because of our great wickedness this day remembered and acknowledged; do thou therefore intercede...

We are ashamed and afraid to look God in the face, because of our great wickedness this day remembered and acknowledged; do thou therefore intercede for us, as Moses did for his generation.

Poole: 1Sa 7:9 - Offered it // A burnt-offering wholly // The Lord heard him It might be a sucking lamb , though it was more than eight days old, and so that law, Exo 23:19 , was not violated. Offered it either himself by ...

It might be a sucking lamb , though it was more than eight days old, and so that law, Exo 23:19 , was not violated.

Offered it either himself by Divine instinct, which was a sufficient warrant; or rather by a priest, as Saul is afterwards said to have offered, 1Sa 13:9 .

A burnt-offering wholly burning all the parts of it, according to the law of the burnt-offerings; whereas in other offerings some parts were reserved.

The Lord heard him as appears by the effects, the following thunder, and the overthrow of the Philistines’ host.

Poole: 1Sa 7:10 - -- Either by the lightnings, or thunderbolts, or other things which accompanied the cracks of thunder; or by the Israelites, who perceiving them to be ...

Either by the lightnings, or thunderbolts, or other things which accompanied the cracks of thunder; or by the Israelites, who perceiving them to be affrighted and flee away, pursued and smote them, as the next verse mentions.

Poole: 1Sa 7:11 - Quest // Answ Quest Whence had they weapons wherewith to smite them? Answ Divers of them probably brought them to the assembly; others borrowed them at Mizpeh, o...

Quest Whence had they weapons wherewith to smite them?

Answ Divers of them probably brought them to the assembly; others borrowed them at Mizpeh, or the neighbouring places; and the rest might be the arms of the Philistines, which they threw away to hasten their flight, as is usual in such cases.

Poole: 1Sa 7:12 - A stone // Eben-ezer // Hitherto hath the Lord helped us A stone a rude, unpolished stone, which was not prohibited by that law, Lev 26:1 , there being no danger of worshipping such a stone, and this being ...

A stone a rude, unpolished stone, which was not prohibited by that law, Lev 26:1 , there being no danger of worshipping such a stone, and this being set up only as a monument of the victory.

Eben-ezer by which, compared with 1Sa 4:1 , it appears that this victory was gained in or near the very same place where the Israelites received their former fatal loss.

Hitherto hath the Lord helped us He hath begun to help us in some measure, though not completely to deliver us; by which wary expression he exciteth both their thankfulness for their mercy received, and their holy fear and care to please and serve the Lord, that he might proceed to help and deliver them more effectually.

Poole: 1Sa 7:13 - They came no more into the coast of Israel // all the days of Samuel They came no more into the coast of Israel , i.e. they came not with a great host, as now they did, but only molested them with straggling parties, or...

They came no more into the coast of Israel , i.e. they came not with a great host, as now they did, but only molested them with straggling parties, or garrisons; as 1Sa 10:5 ; and they came not, to wit,

all the days of Samuel , as it follows, i.e. while Samuel was their sole judge, or ruler; for in Saul’ s time they did come, 1Sa 13:5,17 1Sa 14:52 17:1 , &c.

Poole: 1Sa 7:14 - The cities were restored to Israel // Object // Ekron to Gath // There was peace // The Amorites The cities were restored to Israel by the Philistines, who, it seems, were frightened into this restitution by their dread of Samuel, and of the Divi...

The cities were restored to Israel by the Philistines, who, it seems, were frightened into this restitution by their dread of Samuel, and of the Divine vengeance.

Object. The Philistines had cities and garrisons in Israel’ s land after this time; as 1Sa 10:5 13:3 . Answ . Either therefore those places were not any of these here mentioned; for it is not said that all their cities were restored, but only indefinitely the cities, and those limited to a certain compass, from

Ekron to Gath or some of the cities now restored by the Philistines, were afterwards retaken by them.

There was peace an agreement for the cessation of all acts of hostility.

The Amorites i.e. the Canaanites, oft called Amorites, because these were formerly the most valiant and terrible of all those nations, and the first enemies which the Israelites met with, when they went to take possession of their land. They made this peace with the Canaanites, that they might be more at leisure to oppose the Philistines, now their most potent enemies.

Poole: 1Sa 7:15 - Quest // Answ // no razor should come upon his head For though Saul was king in Samuel’ s last days, yet Samuel did not then quite cease to be a judge, being so made by God’ s extraordinary ...

For though Saul was king in Samuel’ s last days, yet Samuel did not then quite cease to be a judge, being so made by God’ s extraordinary call, which Saul could not destroy; and therefore Samuel did sometimes, upon great occasions, though not ordinarily, exercise the office of a judge after the beginning of Saul’ s reign; as 1Sa 11:7 15:32,33 . And the years of the rule of Saul and Samuel are joined together, Act 13:20,21 .

Quest. How doth the office of a judge agree with Hannah’ s vow, whereby she devoted him to a perpetual attendance upon the Lord’ s service?

Answ This was not inconsistent with her vow, which consisted of two branches; the one more general, that he should be given or lent to the Lord all his days, 1Sa 1:11,28 , which she faithfully executed, leaving him wholly to the service and disposal of the Lord, who thought fit to employ him in this way; and if any thing therein was contrary to that vow, could undoubtedly dispense with it, as being his own right only: the other more particular, that

no razor should come upon his head nor doth it appear that this part was violated; or if it was, it was done by Divine dispensation.

Poole: 1Sa 7:16 - Beth-el // Mizpeh // Judged Israel in all those places Beth-el either a place known by that name, or the house of God , to wit, Kirjath-jearim, where the ark was. Gilgal ; in the eastern border. Mizpeh...

Beth-el either a place known by that name, or the house of God , to wit, Kirjath-jearim, where the ark was. Gilgal ; in the eastern border.

Mizpeh towards the west.

Judged Israel in all those places he went to those several places, partly in compliance with the people, whose convenience and benefit he was willing to purchase with his own trouble, making himself an itinerant judge and preacher for their sakes; and partly that by his presence in several parts, he might the better observe and rectify all sorts of miscarriages against God or men.

Poole: 1Sa 7:17 - Object // Answ That by joining sacrifices with his prayers he might the better obtain direction and assistance from God upon all emergencies. Object. It was unl...

That by joining sacrifices with his prayers he might the better obtain direction and assistance from God upon all emergencies.

Object. It was unlawful to build another altar for sacrifice besides that before the tabernacle, Deu 12:5,13 .

Answ This was in part excused by the confusion of those times, wherein the tabernacle and its altar were destroyed, as is most probable; but most fully, because this was done by prophetical inspiration, and Divine dispensation, as appears by God’ s approbation and acceptance of the sacrifices offered upon it.

Haydock: 1Sa 7:1 - In Gabaa // Abinadab // Sanctified In Gabaa. That is, on the hill, for Gabaa signifieth a hill. (Challoner) (1 Paralipomenon xiii. 6.) --- It was perhaps the citadel, (Haydock) or ...

In Gabaa. That is, on the hill, for Gabaa signifieth a hill. (Challoner) (1 Paralipomenon xiii. 6.) ---

It was perhaps the citadel, (Haydock) or an elevated situation, such as were generally chosen for the temples both of the true and of false gods. (Calmet) ---

Abinadab was a Levite of renowned virtue. (Menochius) ---

The people of this city knew that the ark was a source of blessings to those who received it with respect; and, that the Bethsamites had been punished only for their irreverence. (Worthington) ---

Samuel was first consulted before the people, in a body, undertook to remove the ark; and here he was probably recognized for the judge of Israel, in which character he henceforward appears, exhorting all to obey the Lord with sincerity. He appoints a general assembly at Masphath, to enter into a solemn covenant with the Lord, and to adopt means for recovering their liberty. We have only a very concise account of these important transactions, owing to the modesty of the author, which the Holy Spirit would teach us to imitate. (Calmet) ---

Sanctified. Chaldean, "set over," (Menochius) prepared by suitable purifications, &c. (Calmet) ---

Some think, that Eleazar received the priestly or the Levitical consecration, Numbers viii. 7. We have no proof that he was of the family of Aaron, nor does his name occur in the genealogies of the Levites, as they are perhaps too short. Josephus ([Antiquities?] vi. 2.) asserts that he was a Levite. (Calmet) ---

But even a laic, like Obededon of Geth, might have been the guardian of the ark, as he would not have to touch it. (Salien, the year before Christ 1112) ---

Eleazar had two brothers, who acted in the same capacity when David intended to remove the ark to Sion. At that time he was perhaps dead, or decrepit, as his father might be on this occasion. (Haydock) ---

It is not improbable but they were of the race of Aaron. (Tirinus)

Haydock: 1Sa 7:2 - Year // Rested Year. Some would date all the subsequent events from this period. But is it credible that Samuel should neglect for twenty years to make this exhor...

Year. Some would date all the subsequent events from this period. But is it credible that Samuel should neglect for twenty years to make this exhortation to the people? and how will it be true, that God humbled the Philistines during the whole time (Calmet) of his administration, which perhaps (Haydock) only lasted so many years? (ver. 13.) (Calmet) ---

It is more probable, therefore, that the power of the enemy was broken by the destruction caused by the presence of the ark, which kept them under due restraint for along time; and when they attempted, once more, to molest the Israelites, they were entirely discomfited by a miraculous storm, at the prayer of Samuel, ver. 10. Salien (the year of the world 2960) allows, that this took place in the twentieth year since the ark came to Cariathiarim, in which year Samuel appointed his children judges at Bersabee, though he continued to act, and was judge for twenty-three years, (some say thirty-eight) and even under the reign of Saul had almost an absolute sway, as the prophet of the Lord. (Haydock) ---

Rested: continued steadfast, (Santius) "cried unto," (Pagnin) "Looked (Haydock) or returned," Septuagint. "Lamented after the Lord," Hebrew. (Menochius) ---

They were not soon induced to break this solemn covenant, Isaias vii. 2. (Tirinus)

Haydock: 1Sa 7:3 - Saying // Astaroth // Prepare Saying. When the ark was translated, (Calmet) and on many other occasions, this was the theme of his discourse to the Israelites, pressing them to c...

Saying. When the ark was translated, (Calmet) and on many other occasions, this was the theme of his discourse to the Israelites, pressing them to cease from doing evil, and to perform good works. (Haydock) ---

Thus he preached every year in the different cities, ver. 16. (Lyranus) ---

Astaroth. These were the principal idols of the country, (Salien; Judges ii. 11.) under which all the others were included. (Menochius) ---

Prepare. God lays this injunction upon us, to remind us of our liberty, and we beg that he would convert us, acknowledging the necessity of his grace. (Calmet) ---

"God does not require impossibilities, but by his command, admonishes thee to do what thou canst, and to pray for what thou art not able to perform, and he assists thee, that thou mayst be able to perform it." (Council of Trent, session vi., chap. 11.; St. Augustine, &c.)

Haydock: 1Sa 7:5 - Masphath Masphath lay south of Jerusalem, (Calmet) and was a convenient place for all to meet at. (Menochius) They came armed, and the Philistines (Calmet) ...

Masphath lay south of Jerusalem, (Calmet) and was a convenient place for all to meet at. (Menochius) They came armed, and the Philistines (Calmet) suspecting their designs, proceeded to attack them. (Haydock)

Haydock: 1Sa 7:6 - Lord // Fasted Lord, having purified themselves with it, Exodus xix 24. Others think that it was a kind of a protestation, that they were willing to perish if they...

Lord, having purified themselves with it, Exodus xix 24. Others think that it was a kind of a protestation, that they were willing to perish if they proved faithless; (Sa) or a symbol that they rejected every vestige of idolatry, and every sin, with true repentance. (Sanctius) (Tirinus) ---

Water was also the most ancient species of libation, before honey, and afterwards wine were adopted. (Porphyrius) ---

Though the law did not prescribe it, there was not prohibition. On the last day of the feast of tabernacles, the people went to the pool of Silo to fetch water, and to pour it out in the temple, as a libation to the Lord; and it is thought that Jesus Christ alludes to this custom, John vii. 24. (Lamy, Introd.) See 2 Kings xxiii. 16. (Calmet) ---

Fasted. They confess their sins and do penance, while Samuel sits as judge, (Salien) an had been endeavouring for twenty years to excite them to repentance, and to adhere to the one true religion. (Tirinus)

Haydock: 1Sa 7:8 - Philistines Philistines. Those who distrust their own strength, and join true repentance with prayer, striving to interest the friends of God in their cause, ma...

Philistines. Those who distrust their own strength, and join true repentance with prayer, striving to interest the friends of God in their cause, may confidently hope for victory. (Haydock)

Haydock: 1Sa 7:9 - Suckling lamb // Offered it // Whole Suckling lamb. Any might be used, when eight days old, except for the paschal lamb, which must be older; a yearling, Exodus xxiii. 9., and Levitic...

Suckling lamb. Any might be used, when eight days old, except for the paschal lamb, which must be older; a yearling, Exodus xxiii. 9., and Leviticus xxii. 27. ---

Offered it, either by the hands of the priests, or by dispensation, which authorized him to sacrifice out of the tabernacle. ---

Whole, without blemish; (Ecclesiasticus xlvi. 19.) or, not having time to divide it, according to the ritual, Leviticus i. 12. He consumed even the skin. (Salien) ---

Septuagint, "with all the people."

Haydock: 1Sa 7:10 - Israel Israel. The princes of the Tyrians had come to the assistance of the enemy; (Ecclesiasticus xlvi. 21.; Calmet) but all in vain. The greatness of th...

Israel. The princes of the Tyrians had come to the assistance of the enemy; (Ecclesiasticus xlvi. 21.; Calmet) but all in vain. The greatness of the army only increased the greatness of the carnage, when the Lord enters the lists. (Haydock) ---

the sacred penman speaks with great modesty of this victory, which is nevertheless one of the most important recorded in Scripture. The Philistines could not recover themselves for 20 years; they found it necessary to restore the cities which they had taken, (Calmet) to relinquish the tribute, and to come to such conditions as Samuel imposed upon them. He suffered them, however, to keep possession of some strong holds, such as Gabaa, from which they were expelled by Jonathan. Salien says in the 22d year of Samuel, and the last of Achitob, the high priest, in the year of the world 2961.

Haydock: 1Sa 7:11 - Bethchar Bethchar, "the house of the penetrator." Cor denotes the celestial fluid, which the Philistines probably supposed was discharged by the heavens, i...

Bethchar, "the house of the penetrator." Cor denotes the celestial fluid, which the Philistines probably supposed was discharged by the heavens, independently of the great Creator. Hence their punishment was very appropriate. (Parkhurst) ---

The latter heathens always represented their Jupiter armed with thunder and lightning--- "The thunder roared aloud---

Th' affrighted hills from their foundation nod,

And blaze beneath the lightning of the God;

At one regard of his all-seeing eye,

The vanquish'd triumph, and the victors fly." (Pope, Iliad xvii. 596.)

Haydock: 1Sa 7:12 - Sen // Help Sen, "the tooth," a craggy rock of that appearance. Syriac Beth Jasan. (Calmet) --- some take it to be the same with Bethchar. (Malvenda) --- ...

Sen, "the tooth," a craggy rock of that appearance. Syriac Beth Jasan. (Calmet) ---

some take it to be the same with Bethchar. (Malvenda) ---

It was before ignoble, (Salien) and the situation not known, till this monument was erected, with the inscription, Thus far, &c. ---

Help; "Aben-ezer," mentioned before, chap. iv. 1. The religious monuments were not prohibited by the law, Leviticus xxvi. 1. Samuel would take every precaution that they should not become objects of idolatry, as he was under the immediate influence of the Holy Spirit. (Calmet)

Haydock: 1Sa 7:13 - Any more Any more, for a long time, (Menochius) during Samuel's administration; for we find them again attacking Saul, chap. xiii. This expression is often...

Any more, for a long time, (Menochius) during Samuel's administration; for we find them again attacking Saul, chap. xiii. This expression is often used to denote a cessation of some continuance, Isaias xxiii. 12, 15., and 2 Kings vii. 10.

Haydock: 1Sa 7:14 - Geth // Philistines // Amorrhites Geth, which two cities still continued in their possession. Others, which had fallen to the share of Dan, they gave up, which explains Judges xviii....

Geth, which two cities still continued in their possession. Others, which had fallen to the share of Dan, they gave up, which explains Judges xviii. 1, 31. ---

Philistines. Here ended the forty years' servitude. (Calmet) ---

Salien (the year of the world 2860) rather thinks that it terminated in the death of Samson, when it was judged expedient to entrust the reins of government into the hands of an ole man, Heli, the high priest, as there was no need of an expert general, the heads of the Philistines being all destroyed, Judges xiii. 1. (Haydock) ---

Amorrhites: the dispersed nations of Chanaan were all dept under. (Calmet)

Haydock: 1Sa 7:15 - Life Life; as sole judge for twenty years, (Gordon; Du Hamel) and conjointly with Saul till he died, almost 100 years old, a year or two before the unfort...

Life; as sole judge for twenty years, (Gordon; Du Hamel) and conjointly with Saul till he died, almost 100 years old, a year or two before the unfortunate king. Saul put him on a level with himself; (chap. xi. 7.) and he continued to be regarded as the oracle of Israel ever since he was about forty years old; (Calmet) or he did not long survive the election of the new king, (Menochius) as Tirinus, Sanctius, &c., reduce his reign to two years, allowing thirty-eight to Samuel, so that both filled up the space of forty years, Acts xiii. 20. The life of Samuel, on this supposition, will not much exceed sixty, and he must have come into power in early life, chap. xii. 2. (Haydock) ---

This verse is no proof that the present book was written long after Samuel's time. (Du Hamel)

Haydock: 1Sa 7:16 - Places Places. Septuagint, "in all these holy places." Some take Bethel to mean the city, where the ark was, (Calmet) or the holy of holies, in the tabe...

Places. Septuagint, "in all these holy places." Some take Bethel to mean the city, where the ark was, (Calmet) or the holy of holies, in the tabernacle, at Silo, &c. (Haydock) ---

The northern tribes might meet him at Bethel; those on the east of the Jordan, at Galgala, of Benjamin; and the tribes of Juda, Simeon, and Dan, might have an opportunity of hearing the holy prophet, and decide their controversies, at Masphath. (Calmet) ---

Thus Samuel gave an excellent instruction to pastors and governors, to watch over their people. (Haydock)

Haydock: 1Sa 7:17 - Ramatha // Lord Ramatha; his native place. His high office would not allow him to remain always near the tabernacle, chap. i. 11., and 28. (Calmet) --- Lord, by ...

Ramatha; his native place. His high office would not allow him to remain always near the tabernacle, chap. i. 11., and 28. (Calmet) ---

Lord, by his direction, (Menochius) both to satisfy his own devotion, and that he might consult the Lord when the people wanted advice. (Calmet)

Gill: 1Sa 7:1 - And the men of Kirjathjearim came and fetched up the ark of the Lord // and brought it into the house of Abinadab in the hill // and sanctified Eleazar his son to keep the ark of the Lord And the men of Kirjathjearim came and fetched up the ark of the Lord,.... From Bethshemesh, which was near unto them, as Josephus g says; they made no...

And the men of Kirjathjearim came and fetched up the ark of the Lord,.... From Bethshemesh, which was near unto them, as Josephus g says; they made no difficulty of fetching it, but gladly received it; for if they knew of what happened to the men of Bethshemesh, they knew it was not owing to the presence of the ark among them, but to their irreverent behaviour to it; and though Kirjathjearim was not a Levite city, and so the men of it could not bear the ark themselves, yet they might have proper persons from Bethshemesh to do this service:

and brought it into the house of Abinadab in the hill; which; hill was within the city of Kirjathjearim, and is mentioned either to distinguish this Abinadab that dwelt on it from another of the same name in the city, as Kimchi observes; or else to remark the propriety of the place, and the reason of the choice of it for the ark to be placed in; hills and high places being in those times accounted fittest for sacred services to be performed in, as well as places of safety; who this man was is not certain. Josephus h says he was a Levite, but if so he could only be a sojourner in this place; however he might be, as he suggests he was, a man of great esteem for religion and righteousness:

and sanctified Eleazar his son to keep the ark of the Lord; not only to watch it that it might not be taken away, but to keep persons from it, from touching it, or using it irreverently; and such as were not allowed to come nigh it; as well as to keep the place clean where it was put; and for this he was appointed by the priests, or the elders of the city; and was set apart for this service, and prepared for it by washings and sacrifices; and the rather he and not his father was invested with this office, because he was a young man, and his father might be old and decrepit; and this his son also a holy goodman, wise and prudent, and active and zealous for God, and true religion; and on all accounts a fit person for this post.

Gill: 1Sa 7:2 - And it came to pass, while the ark abode in Kirjathjearim, that the time was long // for it was twenty years // and all the house of Israel lamented after the Lord And it came to pass, while the ark abode in Kirjathjearim, that the time was long,.... It could not be less than between forty and fifty years, for it...

And it came to pass, while the ark abode in Kirjathjearim, that the time was long,.... It could not be less than between forty and fifty years, for it remained here until the times of David, who removed it from hence after he was made king over all Israel, and when he had reigned over Judah seven years; and from the death of Eli to that time, which included the government of Samuel and Saul, it could not be less than what has been hinted:

for it was twenty years; not that this was all the time the ark was at Kirjathjearim, but it was so long there before it was much taken notice of, and sought unto, and the Lord by it; there was a great neglect of God, and his worship, which through the means of Samuel began to revive about this time, as it follows:

and all the house of Israel lamented after the Lord; became sensible of their evil doings, and repented of them, and sought the Lord with fasting, and prayer, and tears; bewailed their backslidings and revoltings from him, and cried after a departing God.

Gill: 1Sa 7:3 - And Samuel spake unto all the house of Israel // saying, if ye do return unto the Lord with all your hearts // then put away the strange gods // and Ashtaroth from among you // and prepare your hearts unto the Lord, and serve him only // and he will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines And Samuel spake unto all the house of Israel,.... When they assembled at one of their three yearly feasts, or as he went from place to place, exhorti...

And Samuel spake unto all the house of Israel,.... When they assembled at one of their three yearly feasts, or as he went from place to place, exhorting them to repentance and reformation; and perceiving they began to be awakened to a sense of their sins, and seemed desirous of returning to God, and restoring his worship:

saying, if ye do return unto the Lord with all your hearts; truly and sincerely; for he might fear there was hypocrisy and dissimulation at least in some of them:

then put away the strange gods; as all but the true God are; or the gods of another people, as the Philistines, Canaanites, &c. Baalim seem chiefly intended, as appears from the following verse:

and Ashtaroth from among you; female deities, such as with other nations went by the name of Juno, Venus, &c. so the Arabic version,"the idols of the women ye secretly worship.''Aquila renders it, "the images of Astarte"; so they call Venus as Procopius Gazaeus observes, from "aster", a star; but the word signifies flocks of sheep, and these deities are supposed by some to be in the form of them; but be they what they may, they were to be put away out of their houses, and out of their hearts:

and prepare your hearts unto the Lord, and serve him only; that is, direct your hearts to him while in his service; let it proceed from the heart, and let it be done to him only, and not to another with him; or to him in and by another, as may be pretended, and commonly is by idolaters:

and he will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines; under whose dominion they had been for many years; for though their power over them was weakened by Samson, yet they were not completely delivered by him; so all the time of Eli they were not wholly free from them; and especially since their last defeat by them; when the ark was taken, they had been under oppression by them; now Samuel promises them deliverance from it, in case they relinquish their idols, and served the Lord solely and heartily.

Gill: 1Sa 7:4 - Then the children of Israel did put away Baalim and Ashtaroth // and served the Lord Only Then the children of Israel did put away Baalim and Ashtaroth,.... Both their male and female deities, of which see Jdg 2:13. and served the Lord O...

Then the children of Israel did put away Baalim and Ashtaroth,.... Both their male and female deities, of which see Jdg 2:13.

and served the Lord Only; Dr. Lightfoot i observes, that a spirit of repentance and conversion came generally upon all the people; a matter and a time as remarkable as almost any we read of in Scripture, one only parallel to it; and that is in Acts, chapters two and three, at the great conversion there.

Gill: 1Sa 7:5 - And Samuel said, gather all Israel to Mizpeh // and I will pray for you unto the Lord And Samuel said, gather all Israel to Mizpeh,.... Not Mizpeh in Gilead, on the other side Jordan, but a city which lay on the borders of Judah and Ben...

And Samuel said, gather all Israel to Mizpeh,.... Not Mizpeh in Gilead, on the other side Jordan, but a city which lay on the borders of Judah and Benjamin, where the tribes met on the account of the Levite's concubine, Jdg 20:1. This order Samuel gave by messengers sent to the several tribes, or the heads of them, to meet him at this place:

and I will pray for you unto the Lord; no doubt he prayed for them privately, that the reformation begun might be carried on, and appear to be sincere, and hearty, and general, and universal; but he was desirous that they might appear in a body, and join with him in public prayer for their spiritual and temporal welfare; that they might have true repentance for their sins, reform from them, and have remission of them, and be delivered out of the hands of their enemies.

Gill: 1Sa 7:6 - And they gathered together to Mizpeh // and drew water, and poured it out before the Lord // and fasted on that day, and said there, we have sinned against the Lord // and Samuel judged the children of Israel in Mizpeh And they gathered together to Mizpeh,.... Even all Israel, at least the heads of the people, and representatives of them: and drew water, and poure...

And they gathered together to Mizpeh,.... Even all Israel, at least the heads of the people, and representatives of them:

and drew water, and poured it out before the Lord; drew it from some fountain near at hand, and poured it out as in the presence of God, who was where his people were met together. Jerom k relates it as tradition of the Jews, that curses were cast into this water, as in the water of jealousy, and that idolaters were tried by it; and that whatever idolater, who denied he worshipped idols, and tasted of it, his lips so stuck together that they could not be separated, and by this means was known and put to death; and therefore it is said Samuel judged now at this place: but it should be observed, this water was not drank, but poured out; and that as a token of their humiliation, as Jarchi, that they were before the Lord, as water poured out; and of the sincerity of their repentance, as the Targum, which is,"they poured out their heart in repentance, as water;''and of the atonement and expiation of their sins, which passed away as water to be remembered no more, as Kimchi, or rather signifying hereby that they thoroughly renounced idolatry, that nothing of it should remain; as water entirely poured out, there remains not so much as any smell of it in the cask, as does of honey or oil, or such kind of liquor; for what a learned writer l says, that this was in token of joy, like that at the feast of tabernacles, when they drew water out of the fountain of Siloah, seems not so agreeable, since this was a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer, as follows:

and fasted on that day, and said there, we have sinned against the Lord; Samuel prayed in public for them, with whom they joined; and they fasted in a literal sense, abstaining from food, and made a confession of their sins; this was the work of that day:

and Samuel judged the children of Israel in Mizpeh; not that he now began to judge them, but went on in a more public and vigorous manner to judge them; he sat, and heard, and tried causes that came before him; explained the laws of God to them, and enforced the obedience of them; reformed abuses that were among them, and punished idolaters.

Gill: 1Sa 7:7 - And when the Philistines heard that the children of Israel were gathered together to Mizpeh // the lords of the Philistines went up against Israel // and when the children of Israel heard it, they were afraid of the Philistines And when the Philistines heard that the children of Israel were gathered together to Mizpeh,.... Not knowing it was upon a religious account; but supp...

And when the Philistines heard that the children of Israel were gathered together to Mizpeh,.... Not knowing it was upon a religious account; but supposing they met to form schemes and measures to cast off their yoke, and deliver themselves out of their hands; and were preparing to take up arms, and fall upon them:

the lords of the Philistines went up against Israel; with forces out of their several principalities united to fight with them; judging it advisable to lose no time, but attack them before they were well prepared and provided to defend themselves:

and when the children of Israel heard it, they were afraid of the Philistines; because they were unarmed, and not at all prepared for war, and having no expectation of it.

Gill: 1Sa 7:8 - And the children of Israel said to Samuel // cease not to cry unto the Lord our God for us // that he will save us out of the hands of the Philistines And the children of Israel said to Samuel,.... To whom they applied, not as the general of their forces, but as the prophet of the Lord; believing his...

And the children of Israel said to Samuel,.... To whom they applied, not as the general of their forces, but as the prophet of the Lord; believing his prayers for them would be of more avail to them than an army of men ever so numerous, or so well accoutred:

cease not to cry unto the Lord our God for us: he had been praying for them that day, and they desired he would continue praying for them, well knowing that the effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much; they knew their salvation was of the Lord, and that he only could save them, and that he must be sought unto for it; and as Samuel had an interest in him, they beg he would continue to make use of it on their behalf; in which they expressed their trust in God, their regard to means, the duty of prayer, and the high esteem they had of the prophet of the Lord, whom they entreat to pray for them:

that he will save us out of the hands of the Philistines; who were now coming up against them, and who had for a long time tyrannised over them.

Gill: 1Sa 7:9 - And Samuel took a sucking lamb // and offered it for a burnt offering wholly unto the Lord // and Samuel cried unto the Lord for Israel // and the Lord heard him And Samuel took a sucking lamb,.... Which it might be, and yet more than eight days old, for under that it might not be sacrificed, Exo 22:30. and ...

And Samuel took a sucking lamb,.... Which it might be, and yet more than eight days old, for under that it might not be sacrificed, Exo 22:30.

and offered it for a burnt offering wholly unto the Lord; the whole of it was burnt, skin and all, whereas the skin was the priest's in other burnt offerings; and this is remarked m as one of the three things in which it differed from other offerings; the word being feminine, the Jews gather from hence, as Jarchi notes, that females might be offered at a private altar:

and Samuel cried unto the Lord for Israel; not only offered a sacrifice for them, but prayed for them:

and the Lord heard him; and answered him, either by causing fire to come down on the sacrifice, by which it was consumed, or by the voice of thunder, which frightened and discomfited the Philistines; and the event of things manifestly showed it.

Gill: 1Sa 7:10 - And as Samuel was offering up the burnt offering // the Philistines drew near to battle against Israel // but the Lord thundered with a great thunder on that day upon the Philistines // and discomfited them // and they were smitten before Israel And as Samuel was offering up the burnt offering.... Which he might do by a priest, as Ben Gersom suggests, he being only a Levite; though he being a ...

And as Samuel was offering up the burnt offering.... Which he might do by a priest, as Ben Gersom suggests, he being only a Levite; though he being a prophet, and an extraordinary person, and this an extraordinary case, he might do it himself, as Gideon and others, as well as offer it in another place than where the tabernacle was; Shiloh being now destroyed, persons and places for sacrifice were now dispensed with: and before Samuel had made an end of offering the sacrifice:

the Philistines drew near to battle against Israel; and were come as far almost as Mizpeh, where Israel were, and Samuel was sacrificing:

but the Lord thundered with a great thunder on that day upon the Philistines; which fulfilled Hannah's prophecy, 1Sa 2:10 and this, as Josephus n says, was attended with lightning, which flashed in their faces, and shook their weapons out of their hands, so that they fled disarmed; and also with an earthquake, which caused gaps in the earth, into which they fell:

and discomfited them; disturbed, affrighted them, and threw them into confusion and disorder, as well as destroyed many of them:

and they were smitten before Israel; the meaning of which is not that they fled before them, and were killed by them; but that before Israel could come out against them, and fight with them, they were smitten and destroyed, many of them by the thunder and lightning, and by the earth opening upon them, and devouring them; for this phrase, "before Israel", denotes time, as Abarbinel observes, and not place.

Gill: 1Sa 7:11 - And the men of Israel went out of Mizpeh // and pursued the Philistines // and smote them // until they came under Bethcar And the men of Israel went out of Mizpeh,.... To which they were encouraged by hearing or perceiving that the army of the Philistines was discomfited ...

And the men of Israel went out of Mizpeh,.... To which they were encouraged by hearing or perceiving that the army of the Philistines was discomfited by the thunder, and lightning, and earthquake:

and pursued the Philistines; who, when they came out, were fleeing from the opening earth, and frightened with thunder and lightning, and many were killed, and all put in disorder; so that they stayed not to engage in battle with Israel, and who had nothing to do but to pursue their enemy:

and smote them: with what weapons of war they could get at Mizpeh, and with what some might have with them for private use, and in common wear; but more especially with the weapons of the Philistines, which they in their confusion and fright had thrown away:

until they came under Bethcar; a place so called; "car" signifies a lamb; here might be formerly a temple dedicated to the lamb, unless it had its name in memory of the lamb Samuel now offered, which was followed with such success. Josephus o calls this place Corraea; and in the Targum it is Bethsaron, which signifies a fruitful field or champaign country.

Gill: 1Sa 7:12 - And Samuel took a stone, and set it // between Mizpeh and Shen // and called the name of it Ebenezer // saying, hitherto hath the Lord helped us And Samuel took a stone, and set it,.... Not for worship, but as a monument of the victory obtained by the help of God: and this he placed between ...

And Samuel took a stone, and set it,.... Not for worship, but as a monument of the victory obtained by the help of God: and this he placed

between Mizpeh and Shen; which latter signifies a tooth, and designs the precipice of a rock which juts out, and hangs over in the form of one:

and called the name of it Ebenezer; which signifies "the stone of help"; and is the same place which by anticipation has this name, 1Sa 4:1, so that in the selfsame place where the Israelites were twice beaten by the Philistines, and the ark taken, was this salvation wrought for them:

saying, hitherto hath the Lord helped us; this was but the beginning of their deliverance from the Philistines, and which was owing to the help of the Lord; and as he had begun to help them, they might hope and encourage themselves that he would go on to help them until their deliverance was completed: however, they with Samuel thought it their duty, which was right, to acknowledge what the Lord had done for them, and perpetuate the memory of it, though they could not be sure what he would do for them hereafter; yet as they were sensible of, and thankful for this instance of his goodness, they hoped for more, and had their dependence on him for future success against their enemies.

Gill: 1Sa 7:13 - So the Philistines were subdued // and came no more into the coast of Israel // the hand of the Lord was against the Philistines all the days of Samuel So the Philistines were subdued,.... Not that their country was conquered, or they made subject and become tributaries to Israel; but they were so hum...

So the Philistines were subdued,.... Not that their country was conquered, or they made subject and become tributaries to Israel; but they were so humbled, as not to attempt to give the people of Israel any further trouble and distress, who were now delivered from their oppression and tyranny:

and came no more into the coast of Israel; at this time they did not gather together their forces dispersed, nor raise and bring a new army into the land of Israel; they contented themselves with placing garrisons on the coast, but did not attempt to enter and invade them any more; that is, for a long time, even until Samuel was grown old, and the people would have a king, and had one, which offended the Lord, and then he suffered them to be distressed by them again; but while Samuel was alone governor they came no more, though they did quickly after Saul was made king, as it follows:

the hand of the Lord was against the Philistines all the days of Samuel; not all the days of his life, but all the days of his sole government, which restrained them from making incursions into the land of Israel; and indeed in later times, when they did come forth to make war with them, the battle was against them during the times of Samuel.

Gill: 1Sa 7:14 - And the cities which the Philistines had taken from Israel were restored to Israel // from Ekron even unto Gath, and the coasts thereof, did Israel deliver out of the hands of the Philistines // and there was peace between Israel and the Amorites And the cities which the Philistines had taken from Israel were restored to Israel,.... We nowhere read that the Israelites went out to war with them,...

And the cities which the Philistines had taken from Israel were restored to Israel,.... We nowhere read that the Israelites went out to war with them, and took these cities from them by besieging and assaulting them; but they made a demand of them after the above victory obtained, by which the Philistines were so intimidated, that they quietly surrendered them to them:

from Ekron even unto Gath, and the coasts thereof, did Israel deliver out of the hands of the Philistines; not by dint of sword, but by demand, to which they submitted; and though Ekron, if not Gath, fell to the tribe of Judah by lot, yet were never in their possession; and so are to be understood exclusively here, that not they, but the cities and towns that lay between them and the coasts thereof, which the Philistines had seized upon, these they were obliged to deliver up again to Israel; and if Ekron and Gath were delivered, they were not long held by them, for we soon read of them as in the hands of others:

and there was peace between Israel and the Amorites; who were a principal nation of the Canaanites, and are put for the whole of them that remained; and so Josephus p calls them the remnant of the Canaanites; these, finding the Philistines were subdued, were quiet and peaceable, and gave Israel no more trouble.

Gill: 1Sa 7:15 - And Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. And Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. Not only before Saul was made king, but afterwards; for though he had not the exercise of the supre...

And Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. Not only before Saul was made king, but afterwards; for though he had not the exercise of the supreme government of the nation, yet he might act as a judge under Saul, and hear and try causes brought before him, and execute justice and judgment; and as a prophet he taught and instructed the people, and reformed abuses among them; and besides, he held and exercised his extraordinary office, to which he was raised up of God, and even took upon him to reprove Saul himself, and to kill Agag. The Jews say q he judged Israel thirteen years only, eleven by himself, and two with Saul; but his government must be much larger, his with Saul is reckoned forty years, Act 13:21.

Gill: 1Sa 7:16 - And he went from year to year in circuit // Bethel, and Gilgal, and Mizpeh // and judged Israel in all those places And he went from year to year in circuit,.... As judges do; or "from the year in the year" r from the time of the year in the year, as the Targum, fro...

And he went from year to year in circuit,.... As judges do; or "from the year in the year" r from the time of the year in the year, as the Targum, from the middle of it, that is, every half year; and so Josephus says s, that he went twice a year in circuit: and the places he went to, and where he held his courts of judicature, were

Bethel, and Gilgal, and Mizpeh; by Bethel is not meant Shiloh, as Abarbinel, for that was now destroyed; nor Kirjathjearim, where the ark was, for it would have been called by its name; but the same Bethel that was near to Ai, and not far from Shiloh, and was in the tribe of Benjamin, as all those places were. Gilgal was where the tabernacle, ark, and camp of Israel were first pitched, when they came over Jordan, and Mizpeh where the people used to be assembled on occasion, see 1Sa 7:5,

and judged Israel in all those places; who came from all parts hither with their causes, and for advice and counsel in all cases, at the returning periods.

Gill: 1Sa 7:17 - And his return was to Ramah // for there was his house // and there he built an altar unto the Lord And his return was to Ramah,.... When he had gone his circuit, he came back to this city, which was his native place, and where his father and mother ...

And his return was to Ramah,.... When he had gone his circuit, he came back to this city, which was his native place, and where his father and mother had dwelt, see 1Sa 1:1.

for there was his house; and his father's house before him, and perhaps the same, 1Sa 1:19 and there he judged Israel; here was his fixed residence, and here he was always to be met with, except when on his circuit; and hither the people of Israel might come from all parts, to have justice done them between man and man, or receive information in matters of difficulty and importance:

and there he built an altar unto the Lord: to offer his own sacrifices, and the sacrifices of the people, either by himself, or by a priest, when the people came to have justice administered to them; or to desire him to pray for them, teach and instruct them, or to give them advice. Shiloh being destroyed, and no place appointed for the tabernacle and altar, the Jews say, high places for a private altar were lawful, and even for one that was not a priest to offer; these things, though settled by law, yet were for a time dispensed with, until things could be fixed in their proper place and order.

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Ayat / Catatan Kaki

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:1 Heb “men.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:2 Heb “mourned after”; NIV “mourned and sought after”; KJV, NRSV “lamented after”; NAB “turned to”; NCV ...

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:3 Following imperatives, the jussive verbal form with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose/result.

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:4 Heb “the sons of Israel.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:6 Heb “judged”; NAB “began to judge”; TEV “settled disputes among.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:8 After the negated jussive, the prefixed verbal form with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose/result.

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:9 Heb “a lamb of milk”; NAB “an unweaned lamb”; NIV “a suckling lamb”; NCV “a baby lamb.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:10 Heb “before.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:12 The name Ebenezer (אֶבֶן הָעָזֶר) means “stone of help” in Hebrew ...

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:14 Heb “hand.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:15 Heb “judged” (also in v. 17).

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:16 For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:17 Or perhaps “settled disputes for” (cf. NLT “would hear cases there”; NRSV “administered justice there”).

Geneva Bible: 1Sa 7:1 And the men of ( a ) Kirjathjearim came, and fetched up the ark of the LORD, and brought it into the house of Abinadab in the hill, and sanctified Ele...

Geneva Bible: 1Sa 7:2 And it came to pass, while the ark abode in Kirjathjearim, that the time was long; for it was twenty years: and all the house of Israel lamented ( b )...

Geneva Bible: 1Sa 7:5 And Samuel said, Gather all Israel to ( c ) Mizpeh, and I will pray for you unto the LORD. ( c ) For Shiloh was now desolate, because the Philistines...

Geneva Bible: 1Sa 7:6 And they gathered together to Mizpeh, and ( d ) drew water, and poured [it] out before the LORD, and fasted on that day, and said there, We have sinne...

Geneva Bible: 1Sa 7:8 And the children of Israel said to Samuel, Cease not to ( e ) cry unto the LORD our God for us, that he will save us out of the hand of the Philistine...

Geneva Bible: 1Sa 7:10 And as Samuel was offering up the burnt offering, the Philistines drew near to battle against Israel: but the LORD ( f ) thundered with a great thunde...

Geneva Bible: 1Sa 7:12 Then Samuel took a stone, and set [it] between Mizpeh and ( g ) Shen, and called the name of it Ebenezer, saying, Hitherto hath the LORD helped us. (...

Geneva Bible: 1Sa 7:14 And the cities which the Philistines had taken from Israel were restored to Israel, from Ekron even unto Gath; and the coasts thereof did Israel deliv...

Geneva Bible: 1Sa 7:17 And his return [was] to Ramah; for there [was] his house; and there he judged Israel; and there he built an ( i ) altar unto the LORD. ( i ) Which wa...

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Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Rentang Ayat

Maclaren: 1Sa 7:1-12 - Repentance And Victory 1 Samuel 7:1-12 The ark had spread disaster in Philistia and Beth-shemesh, and the willingness of the men of Kirjath-jearim to receive it was a token ...

MHCC: 1Sa 7:1-4 - --God will find a resting-place for his ark; if some thrust it from them, the hearts of others shall be inclined to receive it. It is no new thing for G...

MHCC: 1Sa 7:5-6 - --Israel drew water and poured it out before the Lord; signifying their humiliation and sorrow for sin. They pour out their hearts in repentance before ...

MHCC: 1Sa 7:7-12 - --The Philistines invaded Israel. When sinners begin to repent and reform, they must expect that Satan will muster all his force against them, and set h...

MHCC: 1Sa 7:13-17 - --In this great revival of true religion, the ark was neither removed to Shiloh, nor placed with the tabernacle any where else. This disregard to the Le...

Matthew Henry: 1Sa 7:1-2 - -- Here we must attend the ark to Kirjath-jearim, and then leave it there, to hear not a word more of it except once (1Sa 14:18), till David fetched it...

Matthew Henry: 1Sa 7:3-6 - -- We may well wonder where Samuel was and what he was doing all this while, for we have not had him so much as named till now, since 1Sa 4:1, not as i...

Matthew Henry: 1Sa 7:7-12 - -- Here, I. The Philistines invade Israel (1Sa 7:7), taking umbrage from that general meeting for repentance and prayer as if it had been a rendezvous ...

Matthew Henry: 1Sa 7:13-17 - -- We have here a short account of the further good services that Samuel did to Israel. Having parted them from their idols, and brought them home to t...

Keil-Delitzsch: 1Sa 7:1 - -- The inhabitants of Kirjath-jearim complied with this request, and broughtthe ark into the house of Abinadab upon the height, and sanctifiedAbinadab'...

Keil-Delitzsch: 1Sa 7:2-4 - -- Purification of Israel from idolatry . - Twenty years passed away from thattime forward, while the ark remained at Kirjath-jearim, and all Israelmo...

Keil-Delitzsch: 1Sa 7:5-14 - -- Victory obtained over the Philistines through Samuel's prayer . - 1Sa 7:5, 1Sa 7:6. When Israel had turned to the Lord with all its heart, and had ...

Keil-Delitzsch: 1Sa 7:15-17 - -- Samuel's judicial labours . - With the calling of the people to Mizpeh, and the victory at Ebenezer that had been obtained through his prayer, Samu...

Constable: 1Sa 4:1--7:2 - --II. THE HISTORY OF THE ARK OF THE COVENANT 4:1b--7:1 Most serious students of 1 Samuel have noted the writer's e...

Constable: 1Sa 6:1--7:2 - --C. The Ark Returned to Israel by God 6:1-7:1 The writer added further evidence of the Philistines' rever...

Constable: 1Sa 6:19--7:2 - --3. The removal of the ark to Kiriath-jearim 6:19-7:1 Not all the people who later assembled to s...

Constable: 1Sa 7:2-17 - --A. Samuel's Ministry as Israel's Judge 7:2-17 As a totally dedicated Nazarite who followed the stipulati...

Constable: 1Sa 7:2-4 - --1. Samuel's spiritual leadership 7:2-4 Twenty years after the Philistines had taken the ark Samu...

Constable: 1Sa 7:5-14 - --2. National repentance and deliverance 7:5-14 Mizpah (lit. watchtow...

Constable: 1Sa 7:15-17 - --3. Samuel's regular ministry 7:15-17 In addition to providing the special leadership just descri...

Guzik: 1Sa 7:1-17 - Samuel as Judge 1 Samuel 7 - Samuel as Judge A. Samuel leads the nation in repentance. 1. (1-2) The ark at Kirath Jearim. Then the men of Kirjath Jearim came and ...

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Pendahuluan / Garis Besar

JFB: 1 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) THE FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF SAMUEL. The two were, by the ancient Jews, conjoined so as to make one book, and in that form could be called the Book o...

JFB: 1 Samuel (Garis Besar) OF ELKANAH AND HIS TWO WIVES. (1Sa 1:1-8) HANNAH'S PRAYER. (1Sa 1:9-18) SAMUEL BORN. (1Sa 1:20) HANNAH'S SONG IN THANKFULNESS TO GOD. (1Sa 2:1-11) TH...

TSK: 1 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) The First Book of SAMUEL, otherwise called " The First Book of the KINGS."

TSK: 1 Samuel 7 (Pendahuluan Pasal) Overview 1Sa 7:1, They of Kirjath-jearim bring the ark into the house of Abinadab, and sanctify Eleazar, his son to keep it; 1Sa 7:2, After twenty...

Poole: 1 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL OTHERWISE CALLED THE FIRST BOOK OF THE KINGS. THE ARGUMENT. IT is not certainly known who was the penman of this Book, or whe...

Poole: 1 Samuel 7 (Pendahuluan Pasal) SAMUEL CHAPTER 7 The ark is placed in Kirjath-jearim; Eleazar’ s son is sanctified to keep it, 1Sa 7:1,2 . Samuel exhorts them to repent, and ...

MHCC: 1 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) In this book we have an account of Eli, and the wickedness of his sons; also of Samuel, his character and actions. Then of the advancement of Saul to ...

MHCC: 1 Samuel 7 (Pendahuluan Pasal) (1Sa 7:1-4) The ark removed to Kirjath-jearim. (1Sa 7:5, 1Sa 7:6) The Israelites solemnly repent. (1Sa 7:7-12) The Lord discomfits the Philistines. ...

Matthew Henry: 1 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The First Book of Samuel This book, and that which follows it, bear the name of Samuel in the title, ...

Matthew Henry: 1 Samuel 7 (Pendahuluan Pasal) In this chapter we have, I. The eclipsing of the glory of the ark, by its privacy in Kirjath-jearim for many years (1Sa 7:1, 1Sa 7:2). II. The ap...

Constable: 1 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) Introduction Title First and Second Samuel were originally one book called the Book of...

Constable: 1 Samuel (Garis Besar) Outline I. Eli and Samuel chs. 1-3 A. The change from barrenness to fertility 1:1-2:10 ...

Constable: 1 Samuel 1 Samuel Bibliography Ackroyd, Peter R. The First Book of Samuel. Cambridge Bible Commentary on the New English...

Haydock: 1 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) THE FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL; otherwise called, THE FIRST BOOK OF KINGS. INTRODUCTION. This and the following Book are called by the Hebrews, the...

Gill: 1 Samuel (Pendahuluan Kitab) INTRODUCTION TO 1 SAMUEL This book, in the Hebrew copies, is commonly called Samuel, or the Book of Samuel; in the Syriac version, the Book of Samu...

Gill: 1 Samuel 7 (Pendahuluan Pasal) INTRODUCTION TO FIRST SAMUEL 7 This chapter gives an account of the ark being brought to Kirjathjearim, where it continued twenty years, 1Sa 7:1 of...

Advanced Commentary (Kamus, Lagu-Lagu Himne, Gambar, Ilustrasi Khotbah, Pertanyaan-Pertanyaan, dll)


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