Teks -- 1 Kings 21:1-29 (NET)
Nama Orang, Nama Tempat, Topik/Tema Kamus
kecilkan semuaTafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)
Wesley: 1Ki 21:3 - The Lord forbid For God had expressly, and for divers weighty reasons forbidden the alienation of lands from the tribes and families to which they were allotted. And ...
For God had expressly, and for divers weighty reasons forbidden the alienation of lands from the tribes and families to which they were allotted. And although these might have been alienated 'till the jubilee, yet he durst not sell it to the king for that time; because he supposed, if once it came into the king's hand, neither he, nor his posterity, could ever recover it; and so he should both offend God, and wrong his posterity.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:7 - Dost thou govern Art thou fit to be king, that hast not courage to use thy power.
Art thou fit to be king, that hast not courage to use thy power.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:9 - A fast To remove all suspicion of evil design in Ahab, and to beget a good opinion of him amongst his people, as if he were grown zealous for God's honour, a...
To remove all suspicion of evil design in Ahab, and to beget a good opinion of him amongst his people, as if he were grown zealous for God's honour, and careful of his people's welfare, and therefore desirous to enquire into all those sins which provoked God against them.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:9 - On high On a scaffold, or high - place, where malefactors were usually placed, that they might be seen, and heard by all the people.
On a scaffold, or high - place, where malefactors were usually placed, that they might be seen, and heard by all the people.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:10 - Blaspheme God and the king Indeed his blaspheming God would only be the forfeiture of his life, not his estate. Therefore he is charged with treason also, that his estate may be...
Indeed his blaspheming God would only be the forfeiture of his life, not his estate. Therefore he is charged with treason also, that his estate may be confiscated, and so Ahab have his vineyard.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:13 - Stoned him And it seems his sons too, either with him or after him. For God afterward says, (2Ki 9:26) I have seen the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons....
And it seems his sons too, either with him or after him. For God afterward says, (2Ki 9:26) I have seen the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons. Let us commit the keeping of our lives and comforts to God; for innocence itself will not always be our security.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:19 - Saying Thou hast murdered an innocent man; and instead of repenting for it, hast added another piece of injustice and violence to it, and art going confident...
Thou hast murdered an innocent man; and instead of repenting for it, hast added another piece of injustice and violence to it, and art going confidently and chearfully to reap the fruit of thy wickedness.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:19 - Thy blood The threatening was so directed at first; but afterwards, upon his humiliation, the punishment was transferred from him to his son, as is expressed, 1...
The threatening was so directed at first; but afterwards, upon his humiliation, the punishment was transferred from him to his son, as is expressed, 1Ki 21:29, yet upon Ahab's returning to sin, in the next chapter, he brings back the curse upon himself, and so it is no wonder if it be in some sort fulfilled in him also.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:20 - Hast thou found Dost thou pursue me from place to place? Wilt thou never let me rest? Art thou come after me hither with thy unwelcome messages? Thou art always distu...
Dost thou pursue me from place to place? Wilt thou never let me rest? Art thou come after me hither with thy unwelcome messages? Thou art always disturbing, threatening, and opposing me.
The hand of God hath found and overtaken thee.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:20 - Sold thyself Thou hast wholly resigned up thyself to be the bondslave of the devil, as a man that sells himself to another is totally in his master's power.
Thou hast wholly resigned up thyself to be the bondslave of the devil, as a man that sells himself to another is totally in his master's power.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:20 - To work evil, &c. Impudently and contemptuously. Those who give themselves up to sin will certainly be found out, sooner or later, to their unspeakable amazement.
Impudently and contemptuously. Those who give themselves up to sin will certainly be found out, sooner or later, to their unspeakable amazement.
Or, in the portion, as it is explained 2Ki 9:36.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:24 - Him that dieth, &c. _Punishments after death are here most insisted on. And these, tho' lighting on the body only, yet undoubtedly were designed as figures of the soul's ...
_Punishments after death are here most insisted on. And these, tho' lighting on the body only, yet undoubtedly were designed as figures of the soul's misery in an after state.
None among all the kings of Israel which had been before him.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:25 - Whom Jezebel This is added to shew, that temptations to sin are no excuse to the sinner.
This is added to shew, that temptations to sin are no excuse to the sinner.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:27 - Softly Slowly and silently, after the manner of mourners, or those who are under a great consternation.
Slowly and silently, after the manner of mourners, or those who are under a great consternation.
Wesley: 1Ki 21:29 - Humbleth himself His humiliation was real, though not lasting, and accordingly pleasing to God. This discovers the great goodness of God, and his readiness to shew mer...
His humiliation was real, though not lasting, and accordingly pleasing to God. This discovers the great goodness of God, and his readiness to shew mercy. It teaches us to take notice of that which is good, even in the worst of men. It gives a reason why wicked persons often prosper: God rewards what little good is in them. And it encourages true penitents. If even Ahab goes to his house reprieved, doubtless they shall go to their houses justified.
JFB: 1Ki 21:1-3 - Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel Ahab was desirous, from its contiguity to the palace, to possess it for a vegetable garden. He proposed to Naboth to give him a better in exchange, or...
Ahab was desirous, from its contiguity to the palace, to possess it for a vegetable garden. He proposed to Naboth to give him a better in exchange, or to obtain it by purchase; but the owner declined to part with it. In persisting in his refusal, Naboth was not actuated by any feelings of disloyalty or disrespect to the king, but solely from a conscientious regard to the divine law, which, for important reasons, had prohibited the sale of a paternal inheritance [Lev 25:23; Num 36:7]; or if, through extreme poverty or debt, an assignation of it to another was unavoidable, the conveyance was made on the condition of its being redeemable at any time [Lev 25:25-27]; at all events, of its reverting at the jubilee to the owner [Lev 25:28]. In short, it could not be alienated from the family, and it was on this ground that Naboth (1Ki 21:3) refused to comply with the king's demand. It was not, therefore, any rudeness or disrespect that made Ahab heavy and displeased, but his sulky and pettish demeanor betrays a spirit of selfishness that could not brook to be disappointed of a favorite object, and that would have pushed him into lawless tyranny had he possessed any natural force of character.
JFB: 1Ki 21:4 - turned away his face Either to conceal from his attendants the vexation of spirit he felt, or, by the affectation of great sorrow, rouse them to devise some means of grati...
Either to conceal from his attendants the vexation of spirit he felt, or, by the affectation of great sorrow, rouse them to devise some means of gratifying his wishes.
JFB: 1Ki 21:7 - Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? This is not so much a question as an exclamation--a sarcastic taunt; "A pretty king thou art! Canst not thou use thy power and take what thy heart is ...
This is not so much a question as an exclamation--a sarcastic taunt; "A pretty king thou art! Canst not thou use thy power and take what thy heart is set upon?"
JFB: 1Ki 21:7 - arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry: I will give thee the vineyard After upbraiding Ahab for his pusillanimity and bidding him act as a king, Jezebel tells him to trouble himself no more about such a trifle; she would...
After upbraiding Ahab for his pusillanimity and bidding him act as a king, Jezebel tells him to trouble himself no more about such a trifle; she would guarantee the possession of the vineyard.
JFB: 1Ki 21:8 - So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal The seal-ring contained the name of the king and gave validity to the documents to which it was affixed (Est 8:8; Dan 6:17). By allowing her the use o...
JFB: 1Ki 21:8 - sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city They were the civic authorities of Jezreel, and would, in all likelihood, be the creatures and fit tools of Jezebel. It is evident that, though Ahab h...
They were the civic authorities of Jezreel, and would, in all likelihood, be the creatures and fit tools of Jezebel. It is evident that, though Ahab had recently been in Jezreel, when he made the offer to Naboth, both he and Jezebel were now in Samaria (1Ki 20:43).
JFB: 1Ki 21:9 - Proclaim a fast, &c. Those obsequious and unprincipled magistrates did according to orders. Pretending that a heavy guilt lay on one, or some unknown party, who was charge...
Those obsequious and unprincipled magistrates did according to orders. Pretending that a heavy guilt lay on one, or some unknown party, who was charged with blaspheming God and the king and that Ahab was threatening vengeance on the whole city unless the culprit were discovered and punished, they assembled the people to observe a solemn fast. Fasts were commanded on extraordinary occasions affecting the public interests of the state (2Ch 20:3; Ezr 8:21; Joe 1:14; Joe 2:15; Jon 3:5). The wicked authorities of Jezreel, by proclaiming the fast, wished to give an external appearance of justice to their proceedings and convey an impression among the people that Naboth's crime amounted to treason against the king's life.
JFB: 1Ki 21:9 - set Naboth on high During a trial the panel, or accused person, was placed on a high seat, in the presence of all the court; but as the guilty person was supposed to be ...
During a trial the panel, or accused person, was placed on a high seat, in the presence of all the court; but as the guilty person was supposed to be unknown, the setting of Naboth on high among the people must have been owing to his being among the distinguished men of the place.
JFB: 1Ki 21:13 - there came in two men Worthless fellows who had been bribed to swear a falsehood. The law required two witnesses in capital offenses (Deu 17:6; Deu 19:15; Num 35:30; Mat 26...
Worthless fellows who had been bribed to swear a falsehood. The law required two witnesses in capital offenses (Deu 17:6; Deu 19:15; Num 35:30; Mat 26:60). Cursing God and cursing the king are mentioned in the law (Exo 22:28) as offenses closely connected, the king of Israel being the earthly representative of God in His kingdom.
JFB: 1Ki 21:13 - they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him The law, which forbade cursing the rulers of the people, does not specify the penalty for this offense but either usage had sanctioned or the authorit...
The law, which forbade cursing the rulers of the people, does not specify the penalty for this offense but either usage had sanctioned or the authorities of Jezreel had originated stoning as the proper punishment. It was always inflicted out of the city (Act 7:58).
JFB: 1Ki 21:14-16 - Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take possession Naboth's execution having been announced, and his family being involved in the same fatal sentence (2Ki 9:26), his property became forfeited to the cr...
From Samaria to Jezreel.
JFB: 1Ki 21:17-19 - Hast thou killed, and also taken possession? While Ahab was in the act of surveying his ill-gotten possession, Elijah, by divine commission, stood before him. The appearance of the prophet, at su...
While Ahab was in the act of surveying his ill-gotten possession, Elijah, by divine commission, stood before him. The appearance of the prophet, at such a time, was ominous of evil, but his language was much more so (compare Eze 45:8; Eze 46:16-18). Instead of shrinking with horror from the atrocious crime, Ahab eagerly hastened to his newly acquired property.
JFB: 1Ki 21:19 - In the place where dogs licked, &c. A righteous retribution of Providence. The prediction was accomplished, not in Jezreel, but in Samaria; and not on Ahab personally, in consequence of ...
JFB: 1Ki 21:20 - thou hast sold thyself to work evil That is, allowed sin to acquire the unchecked and habitual mastery over thee (2Ki 17:17; Rom 7:11).
JFB: 1Ki 21:21-22 - will make thine house, &c. (see on 1Ki 15:29 and 1Ki 16:3-12). Jezebel, though included among the members of Ahab's house, has her ignominious fate expressly foretold (see 2Ki 9...
(see on 1Ki 15:29 and 1Ki 16:3-12). Jezebel, though included among the members of Ahab's house, has her ignominious fate expressly foretold (see 2Ki 9:30).
JFB: 1Ki 21:27-29 - Ahab . . . rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in sackcloth, and went softly He was not obdurate, like Jezebel. This terrible announcement made a deep impression on the king's heart, and led, for a while, to sincere repentance....
He was not obdurate, like Jezebel. This terrible announcement made a deep impression on the king's heart, and led, for a while, to sincere repentance. Going softly, that is, barefoot, and with a pensive manner, within doors. He manifested all the external signs, conventional and natural, of the deepest sorrow. He was wretched, and so great is the mercy of God, that, in consequence of his humiliation, the threatened punishment was deferred.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:1 - After these things After these things - This and the twentieth chapter are transposed in the Septuagint; this preceding the account of the Syrian war with Ben-hadad. J...
After these things - This and the twentieth chapter are transposed in the Septuagint; this preceding the account of the Syrian war with Ben-hadad. Josephus gives the history in the same order.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:2 - Give me thy vineyard Give me thy vineyard - The request of Ahab seems at first view fair and honorable. Naboth’ s vineyard was nigh to the palace of Ahab, and he wi...
Give me thy vineyard - The request of Ahab seems at first view fair and honorable. Naboth’ s vineyard was nigh to the palace of Ahab, and he wished to add it to his own for a kitchen garden, or perhaps a grass-plat,
Clarke: 1Ki 21:4 - He laid him down upon his bed He laid him down upon his bed - Poor soul! he was lord over ten-twelfths of the land, and became miserable because he could not get a poor man’...
He laid him down upon his bed - Poor soul! he was lord over ten-twelfths of the land, and became miserable because he could not get a poor man’ s vineyard added to all that he possessed! It is a true saying, "That soul in which God dwells not, has no happiness: and he who has God has a satisfying portion."Every privation and cross makes an unholy soul unhappy; and privations and crosses it must ever meet with, therefore: -
"Where’ er it goes is hell
itself is hell!"
Clarke: 1Ki 21:7 - Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? - Naboth, not Ahab, is king. If he have authority to refuse, and thou have no power to take, he is the g...
Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? - Naboth, not Ahab, is king. If he have authority to refuse, and thou have no power to take, he is the greater man of the two. This is the vital language of despotism and tyranny.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:8 - She wrote letters in Ahab’ s name She wrote letters in Ahab’ s name - She counterfeited his authority by his own consent; and he lent his signet to stamp that authority.
She wrote letters in Ahab’ s name - She counterfeited his authority by his own consent; and he lent his signet to stamp that authority.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:9 - Proclaim a fast Proclaim a fast - Intimate that there is some great calamity coming upon the nation, because of some evil tolerated in it
Proclaim a fast - Intimate that there is some great calamity coming upon the nation, because of some evil tolerated in it
Set Naboth on high - Bring him to a public trial.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:10 - Set two men Set two men - For life could not be attainted but on the evidence of two witnesses at least
Set two men - For life could not be attainted but on the evidence of two witnesses at least
Clarke: 1Ki 21:10 - Sons of Belial Sons of Belial - Men who will not scruple to tell lies and take a false oath
Sons of Belial - Men who will not scruple to tell lies and take a false oath
Clarke: 1Ki 21:10 - Thou didst blaspheme God and the king Thou didst blaspheme God and the king - Thou art an atheist and a rebel. Thou hast spoken words injurious to the perfections and nature of God; and ...
Thou didst blaspheme God and the king - Thou art an atheist and a rebel. Thou hast spoken words injurious to the perfections and nature of God; and thou hast spoken words against the crown and dignity of the king. The words literally are, Naboth hath Blessed Clod and the king; or, as Parkhurst contends, "Thou hast blessed the false gods and Molech,"
Many think that the word
Clarke: 1Ki 21:13 - And stoned him with stones And stoned him with stones - As they pretended to find him guilty of treason against God and the king, it is likely they destroyed the whole of his ...
And stoned him with stones - As they pretended to find him guilty of treason against God and the king, it is likely they destroyed the whole of his family; and then the king seized on his grounds as confiscated, or as escheated to the king, without any heir at law. That his family was destroyed appears strongly intimated, 2Ki 9:26; Surely I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth, And the Blood of His Sons, saith the Lord.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:15 - Arise, take possession Arise, take possession - By what rites or in what forms this was done, we do not know.
Arise, take possession - By what rites or in what forms this was done, we do not know.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:18 - Go down to meet Ahab Go down to meet Ahab - This was the next day after the murder, as we learn from the above quotation, 2Ki 9:26.
Go down to meet Ahab - This was the next day after the murder, as we learn from the above quotation, 2Ki 9:26.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:19 - In the place where dogs licked, etc. In the place where dogs licked, etc. - It is in vain to look for a literal fulfillment of this prediction. Thus it would have been fulfilled, but th...
In the place where dogs licked, etc. - It is in vain to look for a literal fulfillment of this prediction. Thus it would have been fulfilled, but the humiliation of Ahab induced the merciful God to say, I will not bring the evil in his days, but in the days of his son, 1Ki 21:29. Now dogs did lick the blood of Ahab; but it was at the pool of Samaria, where his chariot and his armor were washed, after he had received his death wound at Ramoth-gilead; but some think this was the place where Naboth was stoned: see 1Ki 22:38. And how literally the prediction concerning his son was fulfilled, see 2Ki 9:25, where we find that the body of Jehoram his son, just then slain by an arrow that had passed through his heart, was thrown into the portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite; and there, doubtless, the dogs licked his blood, if they did not even devour his body. There is a similar idea of the propriety of punishment overtaking the culprit in the place where he had committed the crime, expressed by Orestes to Aegisthus, Soph. Elect. 1495
-
- Go where thou slew’ st my father
That in the self-same place thou too may’ st die.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:20 - Thou hast sold thyself to work evil Thou hast sold thyself to work evil - See a similar form of speech, Rom 7:14 (note). Thou hast totally abandoned thyself to the service of sin. Sata...
Thou hast sold thyself to work evil - See a similar form of speech, Rom 7:14 (note). Thou hast totally abandoned thyself to the service of sin. Satan is become thy absolute master, and thou his undivided slave.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:23 - The dogs shall eat Jezebel The dogs shall eat Jezebel - This was most literally fulfilled; see 2Ki 9:36. The carcasses of poor Hindoos, and of persons who have received public...
The dogs shall eat Jezebel - This was most literally fulfilled; see 2Ki 9:36. The carcasses of poor Hindoos, and of persons who have received public punishment, are thrown into the rivers, and floating to the side, are devoured by dogs, vultures, and crows.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:25 - Did sell himself to work wickedness Did sell himself to work wickedness - He hired himself to the devil for this very purpose, that he might work wickedness. This was to be his employm...
Did sell himself to work wickedness - He hired himself to the devil for this very purpose, that he might work wickedness. This was to be his employment, and at this he labored
Clarke: 1Ki 21:25 - In the sight of the Lord, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up In the sight of the Lord, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up - A good wife is from the Lord; a bad wife is from the devil: Jezebel was of this kind; a...
In the sight of the Lord, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up - A good wife is from the Lord; a bad wife is from the devil: Jezebel was of this kind; and she has had many successors.
Clarke: 1Ki 21:27 - He rent his clothes He rent his clothes - He was penetrated with sorrow, and that evidently unfeigned
He rent his clothes - He was penetrated with sorrow, and that evidently unfeigned
Clarke: 1Ki 21:27 - Put sackcloth upon his flesh Put sackcloth upon his flesh - He humbled himself before God and man
Put sackcloth upon his flesh - He humbled himself before God and man
And fasted - He afflicted his body for his soul’ s benefit
Clarke: 1Ki 21:27 - Lay in sackcloth Lay in sackcloth - Gave the fullest proof that his repentance was real
Lay in sackcloth - Gave the fullest proof that his repentance was real
Clarke: 1Ki 21:27 - And went softly And went softly - Walked barefooted; so the Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic. The Vulgate has demisso capite , "with his head hanging down."Houbigant tra...
And went softly - Walked barefooted; so the Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic. The Vulgate has demisso capite , "with his head hanging down."Houbigant translates went groaning . Jarchi says that the word
"With light and noiseless step lament."
Clarke: 1Ki 21:29 - Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself - He did abase himself; he did truly repent him of his sins, and it was such a repentance as was genuine in the...
Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself - He did abase himself; he did truly repent him of his sins, and it was such a repentance as was genuine in the sight of God: He humbleth himself Before Me
The penitent heart ever meets the merciful eye of God; repentance is highly esteemed by the Father of compassion, even where it is comparatively shallow and short-lived. Any measure of godly sorrow has a proportionate measure of God’ s regard; where it is deep and lasting, the heart of God is set upon it. He that mourns shall be comforted; thus hath God spoken, and though repentance for our past sins can purchase no favor, yet without it God will not grant us his salvation.
Defender -> 1Ki 21:19
Defender: 1Ki 21:19 - the place Naboth was murdered at Ahab's instigation outside the city of Jezreel (1Ki 21:1, 1Ki 21:13). Elijah's prophecy against Ahab was soon fulfilled in a fi...
TSK -> 1Ki 21:1; 1Ki 21:2; 1Ki 21:3; 1Ki 21:4; 1Ki 21:5; 1Ki 21:6; 1Ki 21:7; 1Ki 21:8; 1Ki 21:9; 1Ki 21:10; 1Ki 21:11; 1Ki 21:12; 1Ki 21:13; 1Ki 21:14; 1Ki 21:15; 1Ki 21:16; 1Ki 21:17; 1Ki 21:18; 1Ki 21:19; 1Ki 21:20; 1Ki 21:21; 1Ki 21:22; 1Ki 21:23; 1Ki 21:24; 1Ki 21:25; 1Ki 21:26; 1Ki 21:27; 1Ki 21:29
TSK: 1Ki 21:1 - after // Jezreel am 3105, bc 899
after : 1Ki 20:35-43; 2Ch 28:22; Ezr 9:13, Ezr 9:14; Isa 9:13; Jer 5:3
Jezreel : 1Ki 18:45; Jos 19:18; Jdg 6:33; 1Sa 29:1; Hos 1:4, Ho...
TSK: 1Ki 21:2 - Give me // a garden of herbs // seem good to thee Give me : The request of Ahab, at first view, appears fair and honourable. But, as he most evidentially wished Naboth to alienate it finally, which w...
Give me : The request of Ahab, at first view, appears fair and honourable. But, as he most evidentially wished Naboth to alienate it finally, which was expressly forbidden and provided against in the law of God (Lev 25:14-28), it was high iniquity in Ahab to tempt him to do it, and to covet it showed the depravity of his soul. Gen 3:6; Exo 20:17; Deu 5:21; 1Sa 8:14; Jer 22:17; Hab 2:9-11; Luk 12:15; 1Ti 6:9; Jam 1:14, Jam 1:15
a garden of herbs : 2Ki 9:27; Deu 11:10; Ecc 2:5; Son 4:15
seem good to thee : Heb. be good in thine eyes, Gen 16:6; 1Sa 8:6, 1Sa 29:6
TSK: 1Ki 21:3 - The Lord // I should give The Lord : Gen 44:7, Gen 44:17; Jos 22:29, Jos 24:16; 1Sa 12:23, 1Sa 24:6, 1Sa 26:9-11; 1Ch 11:19; Job 27:5; Rom 3:4, Rom 3:6, Rom 3:31, Rom 6:2, Rom ...
TSK: 1Ki 21:4 - heavy // I will not // And he laid him heavy : 1Ki 20:43; Job 5:2; Isa 57:20, Isa 57:21; Jon 4:1, Jon 4:9; Hab 2:9-12
I will not : 1Ki 21:3; Num 22:13, Num 22:14
And he laid him : Gen 4:5-8...
TSK: 1Ki 21:5 - Jezebel // Why is thy spirit Jezebel : 1Ki 21:25, 1Ki 16:31, 1Ki 18:4, 1Ki 19:2; Gen 3:6
Why is thy spirit : 2Sa 13:4; Neh 2:2; Est 4:5
TSK: 1Ki 21:6 - Because // I will not give Because : 1Ki 21:2; Est 5:9-14, Est 6:12; Pro 14:30; 1Ti 6:9, 1Ti 6:10; Jam 4:2-7
I will not give : 1Ki 21:3, 1Ki 21:4
TSK: 1Ki 21:7 - Dost thou now // I will give thee Dost thou now : 1Sa 8:4; 2Sa 13:4; Pro 30:31; Ecc 4:1, Ecc 8:4; Dan 5:19-21
I will give thee : 1Ki 21:15, 1Ki 21:16; Mic 2:1, Mic 2:2, Mic 7:3
TSK: 1Ki 21:8 - she wrote // the elders // the nobles she wrote : 2Sa 11:14, 2Sa 11:15; 2Ch 32:17; Ezr 4:7, Ezr 4:8, Ezr 4:11; Neh 6:5; Est 3:12-15, Est 8:8-13
the elders : Num 11:16; Deu 16:18, Deu 16:19...
she wrote : 2Sa 11:14, 2Sa 11:15; 2Ch 32:17; Ezr 4:7, Ezr 4:8, Ezr 4:11; Neh 6:5; Est 3:12-15, Est 8:8-13
the elders : Num 11:16; Deu 16:18, Deu 16:19, Deu 21:1-9
the nobles : 1Ki 21:1; 2Ki 10:1-7, 2Ki 10:11
TSK: 1Ki 21:9 - Proclaim a fast // on high among Proclaim a fast : Gen 34:13-17; Isa 58:4; Mat 2:8, Mat 23:14; Luk 20:47; Joh 18:28
on high among : Heb. in the top of
TSK: 1Ki 21:10 - two men // sons of Belial // Thou didst blaspheme two men : Deu 19:15; Mat 26:59, Mat 26:60; Act 6:11
sons of Belial : Deu 13:13; Jdg 19:22
Thou didst blaspheme : Some, with Parkhurst, would render th...
two men : Deu 19:15; Mat 26:59, Mat 26:60; Act 6:11
sons of Belial : Deu 13:13; Jdg 19:22
Thou didst blaspheme : Some, with Parkhurst, would render the original,
TSK: 1Ki 21:11 - did as Jezebel did as Jezebel : Exo 1:17, Exo 1:21, Exo 23:1, Exo 23:2; Lev 19:15; 1Sa 22:17, 1Sa 23:20; 2Ki 10:6, 2Ki 10:7; 2Ch 24:21; Pro 29:12, Pro 29:26; Dan 3:1...
TSK: 1Ki 21:13 - the men of Belial // blaspheme God // the king // they carried him the men of Belial : Exo 20:16; Deu 5:20, Deu 19:16-21; Psa 27:12, Psa 35:11; Pro 6:19, Pro 19:5, Pro 19:9, Pro 25:18; Mal 3:5; Mar 14:56-59
blaspheme ...
the men of Belial : Exo 20:16; Deu 5:20, Deu 19:16-21; Psa 27:12, Psa 35:11; Pro 6:19, Pro 19:5, Pro 19:9, Pro 25:18; Mal 3:5; Mar 14:56-59
blaspheme God : Job 1:5, Job 1:11, Job 2:9; Mat 9:3; Act 6:11
the king : Ecc 10:20; Isa 8:21; Amo 7:10; Luk 23:2; Joh 19:12; Act 24:5
they carried him : Lev 24:11-16; Num 15:35, Num 15:36; Deu 13:10, Deu 21:21, Deu 22:21, Deu 22:24; Jos 7:24, Jos 7:25; 2Ki 9:26; Ecc 4:1; Act 7:57-59
Naboth is stoned : 2Sa 11:14-24; Ecc 5:8, Ecc 8:14
Arise : 1Ki 21:7; Pro 1:10-16, Pro 4:17
TSK: 1Ki 21:16 - Ahab rose up Ahab rose up : 2Sa 1:13-16, 2Sa 4:9-12, 2Sa 11:25-27, 2Sa 23:15-17; Psa 50:18; Isa 33:15; Oba 1:12-14; Rom 1:32; 2Pe 2:15
Ahab rose up : 2Sa 1:13-16, 2Sa 4:9-12, 2Sa 11:25-27, 2Sa 23:15-17; Psa 50:18; Isa 33:15; Oba 1:12-14; Rom 1:32; 2Pe 2:15
TSK: 1Ki 21:19 - Hast thou killed // In the place Hast thou killed : Gen 3:11, Gen 4:9, Gen 4:10; 2Sa 12:9; Mic 3:1-4; Hab 2:9, Hab 2:12
In the place : This punishment, on Ahab’ s humiliation and...
Hast thou killed : Gen 3:11, Gen 4:9, Gen 4:10; 2Sa 12:9; Mic 3:1-4; Hab 2:9, Hab 2:12
In the place : This punishment, on Ahab’ s humiliation and repentance, was transferred from him to his son Jehoram (1Ki 21:29), in whom it was literally accomplished. See the parallel texts. 1Ki 22:38; Jdg 1:7; 2Sa 12:11; 2Ki 9:25, 2Ki 9:26; Est 7:10; Psa 7:15, Psa 7:16; Psa 9:16, Psa 58:10, Psa 58:11; Mat 7:2
TSK: 1Ki 21:20 - Hast thou found me // thou hast sold // to work Hast thou found me : 1Ki 18:17, 1Ki 22:8; 2Ch 18:7, 2Ch 18:17; Amo 5:10; Mar 12:12; Gal 4:16; Rev 11:10; Amo 5:10; Mar 12:12; Gal 4:16; Rev 11:10
thou...
TSK: 1Ki 21:21 - Behold // him that pisseth // him that is shut up Behold : 1Ki 14:10; Exo 20:5, Exo 20:6; 2Ki 9:7-9, 2Ki 10:1-7, 2Ki 10:11-14, 2Ki 10:17, 2Ki 10:30
him that pisseth : 1Sa 25:22, 1Sa 25:34
him that is ...
TSK: 1Ki 21:22 - make thine // made Israel to sin make thine : 1Ki 15:29, 1Ki 16:3, 1Ki 16:11
made Israel to sin : 1Ki 14:16, 1Ki 15:30, 1Ki 15:34, 1Ki 16:26
TSK: 1Ki 21:23 - Jezebel // the dogs // wall Jezebel : 1Ki 21:25; 2Ki 9:10, 2Ki 9:30-37
the dogs : Shocking as this must appear to minds that have been humanized by the kindly influence of Christ...
Jezebel : 1Ki 21:25; 2Ki 9:10, 2Ki 9:30-37
the dogs : Shocking as this must appear to minds that have been humanized by the kindly influence of Christianity, we still find similar instances in the accounts of modern travellers. Mr. Bruce says, that when at Gondar, ""the bodies of those killed by the sword were hewn to pieces and scattered about the streets, being denied burial. I was miserable, and almost driven to despair, at seeing my hunting dogs, twice let loose by the carelessness of my servants, bringing into the court-yard the heads and arms of slaughtered men, and which I could no way prevent, but by the destruction of the dogs themselves."
wall : or, ditch.
TSK: 1Ki 21:24 - that dieth that dieth : 1Ki 14:11, 1Ki 16:4; Isa 14:19; Jer 15:3; Eze 32:4, Eze 32:5, Eze 39:18-20; Rev 19:18
TSK: 1Ki 21:25 - But there // sell himself // whom Jezebel // stirred up But there : 1Ki 21:20, 1Ki 16:30-33; 2Ki 23:25
sell himself : 1Ki 21:20; 2Ki 17:17; Isa 50:1, Isa 52:3; Rom 6:19, Rom 7:14
whom Jezebel : 1Ki 21:7, 1K...
TSK: 1Ki 21:26 - very abominably // according to very abominably : 2Ch 15:8; Isa 65:4; Jer 16:18, Jer 44:4; Eze 18:12; 1Pe 4:3; Rev 21:8
according to : Gen 15:16; Lev 18:25-30, Lev 20:22, Lev 20:23; ...
TSK: 1Ki 21:27 - he rent // lay in sackcloth // went softly he rent : Gen 37:34; 2Ki 6:30, 2Ki 18:37; Jon 3:6
lay in sackcloth : 2Sa 12:17; Job 16:15; Isa 22:12, Isa 58:5-8; Joe 1:13
went softly : Isa 38:15
TSK: 1Ki 21:29 - Seest thou // Ahab // I will not // the evil in // in his son’ s days Seest thou : Jer 7:17; Luk 7:44
Ahab : Exo 10:3; Psa 18:44, Psa 66:3, Psa 78:34-37
I will not : Psa 86:15; Eze 33:10, Eze 33:11; Mic 7:18; Rom 2:4; 2P...
Seest thou : Jer 7:17; Luk 7:44
Ahab : Exo 10:3; Psa 18:44, Psa 66:3, Psa 78:34-37
I will not : Psa 86:15; Eze 33:10, Eze 33:11; Mic 7:18; Rom 2:4; 2Pe 3:9
the evil in : 1Ki 21:21-23
in his son’ s days : 2Ki 9:25, 2Ki 9:26, 2Ki 9:33-37, 2Ki 10:1-7, 2Ki 10:11
kecilkan semuaTafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)
Poole: 1Ki 21:1 - In Jezreel In Jezreel where one of Ahab’ s palaces was, as the other was in Samaria.
In Jezreel where one of Ahab’ s palaces was, as the other was in Samaria.
Poole: 1Ki 21:3 - -- For God hath expressly, and for divers weighty reasons, forbidden the alienation of lands from the tribes and families to which they were allotted, ...
For God hath expressly, and for divers weighty reasons, forbidden the alienation of lands from the tribes and families to which they were allotted, Lev 25:15,23,25 Nu 36:7 Eze 46:18 . And although these might have been alienated till the jubilee, yet he durst not sell it to the king for that time; because he supposed that if once it came into the king’ s hand, especially to be made a garden of pleasure, and affixed to his palace, neither he nor his posterity could ever recover it again; and so he should both offend God, and wrong his posterity; which being, as it seems, a pious man, he durst not do.
Poole: 1Ki 21:4 - Turned away his face from the light // Would eat no bread Turned away his face from the light and company which either then were with him, or might come to him to the wall, as Hezekiah did under a like dejec...
Turned away his face from the light and company which either then were with him, or might come to him to the wall, as Hezekiah did under a like dejection of spirit, Isa 38:2 .
Would eat no bread refused to eat meat in his usual time.
Poole: 1Ki 21:7 - Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? art thou fit to be king, that canst put up such affronts from thy subjects, and hast not the courage to u...
Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? art thou fit to be king, that canst put up such affronts from thy subjects, and hast not the courage to use thy absolute power to dispose of them and theirs as seemeth good unto thee?
Poole: 1Ki 21:8 - In his city Whom she very well knew to be fit for her purpose.
In his city i.e. in Jezreel. So she seeks to destroy him with a pretence of justice, and with a...
Whom she very well knew to be fit for her purpose.
In his city i.e. in Jezreel. So she seeks to destroy him with a pretence of justice, and with as little reflection upon Ahab as might be.
Poole: 1Ki 21:9 - Proclaim a fast // Set Naboth on high Proclaim a fast to remove all suspicion of hatred or evil design in Ahab, and to beget a good opinion of him amongst his people, as if his affliction...
Proclaim a fast to remove all suspicion of hatred or evil design in Ahab, and to beget a good opinion of him amongst his people, as if his afflictions had done him good, and as if he were grown zealous for God’ s honour, and careful of his people’ s welfare, and therefore desirous to prevent the further displeasure of God against his city and kingdom; and in order thereunto, to inquire into all those sins which provoked God against them, and effectually to purge them out.
Set Naboth on high in a scaffold, or some other high place, where malefactors were usually and fitly placed, that they might be seen, and their defence heard by all the people.
Poole: 1Ki 21:10 - Thou didst blaspheme // Carry him out // Stone him // That he may die Thou didst blaspheme Heb. bless . Blessing is put for cursing and blaspheming , as Job 1:5 2:9 , so also here, as is apparent, because his blessing...
Thou didst blaspheme Heb. bless . Blessing is put for cursing and blaspheming , as Job 1:5 2:9 , so also here, as is apparent, because his blessing God and the king had been no crime. It is a figure called euphemisms . God would have blasphemy so much abhorred, that it should not easily and unnecessarily be named by its proper name. Compare Psa 16:4 .
Carry him out , to the place where malefactors were punished, which was out of the city, Lev 24:23 Jos 7:24 Mar 15:20 Heb 13:12 , partly to show that they were unworthy of all human society, and abhorred by all the people; and partly because the place where they were killed was thereby ceremonially polluted.
Stone him the proper punishment of blasphemers, Lev 24:15,16 .
That he may die as one that cursed his God, and his political father, his king. See Exo 21:17 12:28 .
Poole: 1Ki 21:11 - The elders and the nobles did as Jezebel had sent unto them The elders and the nobles did as Jezebel had sent unto them which is not at all strange in them who had for a long time cast off the fear and sense o...
The elders and the nobles did as Jezebel had sent unto them which is not at all strange in them who had for a long time cast off the fear and sense of God, and prostituted their consciences and religion to please their king, and sold themselves to all manner of wickedness, and could not now make a safe and honourable retreat, and durst not disobey Jezebel’ s command, by whom they knew the king was wholly governed, and who could easily have taken away their lives in the same manner, if they had refused to kill Naboth.
Poole: 1Ki 21:13 - -- And his sons with him, as may be thought from 2Ki 9:26 , that so the king might have an undisturbed possession; for which they might pretend those e...
And his sons with him, as may be thought from 2Ki 9:26 , that so the king might have an undisturbed possession; for which they might pretend those examples, Num 16:32 Jos 7:24 . But these were examples of extraordinary vengeance, and by special warrant from God; and the law of God was positively contrary to it, Deu 24:16 .
Poole: 1Ki 21:14 - They sent to Jezebel They sent to Jezebel by whom they knew the affairs of the kingdom were managed, and this design contrived.
They sent to Jezebel by whom they knew the affairs of the kingdom were managed, and this design contrived.
Poole: 1Ki 21:15 - Take possession of the vineyard of Naboth Take possession of the vineyard of Naboth either, first, By right of confiscation, to repair the injury which he did to the king by blaspheming him. ...
Take possession of the vineyard of Naboth either, first, By right of confiscation, to repair the injury which he did to the king by blaspheming him. Or, secondly, By tyrannical usurpation. Or, thirdly, By right of inheritance; for some say that Ahab was his next kinsman, his sons being dead; which they judge more likely, because his land was next to the king’ s.
Poole: 1Ki 21:18 - Which is in Samaria // He is in the vineyard Which is in Samaria either who now is there, and about to depart thence to Jezreel; or who commonly dwells there.
He is in the vineyard or rather, ...
Which is in Samaria either who now is there, and about to depart thence to Jezreel; or who commonly dwells there.
He is in the vineyard or rather, he will be; by that time that thou comest thither thou shalt find him there.
Poole: 1Ki 21:19 - Hast thou killed, and also taken possession? // Quest // Answ // Object // thy blood, even thine // the place where Hast thou killed, and also taken possession? Thou hast murdered an innocent and righteous man; and instead of repenting for it, thou hast added anoth...
Hast thou killed, and also taken possession? Thou hast murdered an innocent and righteous man; and instead of repenting for it, thou hast added another piece of injustice and violence to it, and art going confidently and cheerfully to reap the fruit of thy wickedness. He ascribes Jezebel’ s fact to Ahab, because Jezebel did it by his connivance, and consent, and authority, and for the satisfaction of his inordinate appetite.
Quest. How was this prophecy fulfilled, when Ahab’ s blood was not licked in Jezreel, which was in the tribe of Issachar, but in the pool of Samaria, 1Ki 22:38 , which was in the tribe of Ephraim?
Answ First, This was done, though not in the same individual place, yet in the same general place, i.e. in the territory of Samaria, within which Jezreel was; and in a place of the same nature, a public and common place; for such was both the place of Naboth’ s execution, and the pool of Samaria. Secondly, This was particularly accomplished in his son Joram, as is affirmed, 2Ki 9:25,26 ; whose blood is not improperly called Ahab’ s blood, because children are said to be born of their parents’ blood. See Joh 1:13 Act 17:26 .
Object. These words,
thy blood, even thine show that it is meant of Ahab’ s person.
Answ True, the threatening was so directed and designed at first; but afterwards, upon his humiliation, the punishment was transferred from him to his son, as is expressed, 1Ki 21:29 .
Object. This is said to be fulfilled in Ahab’ s person, 1Ki 22:38 .
Answ Either that may be referred to some other prediction or commination not elsewhere mentioned; or rather, it intimates that it was in part and in some sort fulfilled in him, though not so severely and opprobriously, nor with such characters of the curse, as it was in his son; whence he there mentions only the thing, without any regard unto the place here designed. But it may further be observed, that although upon Ahab’ s humiliation the curse here threatened might seem to be wholly translated from his person to his posterity; yet upon Ahab’ s return to sin, in the next chapter, he brings back the curse upon himself, and so it is no wonder if it be in some sort fulfilled in him also. Thirdly, The Hebrew word, rendered in
the place where may be, and is by some learned men, otherwise rendered; either thus instead of this that ; that being frequently said to be done in another’ s place which was only done in his stead ; or, like as ; or, because that . So it doth not design the place, but the cause and reason of this judgment. And in this sense the same word is used Zec 2:1 .
Poole: 1Ki 21:20 - Ahab said to Elijah // Hast thou found me? // O mine enemy // I have found thee // Thou hast sold thyself // In the sight Ahab said to Elijah upon and after his delivery of the message last mentioned, which it was needless to repeat.
Hast thou found me? Dost thou pursu...
Ahab said to Elijah upon and after his delivery of the message last mentioned, which it was needless to repeat.
Hast thou found me? Dost thou pursue me from place to place? Wilt thou never let me rest? Art thou come after me hither with thy unwelcome messages?
O mine enemy that art always disturbing, threatening, and opposing me, and expressing not so much God’ s mind as thy own hatred and enmity against me. Compare 1Ki 22:8 .
I have found thee the hand of God hath found and overtaken thee in the very act of thy sin.
Thou hast sold thyself thou hast wilfully and wholly resigned up thyself to be the bond-slave of the devil, or Baal, and of wicked Jezebel, to do whatsoever they persuade thee to do; as a man that sells himself to another is totally in his master’ s power, and must employ all his time and strength for his service. Compare 2Ki 17:7 : See Poole "Rom 7:14" .
In the sight i.e. impudently and contemptuously. Withal he minds him, that although his sin was in a great measure hid from the eyes of men by Jezebel’ s cunning contrivance, yet it was evident and known to God, who would require it at his hands.
Poole: 1Ki 21:23 - -- Or, by the ditch, or fort; or, in the portion , as it is explained 2Ki 9:36 ; the Hebrew chel here being put for chelek , used there by an apoco...
Or, by the ditch, or fort; or, in the portion , as it is explained 2Ki 9:36 ; the Hebrew chel here being put for chelek , used there by an apocope of the last Hebrew letter, which is not unusual in the Hebrew tongue.
Poole: 1Ki 21:25 - There was none like unto Ahab // Whom Jezebel his wife stirred up There was none like unto Ahab none among all the kings of Israel which had been before him.
Whom Jezebel his wife stirred up: this is added to show...
There was none like unto Ahab none among all the kings of Israel which had been before him.
Whom Jezebel his wife stirred up: this is added to show that temptations to sin are no excuse to the sinner.
Poole: 1Ki 21:26 - The Amorites The Amorites i.e. the seven nations of Canaan, all called by this name, as Gen 15:16 48:22 Amo 2:9,10 .
The Amorites i.e. the seven nations of Canaan, all called by this name, as Gen 15:16 48:22 Amo 2:9,10 .
Poole: 1Ki 21:27 - -- i. e. Slowly and silently, after the manner of mourners, or those who are under a great consternation, and in deep consideration.
i. e. Slowly and silently, after the manner of mourners, or those who are under a great consternation, and in deep consideration.
Poole: 1Ki 21:29 - Before me // The evil Before me i.e. in my presence, and upon my threatening. But this humiliation or repentance of Ahab’ s was only external and superficial, arising...
Before me i.e. in my presence, and upon my threatening. But this humiliation or repentance of Ahab’ s was only external and superficial, arising from the terror of God’ s judgments; and not sincere and serious, proceeding from the love of God, or a true sense of his sin, or a solemn purpose of amendment of his life, as appears, because all the particulars of his repentance here, 1Ki 21:27 , are external and ritual only; nor is there the least intimation of any one sign or fruit of his true repentance, as that he restored Naboth’ s land, or reproved his infamous wife; but in the very next chapter you find him returning to his former vomit, hating and threatening the Lord’ s prophets, &c.
The evil i.e. the judgment threatened, both that 1Ki 21:19 , which was not inflicted upon Ahab with so much ignominy, and with that particular signature of God’ s vengeance, that it was to be done in the same place, as it was upon his son Joram; and especially that 1Ki 21:21,22 , which was wholly suspended until his son’ s days.
PBC -> 1Ki 21:1
PBC: 1Ki 21:1 - -- Ahab was a very wicked king of Israel and had done many things to provoke God to holy wrath. He crowned his wicked deeds by causing the unjust death o...
Ahab was a very wicked king of Israel and had done many things to provoke God to holy wrath. He crowned his wicked deeds by causing the unjust death of righteous Naboth, so that the wicked monarch could have his vineyard. The Lord sent His prophet, Elijah, to pronounce judgment on Ahab. He told him that the dogs would lick his blood in the same place where they had licked Naboth’s blood.
Time passed and Ahab, like many wicked men, may have thought that God had forgotten His judgment. Ahab prepared to go to battle against Syria and he asked the King of Judah, Jehoshaphat, to go to battle with him. Jehoshaphat wanted to inquire from the prophets of the Lord as to whether or not they should go to battle. Four hundred prophets told them to go on and they would have victory. Jehoshaphat was not satisfied and they called for the only one who proved to be a true prophet, Micaiah. Micaiah told them of a very strange vision that the Lord had allowed him to see. Some lying spirits had been allowed by the Lord to go and influence those false prophets so that they would lie about the situation. This does not make God a liar, nor does it make Him the author of a lie. The father of lies is the Devil, as one can learn from Joh 8:1-59. It does mean that God used the lying spirits and the lying prophets to get Ahab to go to battle. God had determined that Ahab would fall in battle that day.
Look at God’s awesome control of events as Ahab did fall in battle. The wicked king had taken every precaution to protect himself. He had disguised himself so as not to be a prominent target. However, "a certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of Israel between the joints of the harness." Now, dear friends, that man drew a bow at a venture as far as he was concerned. He did not even aim. He shot an arrow in the air. Look, however, at God’s complete and minute control of this event. God controlled the archer’s nerve impulses and muscular contractions, the angle of elevation of the bow, the direction and velocity of the wind, the direction and speed of Ahab’s chariot, and a myriad of minute details! Is our God truly awesome or is He not? The arrow went into the only place where it could have penetrated Ahab’s armor and struck its target. Ahab died when, where, and how God had determined that he would. God used lying spirits, sin, and sinful men to carry out his purposes, but He cannot be charged with their sin.
See PBtop: GOD IS SOVEREIGN
Haydock: 1Ki 21:1 - Who was Who was. Hebrew, Chaldean, &c., place this after vineyard, and read which, referring it to the ground; which we might naturally suppose would be...
Who was. Hebrew, Chaldean, &c., place this after vineyard, and read which, referring it to the ground; which we might naturally suppose would be the place of Naboth's nativity, as it was his parental estate, 4 Kings ix. 21. Josephus calls the place Azari, and says it was a field contiguous to the king's palace. Septuagint Greek: alo, "threshing-floor."
Haydock: 1Ki 21:2 - Herbs // Money // Maluit periculum cum honestate, quam utilitatem cum opprobrio Herbs. The taste of eastern nations is very different from ours. The Syrians delight in seeing gardens filled with melons, onions, &c., and they ca...
Herbs. The taste of eastern nations is very different from ours. The Syrians delight in seeing gardens filled with melons, onions, &c., and they cannot conceive what pleasure we can find in rambling round our long walks for the sake of exercise. ---
Money. Hence we perceive that, notwithstanding the despotic power of the kings of Israel, they did not imagine that they had a right to take their subjects' lands, 1 Kings viii. 14. (Calmet) ---
Naboth's conduct is therefore here applauded; and St. Ambrose (Off. iii. 9.) styles him a martyr, (Worthington) and a great saint. (Tirinus) ---
Maluit periculum cum honestate, quam utilitatem cum opprobrio.
Haydock: 1Ki 21:3 - Fathers Fathers. He would have deemed it a mark of disrespect and a crime, as he was not in a state of indigence; which alone could authorize him to sell hi...
Fathers. He would have deemed it a mark of disrespect and a crime, as he was not in a state of indigence; which alone could authorize him to sell his property, and then only till the year of jubilee; (Leviticus xxv. 23.) and as his field was to be turned into a royal garden, and the law was disregarded by the king, there was no prospect of his regaining it at that period. The law of Moses was till in force; and there were some, like Naboth, who were resolved to comply with it, (Calmet) even at the hazard of their lives. (Tirinus)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:4 - Fretting // Wall Fretting. The Hebrew terms are the same as [in] chap. xx. 43. What weakness in Achab! Riches and honours are not capable of ensuring content. (Ca...
Fretting. The Hebrew terms are the same as [in] chap. xx. 43. What weakness in Achab! Riches and honours are not capable of ensuring content. (Calmet) ---
"Who, thinkest thou, is poor; the man who is content with his own, or he who covets another's property?" (St. Ambrose, Naboth ii.) ---
Wall, as Ezechias did afterwards, in very different dispositions; though both were oppressed with grief, Isaias xxxviii. 2. Septuagint, "he covered his face." (Haydock)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:7 - Israel Israel. Hebrew simply, "Now thou wilt make the kingdom of Israel." (Calmet) ---
Protestants, "Dost thou now govern the?" &c. (Haydock) ---
Thou ...
Israel. Hebrew simply, "Now thou wilt make the kingdom of Israel." (Calmet) ---
Protestants, "Dost thou now govern the?" &c. (Haydock) ---
Thou art a fit person indeed to establish a kingdom! Ought not a king to take what he has a mind to? Syriac, "Are you fit to reign?" Arabic, "You do not deserve to govern." (Calmet) ---
Septuagint, "Dost thou now act the king over Israel, in this manner?" (Haydock)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:8 - Chief men Chief men. Hebrew chorim, "those in white," the usual colour of magistrates and noblemen, Ecclesiastes ix. 8., and Daniel vii. 9. The angels gene...
Chief men. Hebrew chorim, "those in white," the usual colour of magistrates and noblemen, Ecclesiastes ix. 8., and Daniel vii. 9. The angels generally appear arrayed in white. Among the Egyptians and the Greeks, the rich were remarkable for the whiteness of their robes. (Herodotus ii. 36.) (Homer, Odyssey z.)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:9 - Fast Fast, as in a case of the greatest importance, where the welfare of the king and of the state are concerned. We have frequent mention of such extrao...
Fast, as in a case of the greatest importance, where the welfare of the king and of the state are concerned. We have frequent mention of such extraordinary fasts, 2 Paralipomenon xx. 3., 1 Esdras viii. 21., and Joel i. 14, &c. Some would translated, "Call the assembly." (Vatable) ---
But the Chaldean, &c., are for the fast. Josephus joins both. All the people were collected, (Calmet) and Naboth was (Hebrew) "set on high, or at the head, as president, on account of his riches and nobility, (Haydock) that he might be unprepared, and afterwards be more disgraced. (Menochius) Abulensis (q. 4.) thinks that the judges were accustomed to fast, to shew their pity for the criminal, and that they were moved only by a zeal for justice.
Haydock: 1Ki 21:10 - Belial // Blasphemed // Elohim Belial, without restraint or conscience. ---
Blasphemed. Hebrew, "blessed." ---
Elohim, (Haydock) or god, the gods, magistrates, &c. (Calmet) -...
Belial, without restraint or conscience. ---
Blasphemed. Hebrew, "blessed." ---
Elohim, (Haydock) or god, the gods, magistrates, &c. (Calmet) ---
Blessing is equally put, to avoid the horrible sound of blaspheming. (Worthington) (Job i. 5., and ii. 9.) ---
Martin de Roa (i. 9.) maintains, that the word implies to "bid adieu," or quit; as if Naboth had relinquished the service both of God and of the king. He was accused as a traitor. The law did not condemn the person to death who had spoken ill of the prince, Exodus xxii. 28. But the wicked judges complied with the intimation of Jezabel; (Calmet) as she pretended that he had also blasphemed God. (Haydock) ---
Josephus introduces three witnesses, which was more conformable to the practice of the Jews. (Grotius) ---
But the text specifies two; and that number would suffice. (Haydock) ---
All Naboth's family were involved in his ruin; (4 Kings ix. 26.; Tirinus) as it was necessary for Achab's purpose. So Achan's children perished with him, Josue vii. 25. (Haydock) ---
What a complication of crime! (Tirinus) ---
"They proclaimed a fast, in order to commit murder." (St. Chrysostom, ser. 68.) Hypocrisy, falsehoods, perjury, perversion of justice, all are employed to take away the life, honour, and property of the innocent. See St. Ambrose, Seneca Benef. ii. 27. (Tirinus)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:13 - Devil // City // Stoned him Devil. Hebrew Belial, ver. 10. Protestants, "and the men of Belial witnessed against him." ---
City, as was requisite. (Calmet) ---
Stoned hi...
Devil. Hebrew Belial, ver. 10. Protestants, "and the men of Belial witnessed against him." ---
City, as was requisite. (Calmet) ---
Stoned him, for blasphemy, Leviticus xxiv. 16., and 23.
Haydock: 1Ki 21:16 - Of it Of it, on the title of confiscation, as Naboth had been condemned for high treason; (see 2 Kings ix. 7.; Menochius) or because there was no heir left...
Of it, on the title of confiscation, as Naboth had been condemned for high treason; (see 2 Kings ix. 7.; Menochius) or because there was no heir left, ver. 10. Some assert, that Naboth was Achab's uncle. But this wants proof. (Calmet) ---
Achab only waited one day, and the Elias met him to denounce to him a similar fate after he was dead, 4 Kings ix. 26. Septuagint have, "he tore this garments, and put on sackcloth; and it came to pass afterwards, that Achab arose," &c. This addition would intimate that the king pretended to be sorry. They repeat the same thing, ver. 27., "he had put on sackcloth, on the day when he slew Naboth, and went along cast down. " It is probable that Achab might assume this garb, to make people suppose that he had no hand in the death of Naboth; but this was all hypocrisy, and Elias boldly accused him of guilt. Thou hast slain, &c., ver. 19. (Haydock) ---
He knew, at least, of his wife's machinations. (Salien)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:19 - Possession // Place Possession, by desire; though he was yet only on the road. (Menochius) ---
Perhaps he had sent his servants before. (Haydock) ---
Place, not pre...
Possession, by desire; though he was yet only on the road. (Menochius) ---
Perhaps he had sent his servants before. (Haydock) ---
Place, not precisely, as Achab was slain in Samaria. (Menochius) ---
But Naboth's vineyard, perhaps, was not far distant from the pool, where dogs licked the blood of the king. (Haydock) ---
On account of Achab's repentance, the sentence was (ver. 29.; Calmet) rather changed, and his son Joram was substituted in his stead, 4 Kings ix. 25. Jehu, and his captain, Badacer, were present, when Elias denounced this sentence upon the family of Achab; and they concluded that the prediction regarded Joram. He had, perhaps, taken part with his impious parents, and promoted the same crimes. (Haydock)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:20 - Thy enemy // To find // Sold // Sold Thy enemy. Have I done thee any harm, whenever thou hast appeared before me? Hebrew and Septuagint, "O my enemy." (Haydock) ---
To find, often m...
Thy enemy. Have I done thee any harm, whenever thou hast appeared before me? Hebrew and Septuagint, "O my enemy." (Haydock) ---
To find, often means to attack or take by surprise. Art thou come thus, to fall upon me on the road? (Calmet) ---
Sold. That is, so addicted to evil, as if thou hadst sold thyself to the devil, to be his slave to work all kind of evil. (Challoner) (Worthington) (St. Gregory, in Ezec. hom. 10.) ---
The expression strongly marks the empire of the passions. Achab was sovereignly wicked, without any restraint. (Calmet) ---
So Vitellius was: Luxui saginæque mancipatus, emptusque. (Tacitus, Hist. ii.) ---
Sold, or "abandoned," are used in the same sense, Psalm xliii. 13.
Haydock: 1Ki 21:21 - Wall // Israel Wall. See 1 Kings xxv. 22. ---
Israel, chap. xiv. 10. (Menochius)
Wall. See 1 Kings xxv. 22. ---
Israel, chap. xiv. 10. (Menochius)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:22 - Sin Sin. god frequently inculcates the enormity of the crime of public scandal. (Menochius)
Sin. god frequently inculcates the enormity of the crime of public scandal. (Menochius)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:23 - Field Field. Hebrew, "wall," or "before the wall." This was exactly fulfilled, 4 Kings ix. 32. Jezabel was hurled from a window over the gate or wall ...
Field. Hebrew, "wall," or "before the wall." This was exactly fulfilled, 4 Kings ix. 32. Jezabel was hurled from a window over the gate or wall of the city. (Calmet)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:24 - Eat him Eat him. Yet God remitted something from the severity of this sentence; and Achab was buried in Samaria, chap. xxii. 37. But his son was deprived o...
Eat him. Yet God remitted something from the severity of this sentence; and Achab was buried in Samaria, chap. xxii. 37. But his son was deprived of burial. (Tirinus) (4 Kings ix. 26.) ---
According to the Hebrew, the prediction related to Achab's posterity, as the Chaldean, Septuagint, Syriac, &c., have understood it. (Calmet) ---
Protestants, "him that dieth of Achab in the city," &c.
Haydock: 1Ki 21:25 - Now Now. Septuagint, "Moreover, Achab was foolishly sold, a man who was sold, &c., since Jezabel....changed him:" Greek: metetheken. His natural dis...
Now. Septuagint, "Moreover, Achab was foolishly sold, a man who was sold, &c., since Jezabel....changed him:" Greek: metetheken. His natural disposition was not perhaps so bad. But his unfortunate connexion with a most wicked wife involved him in ruin. Even when he began to relent, and was on the point of reforming his life, (ver. 27.) her influence spoiled all. (Haydock) ---
He was sold to her, and she exercised a most severe tyranny over him, using his seal at pleasure, and treating him with indignity, ver. 7, 8. (Tirinus)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:26 - Amorrhites Amorrhites. The Sidonians still adored the idols Baal and Astaroth, with the utmost exertions of cruelty and lust. This was the religion which Acha...
Amorrhites. The Sidonians still adored the idols Baal and Astaroth, with the utmost exertions of cruelty and lust. This was the religion which Achab wished to establish, more than any of his predecessors. (Calmet)
Haydock: 1Ki 21:27 - Down Down. Hebrew, "uncovered," (Malvenda; 2 Kings xv. 30.) or "barefoot," (Chaldean; Syriac) or "softly," (Vatable; Protestants) or "he walked bent down...
Down. Hebrew, "uncovered," (Malvenda; 2 Kings xv. 30.) or "barefoot," (Chaldean; Syriac) or "softly," (Vatable; Protestants) or "he walked bent down." (Septuagint) This variety shows that the signification or at (Haydock) is not well known. The repentance of Achab is not more certain. Some believe that it was insincere, and only external: yet God was pleased to reward it iin this life, (Lyranus; Theodoret, &c.) as if might have some influence on the people. (Haydock) ---
Others suppose that Achab really repented for what he had done, but presently relapsed at the instigation of Jezabel; so that his reward was equally of a temporal nature; though St. Chrysostom (ad Theod. laps.) seems to be convinced that he "obtained the remission of all his sins, and entirely changed his life." (ser. 68, et hom. 5. ad Antioc.) ---
But here lies the difficulty. (Calmet) ---
"His groans would have found favour, if the lurking envy had not increased his offence." (St. Ambrose, in Psalm xxxvii., de Naboth. chap. iv.) See ver. 25. ---
A relapse renders the sincerity of the former conversions doubtful; and the more so, when no radical change, but only external sorrow, has appeared.
Haydock: 1Ki 21:29 - Sake Sake. Hebrew, "before me," publicly. (Haydock) ---
The threat of the prophet caused Achab to invest his son with the royal dignity, and Josaphat f...
Sake. Hebrew, "before me," publicly. (Haydock) ---
The threat of the prophet caused Achab to invest his son with the royal dignity, and Josaphat followed his example. (Salien, the year before Christ 916.) ---
But some call this in question. (Haydock)
Gill -> 1Ki 21:1; 1Ki 21:2; 1Ki 21:3; 1Ki 21:4; 1Ki 21:5; 1Ki 21:6; 1Ki 21:7; 1Ki 21:8; 1Ki 21:9; 1Ki 21:10; 1Ki 21:11; 1Ki 21:12; 1Ki 21:13; 1Ki 21:14; 1Ki 21:15; 1Ki 21:16; 1Ki 21:17; 1Ki 21:18; 1Ki 21:19; 1Ki 21:20; 1Ki 21:21; 1Ki 21:22; 1Ki 21:23; 1Ki 21:24; 1Ki 21:25; 1Ki 21:26; 1Ki 21:27; 1Ki 21:28; 1Ki 21:29
Gill: 1Ki 21:1 - And it came to pass, after these things // that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel // hard by the palace of Ahab king of Samaria And it came to pass, after these things,.... After the two battles with the king of Syria, in which Ahab was victorious, and after he had let Benhadad...
And it came to pass, after these things,.... After the two battles with the king of Syria, in which Ahab was victorious, and after he had let Benhadad, a blasphemer, and injurious to him, go free:
that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel; of which place See Gill on Hos 1:5 or "who was in Jezreel"; that is Naboth, for the vineyard was in Samaria, 1Ki 21:18.
hard by the palace of Ahab king of Samaria; that being the metropolis of the kingdom of Israel, is put for it, who, besides his palace in Samaria, had another in Jezreel; which, according to Bunting y, were sixteen miles distant from each other.
Gill: 1Ki 21:2 - And Ahab spake unto Naboth, saying, give me thy vineyard, that I may have it for a garden of herbs // because it is near unto mine house // and I will give thee for it a better vineyard than it; or, if it seemeth good unto thee, I will give thee the worth of it in money And Ahab spake unto Naboth, saying, give me thy vineyard, that I may have it for a garden of herbs,.... For a kitchen garden to produce eatables of th...
And Ahab spake unto Naboth, saying, give me thy vineyard, that I may have it for a garden of herbs,.... For a kitchen garden to produce eatables of the vegetable kind for his household, or for a flower garden; and perhaps for both, as Kimchi observes, it being customary to have such in court yards, or behind the house; perhaps he might take his notion of an herb garden from his neighbours the Syrians, who were very diligent and laborious in cultivating their gardens, as Pliny z; hence
"multa Syrorum olera'',
the many herbs of the Syrians, became a proverb with the Greeks:
because it is near unto mine house; lay very convenient for him:
and I will give thee for it a better vineyard than it; or, if it seemeth good unto thee, I will give thee the worth of it in money; which seems very well spoken, that he would either give him a better in exchange, or purchase it at its full value; he did not pretend to take it by usurpation, by force, against his will, as it was represented by Samuel kings would do, 1Sa 8:14 as yet such oppression and tyranny was not exercised.
Gill: 1Ki 21:3 - And Naboth said to Ahab, the Lord forbid it me that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee. And Naboth said to Ahab, the Lord forbid it me that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee. The inheritances of families were not to be...
And Naboth said to Ahab, the Lord forbid it me that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee. The inheritances of families were not to be alienated to another family, or tribe, nor even to be sold, unless in extreme poverty, and then to return at the year of jubilee, Lev 25:23. Now Naboth was a man in good circumstances, and under no necessity of selling his vineyard; and, if he sold it, he might reasonably conclude, it becoming a part of the royal demesnes, would never revert to his family; and therefore, both out of regard to the law of God, and the good of his family, would not part with it at any rate: this shows that he was a conscientious man, and therefore is thought to be one of those that would not bow his knee to Baal, and against whom Ahab had a grudge, and sought an opportunity against him.
Gill: 1Ki 21:4 - And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased // because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him, for he had said, I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers // and he laid him down upon his bed // and turned away his face // and would eat no bread And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased,.... Just in the same humour he was after the prophet had delivered his message to him, 1Ki 20:43, w...
And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased,.... Just in the same humour he was after the prophet had delivered his message to him, 1Ki 20:43, where the same words are used as here:
because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him, for he had said, I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers, neither by way of exchange nor of purchase: and such a denial he could not bear, since it looked like treating him with contempt, and taxing him with imprudence at least, if not with injustice, or both:
and he laid him down upon his bed; or couch, which might be not in his bedchamber, but in one of his halls, where his courtiers were:
and turned away his face; to the wall, not choosing to have conversation with any of his nobles:
and would eat no bread; the vexation took away his stomach, and he became melancholy, at least sullen.
Gill: 1Ki 21:5 - But Jezebel his wife came unto him, and said, why is thy spirit so sad, that thou eatest no bread? But Jezebel his wife came unto him, and said, why is thy spirit so sad, that thou eatest no bread? She perceived he was low spirited, and supposed he ...
But Jezebel his wife came unto him, and said, why is thy spirit so sad, that thou eatest no bread? She perceived he was low spirited, and supposed he had met with something that had ruffled him, and made him so uneasy that he could not eat his food; and she desired to know what it was, that she might relieve him if possible.
Gill: 1Ki 21:6 - And he said, because I spake unto Naboth the Jezreelite, and said unto him, give me thy vineyard for money // or else, if it please thee // I will give thee another vineyard for it; as good, or better; and he answered, I will not give thee my vineyard And he said, because I spake unto Naboth the Jezreelite, and said unto him, give me thy vineyard for money,.... Sell it him at his own price:
or el...
And he said, because I spake unto Naboth the Jezreelite, and said unto him, give me thy vineyard for money,.... Sell it him at his own price:
or else, if it please thee; if he liked it better:
I will give thee another vineyard for it; as good, or better; and he answered, I will not give thee my vineyard; he represents this answer as surly and ill natured, and as the effect of obstinacy, concealing the reason Naboth alleged for his denial.
Gill: 1Ki 21:7 - And Jezebel his wife said unto him, dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel // arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry // I will give thee the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite And Jezebel his wife said unto him, dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel?.... Art thou not king of Israel? canst thou not do as thou pleasest? h...
And Jezebel his wife said unto him, dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel?.... Art thou not king of Israel? canst thou not do as thou pleasest? hast thou not power to oblige a subject to obey thy commands, and especially in such a trifling matter as parting with a vineyard, and that upon the most reasonable terms? thou hast too much demeaned thyself as a king; thou oughtest to have exerted thy kingly power and authority, and demanded it from him; the Targum is,
"thou now shalt prosper in thy kingdom over Israel;''
thy reign now is prosperous, and like to continue so, having obtained two such victories over thine enemies, and therefore should not be dejected with such a trifling thing as this:
arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry: the kingdom being in such a flourishing state; and let not this affair give thee any trouble or uneasiness; I will take care of that, leave it with me:
I will give thee the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite: without paying any money, or giving another vineyard in exchange for it.
Gill: 1Ki 21:8 - So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal // and sent the letters unto the elders, and to the nobles that were in his city dwelling with Naboth So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal,.... He giving her leave, no doubt, to take his seal; though she might not communic...
So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal,.... He giving her leave, no doubt, to take his seal; though she might not communicate her scheme to him, lest he should object to it:
and sent the letters unto the elders, and to the nobles that were in his city dwelling with Naboth: to the chief magistrates of the city of Jezreel, where Naboth dwelt.
Gill: 1Ki 21:9 - And she wrote in the letters, saying, proclaim a fast // and set Naboth on high among the people; And she wrote in the letters, saying, proclaim a fast,.... Pretending fears of some dreadful calamity coming upon the nation, and therefore fasting an...
And she wrote in the letters, saying, proclaim a fast,.... Pretending fears of some dreadful calamity coming upon the nation, and therefore fasting and humiliation were necessary to avert it, and it would be right to inquire what crimes were committed by men among them, and punish them for them; and intimated to them that Naboth should be chosen as the great offender, and be accused, condemned, and put to death, R. Joseph Kimchi a thinks the phrase signifies "call an assembly or congregation"; convene a court of judicature, from the use of the word in the Talmudic language b; and so it is thought it is used in Jer 36:6 and indeed it can hardly be thought that Jezebel should have much notion of fasting; and besides, if it was a public fast, why should it be proclaimed only in Jezreel, and not throughout the kingdom?
and set Naboth on high among the people; the court being set, bring him to the bar and arraign him; perhaps in their courts of judicature there was a high place above the heads of the people, where criminals accused used to stand when they took their trials, that they might be seen and heard by all in court.
Gill: 1Ki 21:10 - And set two men, sons of Belial, before him, to bear witness against him // saying, thou didst blaspheme God and the king // and then carry him out, and stone him, that he die And set two men, sons of Belial, before him, to bear witness against him,.... Worthless wretches, that have cast off the yoke of the law, as Belial si...
And set two men, sons of Belial, before him, to bear witness against him,.... Worthless wretches, that have cast off the yoke of the law, as Belial signifies, lawless abandoned creatures, that have no conscience of anything; "knights of the post", as we call them, that will swear anything; these were to be set before Naboth, right against him to confront him, and accuse him to his face, and charge him with crimes next mentioned:
saying, thou didst blaspheme God and the king: and so was guilty of death for the former, if not for both, and of confiscation of estate for the latter, which was the thing aimed at; and Jezebel was willing to make sure work of it, and therefore would have him accused of both:
and then carry him out, and stone him, that he die; immediately, without requiring the witnesses to give proof of their charge, and without giving Naboth leave to answer for himself.
Gill: 1Ki 21:11 - And the men of the city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them // and as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them And the men of the city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them,.... That Jezebel shou...
And the men of the city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them,.... That Jezebel should contrive so execrable a scheme, and that there should be such sons of Belial among the common people to swear to such falsehoods, need not seem strange; but that the elders and nobles of the city, the chief magistrates thereof, should be so sadly and universally depraved as to execute such a piece of villany, is really surprising. Idolatry, when it prevails, takes away all sense of humanity and justice:
and as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them; they punctually, exactly, obeyed the orders in them, as follows.
Gill: 1Ki 21:12 - They proclaimed a fast // and set Naboth on high among the people They proclaimed a fast,.... Or called a court; see Gill on 1Ki 21:9.
and set Naboth on high among the people; placed him at the bar as a criminal; ...
Gill: 1Ki 21:13 - And there came in two men, children of Belial, and sat before him // and the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people // saying, Naboth did blaspheme God and the king // then they carried him forth out of the city // and stoned him with stones, that he died And there came in two men, children of Belial, and sat before him,.... Which position showed that they were his accusers, and had a charge against him...
And there came in two men, children of Belial, and sat before him,.... Which position showed that they were his accusers, and had a charge against him; it being usual for the accusers and accused to be set face to face, as it was the manner of the Romans in later times, Act 25:16. Josephus says d there were "three" men to accuse him; but the Targum, and all the ancient versions, have only "two":
and the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people; both before the judges of the court, and before all the people that filled it, who came to hear the trial; so bold and impudent were they:
saying, Naboth did blaspheme God and the king; or "bless", an euphemism; the phrase of cursing God being shocking to the ear, and therefore such a word is used to express it, see Job 1:5,
then they carried him forth out of the city; without any further process of examining witnesses, and of hearing what the accused had to say in his defence; but immediately they carried him out of court, and out of the city, to put him to death, malefactors being executed always without the city:
and stoned him with stones, that he died; which was the death blasphemers were put to, Lev 24:14, of the manner of which; see Gill on Act 7:58, it seems from 2Ki 9:26, that his sons were stoned with him.
Gill: 1Ki 21:14 - Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead. Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead. Not only stoned, but stoned to death. This message was sent to her from the magistra...
Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead. Not only stoned, but stoned to death. This message was sent to her from the magistrates of Jezreel; for though the letters came in Ahab's name, they might be privately informed that this was a scheme of Jezebel's; besides, they knew she had the sway at court, and especially that the news of this man's death would be acceptable to her, and the more if he was of the 7000 that would not bow the knee to Baal.
Gill: 1Ki 21:15 - And it came to pass when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, and was dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab // arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give thee for money, for Naboth is not alive, but dead And it came to pass when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, and was dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab,.... To whom she communicated the news as soon ...
And it came to pass when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, and was dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab,.... To whom she communicated the news as soon as possible:
arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give thee for money, for Naboth is not alive, but dead; some think that Naboth was a near relation to Ahab, his father's brother's son e; which they endeavour to support from his estate lying next to Ahab's, and from his being ordered to be set in an high place among the people; and Josephus, as before observed, says he was of illustrious descent; and so Ahab upon his death, his sons being also put to death with him, was next heir to his estate; and therefore Jezebel bid him enter on the possession of it, he being dead, and his sons also, and therefore there was nothing in his way to obstruct him: but rather her meaning is, that Naboth was dead, not of a natural but violent death, by the hand of the civil magistrate; as for blasphemy against God, so for treason against the king, in virtue of which his estate was forfeited to the crown, and that Ahab had a right to possess it; and so it was certainly condemned in later times however among the Jews, that if a man was condemned to die by the sanhedrim, his goods came to his heirs, but if for treason against the king, they ceded to him f.
Gill: 1Ki 21:16 - And it came to pass, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead // that Ahab rose up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to take possession of it And it came to pass, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead,.... Of which he was informed by Jezebel:
that Ahab rose up to go down to the vineyard of...
And it came to pass, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead,.... Of which he was informed by Jezebel:
that Ahab rose up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to take possession of it; if it was in Jezreel, that was sixteen miles from Samaria, and lay lower than that, in a valley, and therefore he is said to go down to it; and which he did very likely in great state and pomp, many of his nobles and captains accompanying him, as we read that Jehu and Bidkar did ride after him at this time, 2Ki 9:25.
Gill: 1Ki 21:17 - And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the prophet And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the prophet,.... Where he now was, when this word came to him, is not certain; nor what he had been employed i...
And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the prophet,.... Where he now was, when this word came to him, is not certain; nor what he had been employed in for some time past, since we hear nothing of him since the unction of Elisha, other prophets of lesser note being employed in messages to Ahab from time to time; perhaps Elijah, while Ahab was engaged in war with the king of Syria, spent his time in founding or reviving the schools of the prophets, and instructing and training up those that were in them for public usefulness, since we afterwards hear of them; the word that came to him is, by the Targum, called the word of prophecy, as indeed it was, foretelling the destruction of Ahab and his house: saying; as follows.
Gill: 1Ki 21:18 - Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, which is in Samaria // behold, he is in the vineyard of Naboth // whither he is gone down to possess it Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, which is in Samaria,.... Whose seat was there, his palace where he dwelt; and Benjamin of Tudela says g, t...
Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, which is in Samaria,.... Whose seat was there, his palace where he dwelt; and Benjamin of Tudela says g, that in his time might be discerned in Samaria the palace of Ahab king of Israel, that is, some traces of it; some connect the last clause with Israel, as if the sense was, that Ahab was king over those tribes of Israel, of which Samaria was the head:
behold, he is in the vineyard of Naboth: or "will be" by the time thou gettest thither; though the Arabic version is, he is "now" in the vineyard of Naboth:
whither he is gone down to possess it; as if it was his legal inheritance.
Gill: 1Ki 21:19 - And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, thus saith the Lord, hast thou killed, and also taken possession // and thou shalt speak unto him, saying, in the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth shall dogs lick thy blood, even thine And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, thus saith the Lord, hast thou killed, and also taken possession?.... Killed in order to possess, and now taken...
And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, thus saith the Lord, hast thou killed, and also taken possession?.... Killed in order to possess, and now taken possession upon the murder; some versions, as the Vulgate Latin and Arabic, read without an interrogation, "thou hast killed and hath taken possession", so Joseph Kimchi and Ben Melech; charging him with the murder of Naboth, and the unjust possession of his vineyard; the murder is ascribed to him, because his covetousness was the cause of it; and it was done by the contrivance of his wife; and it is highly probable Ahab knew more of it, and connived at it, and consented to it, than what is recorded, and however, by taking possession upon it, he abetted the fact:
and thou shalt speak unto him, saying, in the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth shall dogs lick thy blood, even thine; which was fulfilled in his sons, who were his flesh and blood, 2Ki 9:26, for the punishment was respited in his days, and transferred to his sons, see 1Ki 21:29, though dogs did lick his blood, even his blood also, according to this prophecy, though not in the same place, see 1Ki 22:38, wherefore some take these words not to be expressive of the place where, but of the cause or reason for which this should be done, and read the words, "inasmuch", or "because dogs have licked" h, &c.
Gill: 1Ki 21:20 - And Ahab said to Elijah, hast thou found me, O mine enemy // and he answered, I have found thee // because thou hast sold thyself to work evil in the sight of the Lord And Ahab said to Elijah, hast thou found me, O mine enemy?.... So he reckoned him, because he dealt faithfully with him, and reproved him for his sins...
And Ahab said to Elijah, hast thou found me, O mine enemy?.... So he reckoned him, because he dealt faithfully with him, and reproved him for his sins, and denounced the judgments of God upon him for them:
and he answered, I have found thee; as a thief, a robber and plunderer, in another's vineyard; he had found out his sin in murdering Naboth, and unjustly possessing his vineyard, which was revealed to him by the Lord; and now was come as his enemy, as he called him, as being against him, his adversary, not that he hated his person, but his ways and works:
because thou hast sold thyself to work evil in the sight of the Lord; had given up himself wholly to his lusts, was abandoned to them, and as much under the power of them as a man is that has sold himself to another to be his slave; and which he served openly, publicly in the sight of the omniscient God, and in defiance of him. Abarbinel gives another sense of the word we render "sold thyself", that he "made himself strange", as if he was ignorant, and did not know what Jezebel had done; whereas he knew fully the whole truth of the matter, and that Naboth was killed through her contrivance, and by her management purposely; and so he did evil in the sight of that God that knows all things, pretending he was ignorant when he was not, and this Elijah found out by divine revelation; so the word is used in Gen 42:6, but the former sense is best, as appears from 1Ki 21:25.
Gill: 1Ki 21:21 - Behold, I will bring evil upon thee // and will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left Israel Behold, I will bring evil upon thee,.... Upon his own person, by cutting him off with a violent death, though his family was so numerous, having no le...
Behold, I will bring evil upon thee,.... Upon his own person, by cutting him off with a violent death, though his family was so numerous, having no less than seventy sons:
and will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left Israel; See Gill on 1Ki 14:10.
Gill: 1Ki 21:22 - And will make thine house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah // for the provocation wherewith thou hast provoked me to anger, and made Israel to sin And will make thine house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah,.... Two of his predecessors, wh...
And will make thine house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah,.... Two of his predecessors, whose families were utterly destroyed, 1Ki 15:29,
for the provocation wherewith thou hast provoked me to anger, and made Israel to sin: not only by his worship of the calves, but of the idols of the Zidonians, particularly Baal, and also of the Amorites, 1Ki 21:26.
Gill: 1Ki 21:23 - And of Jezebel also spake the Lord // saying, the dogs shall eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel And of Jezebel also spake the Lord,.... To Elijah, and by him:
saying, the dogs shall eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel or in the inheritance or p...
And of Jezebel also spake the Lord,.... To Elijah, and by him:
saying, the dogs shall eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel or in the inheritance or portion of Jezreel, as the Targum; Jarchi interprets it, the valley of Jezreel; the fulfilment of this see in 2Ki 9:30.
Gill: 1Ki 21:24 - Him that dieth of Ahab in the city the dogs shall eat, and him that dieth in the field the fowls of the air shall eat. Him that dieth of Ahab in the city the dogs shall eat, and him that dieth in the field the fowls of the air shall eat. That is, they shall have no bur...
Him that dieth of Ahab in the city the dogs shall eat, and him that dieth in the field the fowls of the air shall eat. That is, they shall have no burial, see 1Ki 14:11 hitherto are the words of the Lord by Elijah; next follow the remarks of the historian.
Gill: 1Ki 21:25 - But there was none like unto Ahab, which did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the Lord // whom Jezebel his wife stirred up But there was none like unto Ahab, which did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the Lord,.... Not of any of his predecessors, even those ...
But there was none like unto Ahab, which did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the Lord,.... Not of any of his predecessors, even those whose families had been destroyed, as his would be, 1Ki 21:21. See Gill on 1Ki 21:20.
whom Jezebel his wife stirred up; to idolatry, revenge, and murder, and to whose will he was a slave, and is one instance of his being a captive to sin, and giving up himself to the power of it.
Gill: 1Ki 21:26 - And he did very abominably in following idols // according to all things as did the Amorites, whom the Lord cast out before the children of Israel And he did very abominably in following idols,.... Which were abominable to the Lord; "dunghill gods", as the Tigurine version:
according to all th...
And he did very abominably in following idols,.... Which were abominable to the Lord; "dunghill gods", as the Tigurine version:
according to all things as did the Amorites, whom the Lord cast out before the children of Israel; meaning the seven nations that formerly inhabited Canaan, but were driven out for their sins, to make way for the children of Israel, of which the Amorites were one, and here put for all the rest.
Gill: 1Ki 21:27 - that he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon, his flesh // and fasted // and lay in sackcloth // and went softly Delivered in 1Ki 21:21,
that he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon, his flesh, tore off his clothes, and stripped himself of all, even of his...
Delivered in 1Ki 21:21,
that he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon, his flesh, tore off his clothes, and stripped himself of all, even of his very shirt, and put sackcloth on his bare flesh, a coarse cloth made of hair, and such as sacks are made with:
and fasted, how long it is not said:
and lay in sackcloth; in the night on his bed, would have no linen on him day nor night:
and went softly: step by step, as persons mourning, grieving, and pensive, do; the Targum renders it "barefoot", and so Jarchi.
Gill: 1Ki 21:28 - And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite,.... After he was gone from Ahab, and Ahab had been some time in this humble posture; the Targum ...
And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite,.... After he was gone from Ahab, and Ahab had been some time in this humble posture; the Targum calls it the word of prophecy, and so it was, as the next verse shows: saying: as follows.
Gill: 1Ki 21:29 - Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself before me // because he humbled himself before me, I will not bring the evil in his days, but in his son's days will I bring the evil upon his house Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself before me?.... Which yet was but an external humiliation, to be seen only with bodily eyes, as were all his actio...
Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself before me?.... Which yet was but an external humiliation, to be seen only with bodily eyes, as were all his actions and postures, before observed. Some Jewish writers i think his repentance was true and perfect, and his conversion thorough and real: they tell us k, that he was in fasting and prayer morning and evening before the Lord, and was studying in the law all his days, and returned not to his evil works any more, and his repentance was accepted: but the contrary appears manifest; we never read that he reproved Jezebel for the murder of Naboth, nor restored the vineyard to his family, which he would have done had he been a true penitent; nor did he leave his idols; we quickly hear of his consulting with the four hundred prophets of the groves, and expressing his hatred of a true prophet of the Lord, 1Ki 22:6, his humiliation arose from dread of punishment, and not from the true fear of God; however, it was such as was never seen in any of his wicked predecessors, and is taken notice of by the Lord. Luther l from these words concluded, and was persuaded, that he was saved:
because he humbled himself before me, I will not bring the evil in his days, but in his son's days will I bring the evil upon his house; this was not a pardon, only a reprieve; the sentence pronounced on him and his family was not taken off, nor countermanded, only the execution of it prolonged; it is promised that the destruction of his family should not be in his lifetime, but after his death, in his son's days, otherwise he himself died a violent death, and the dogs licked his blood, as were foretold; however, this may be an encouragement to those who are truly humbled for their sins, and really repent of them, that they shall receive forgiveness at the hand of God, since he showed so much regard to an outward humiliation and repentance.